RU69372U1 - DEVICE FOR EVALUATING THE DIFFERENCE OF SEEDING OF SEEDS BY SOWING UNITS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to methods and means of evaluating the quality indicators of the technological process by seeders, seeders, in particular, to assess the unevenness of sowing seeds in the technological process.

The purpose of the utility model is to obtain objective data on the unevenness of sowing seeds by sowing devices.

The objective of this utility model is to reproduce the technological process of sowing seeds in the device, conditionally corresponding to the work of the sowing apparatus as part of the seeder.

The implementation of the utility model is achieved by introducing into the design of the device for assessing the unevenness of the sowing of seeds by the sowing apparatus of the casing, a fan to create an air flow in the casing and a mesh section for collecting and collecting seeds distributed along the seeding line.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to methods and means for assessing the quality indicators of the technological process by the seeders, seeders, in particular, to assess the unevenness of the seeds.

The purpose of the utility model is to obtain objective data on the unevenness of sowing seeds by sowing devices.

A device is known for determining the uneven seeding of seeds in a row with a sowing apparatus (A.S. No. 927151 publ. 15.05.82, class A01C 7/00), comprising a tape with a tape drive mechanism and a fixing mechanism for the sowing material. Evaluation of uneven seeding of seeds is carried out by their prints on a paper tape.

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited ability to obtain objective data on the distribution of seeds in a row, since sowing occurs stationary, the seeder is not moving and the distribution of seeds in a row differs from the actual sowing process.

There are also known methods and devices for testing sowing devices for sowing agricultural machinery (OST 10 5.1-2000 Industry standard. Testing of agricultural machinery. Sowing machines. Methods for evaluating functional indicators), including a stand with adhesive tape, laboratory bags, a sensor for collecting, collecting and recording the number of seeds when determining the unevenness of their seeding. The control process of sown seeds is carried out by the number of seeds distributed on the tape, the mass or number of seeds sown in laboratory bags per unit of path or area, as well as registration of flying seeds in the plane of the receiving element.

The disadvantages of the known methods and devices for assessing the unevenness of sowing seeds in the technological process of seeders are due to the large amount of preparation and periodicity of the process of repetition of experiments when testing the sowing apparatus. Processing measurement results is time consuming and time-consuming.

To obtain reliable data on the uneven seeding of seeds under the conditional conditions of operation of the sowing apparatus, a device is proposed as part of the seeder, the circuit of which is shown in figure 1.

The device consists of a housing 1, a fan 2 and a mesh section 3.

The technological process of the device to reproduce the actual conditions of sowing seeds is as follows. An air stream is created in the device by a fan for horizontal transportation of gravitationally falling seeds when they are separated from the disk of the sowing apparatus.

The average air speed in the device is determined taking into account the mass of seeds, equivalent diameter, drag coefficient, agrