RU69630U1 - BORE CHARGE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to mining and is intended for drilling and blasting development of mineral deposits. The technical task to be solved is to increase the sealing of the well at the boundary of the air gap with an upstream charge. The downhole charge includes dispersed explosive charges, separated by air gaps formed by air locks deployed in the borehole walls, installed militants and initiating means. The air lock is made in the form of a hollow ball of elastic frost-resistant material, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the blast hole, and is equipped with a shut-off valve. The air valve shut-off valve includes a housing, in the lower part of which holes for air supply are made and an adapter made of elastic frost-resistant material. 4 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The invention relates to mining and is intended for drilling and blasting breaking rocks with open development of mineral deposits.

A well-known design of the borehole charge, including the explosive placed in the borehole in the form of separate sections separated by inert materials (Handbook on drilling and blasting operations. M.F.Drukovanny, L.V.Dubnov et al., M., Nedra, 1976, p.271 -272). Also known is the design of the borehole charge, including the explosive placed in the borehole in the form of separate sections separated by water gaps (Blasting. Collection No. 81/38, M., Nedra, 1979, p.176-177).

The disadvantage of using inert material, for example, casing material or water, as the gaps between the individual sections of the explosive, is that these gaps act as a safety wall between the charges, quench the explosion energy of a single charge, and thereby interfere with the interaction of charges during the explosion, which leads to to deterioration in the efficiency of blasting.

Also known is the design of the borehole charge, including explosives placed in the borehole in the form of separate sections separated by air gaps, the air gaps being formed by two plywood circles fastened by a wooden rod (Blasting. Collection No. 54/11, M., Nedra, 1964, p. .twenty).

The disadvantage of this design of the downhole tool is the inconvenience and cumbersome design, as well as the lack of tightness of the borehole charge at the boundary of the air gap with the upstream charge and, as a result, the inability to use emulsion explosives in the borehole design.

Also known is the design of the borehole charge, including the explosive placed in the borehole in the form of separate sections,

separated by air gaps, and the air gaps are formed by hanging a cork made of paper bags, freed up when loading explosives (Blasting. Collection No. 54/11, M., Nedra, 1964, p. 254).

The disadvantages of this design of the downhole projectile are also the inconvenience of using this design, as well as the lack of tightness of the downhole charge at the boundary of the air gap with the upstream charge and, as a result, the inability to use emulsion explosives.

The closest technical solution is the design of the borehole charge, including dispersed explosive charges separated by air gaps, installed militants and means of initiation (US Pat. RF No. 2235290, Cl. F42D 1/02, 2003, Bull. No. 24 dated 08/27/2004).

The disadvantage of this design is that in the formation of any air gap between the individual sections of the explosive, the use of a safety wall or any other similar design is required, during the passage of each of which the explosion energy of a single charge is extinguished, which prevents the interaction of charges in the explosion, and thereby leads to deterioration in the efficiency of blasting. In addition, the use of a safety wall or any other similar design does not provide sufficient tightness of the borehole charge at the boundary of the air gap with the upstream charge. Waking explosives from the upper charge into the air gap increases the consumption of regular explosives and violates the planned dynamics of the explosion, which worsens the crushing of rock. These designs do not provide the possibility of using emulsion explosives in a borehole charge with air gaps.

The technical problem solved by the proposed invention is to reduce the consumption of explosive, with the possibility of using in the design of the borehole charge with air gaps emulsion explosives in winter in the Far North, and, consequently, improvement

rock crushing, due to improved tightness of the borehole charge at the boundary of the air gap with the upstream charge.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the borehole charge, including dispersed explosive charges separated by air gaps, installed fighters and initiating means, the air gaps are formed by air locks made into the walls of the well, made in the form of a hollow ball, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the blast hole. The air seal is made of an elastic frost-resistant material. The air lock is equipped with a shut-off valve with an adapter and openings for air supply in the lower part of the housing. The shut-off valve adapter is made of frost-resistant elastic material.

The novelty of this solution is the placement in the borehole between the individual sections of the explosive for the formation of air gaps with pneumatic shutters, expanded into the borehole walls, made in the form of a hollow ball, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the blasting hole. The air seal is made of an elastic frost-resistant material. The air lock is equipped with a shut-off valve with an adapter and openings for air supply in the lower part of the housing. The shut-off valve adapter is made of frost-resistant elastic material.

The formation of air gaps with pneumatic shutters open into the borehole walls prevents the explosive from spilling (leaking) from the upper part of the charge into the cavity of the air gap. In addition, the absence of safety baffles, walls of any capacity or similar structures of the air gap in the borehole charge creates favorable conditions for the propagation and interference of shock waves, which leads to the maximum use of explosive power. The implementation of a pneumatic shutter in the form of a hollow ball, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the blast hole ensures optimal tightness of the design of the borehole charge, excluding the spilling (leakage) of explosives from the upper charge into the air gap, and allows the use of emulsion explosives in the design of the borehole charge with air gaps.

The supply of a pneumatic shutter with a shut-off valve, including the body of a shut-off valve for a pneumatic shutter, in the lower part of which holes were made for supplying air to the pneumatic shutter and an adapter made of flexible frost-resistant material, makes it possible to establish the design of this borehole charge into a blast hole in the shortest time.

Performing a pneumatic shutter and a shut-off valve adapter from an elastic frost-resistant material allows using this design of a borehole charge in winter in the Far North.

The downhole charge is schematically shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, wherein FIG. 1 shows the design of the downhole charge, FIG. 2 shows the shutoff valve of the air gate of the downhole charge, FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the formation of the air gap of the downhole charge by installing an air gate in the well, Where:

1. - the lower part of the charge is an emulsion explosive,

2. - the upper part of the charge is an emulsion explosive,

3. - air gap,

4. - air lock,

5. - stop valve pneumatic lock,

6. - action cartridge,

7. - detonating cord,

8. - valve shut-off valve body,

9. - holes for supplying air to the air lock,

10. - adapter,

11. - air supply hose,

12. - compressor.

The downhole charge includes the lower part 1 of the charge and the upper part 2 of the charge — from the emulsion explosive, the air gap 3, in which the air lock 4 is installed, which is an elastic inflatable casing equipped with a shut-off valve 5, an action cartridge 6, and a detonating cord 7. For dry wells use emulsion explosive - Iremex 560, and for irrigated wells - Iregel. The air lock is made in the form of a hollow ball with a diameter of 280 mm with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm from frost-resistant insulation

rubber, for example, ISHM-45A. The shut-off valve 5 of the air lock 4 includes a body of the shut-off valve of the air lock 8, in the lower part of which holes 9 are made for supplying air to the air lock 4 and an adapter 10 made of an elastic frost-resistant material, for example, rubber.

The downhole charge is formed in a blast hole as follows.

The bottom part 1 of the charge is placed in the well - from an emulsion explosive. At the bottom of the blast hole lower the fighter cartridge 6 attached to the detonating cord 7. After charging the bottom of the well, an air gap is formed. At the required depth lower on the air supply hose 10 air lock 4, in a flat form. Using a compressor 11 (for example, a compressor for inflating latex balloons with air ZIBI 1305-0009 with a dispenser Z46), through the air supply hose 10 with a nozzle equipped with a needle (not shown in the drawing), placed in the well, compressed air is supplied into the air trap 4. As further compressed air enters the air trap 4, made in the form of a hollow ball, the diameter of which exceeds the diameter of the blast hole (in which a pressure of 40-50 kPa is created), it straightens, wedges in the well and comes into contact with the walls of the well, blocking it transverse section. Moreover, irregularities existing on the walls of the well are filled with bumps of the air trap 4, which increases its adhesion to the walls of the well and increases the reliability of the overlap. The injection of air into the pneumatic trap 4 is carried out until it is fully adhered to the surface of the well. Then the needle is removed from the shutoff valve 5 of the air lock 4. The air lock 4 installed in this way is able to withstand a load of up to 70 kg while ensuring sufficient tightness, excluding the flow of emulsion explosives into the air gap. Thus, the lower part 1 of the charge is separated by an air gap 3. Then, the upper part of the charge 2 is placed in the well, also from an emulsion explosive. The operation of forming the air gap is repeated depending on the required number of air gaps in the borehole charge. If necessary, the well is clogged with an inert material.

The borehole charge thus produced is an effective crushing of rock structure of the borehole charge with air gaps, including using emulsion explosive, by improving the tightness of the borehole charge at the boundary of the air gap with the upstream charge.

Claims (4)

1. The downhole charge, including dispersed explosive charges separated by air gaps, installed militants and initiation means, characterized in that the air gaps are formed by pneumatic shutters expanded into the walls of the well, made in the form of a hollow ball whose diameter exceeds the diameter of the blast hole. 2. The downhole charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the air seal is made of an elastic frost-resistant material. 3. The downhole charge according to claim 1, characterized in that the air lock is equipped with a shut-off valve with an adapter and openings for air supply in the lower part of the housing. 4. The downhole charge according to claim 3, characterized in that the shut-off valve adapter is made of an elastic frost-resistant material.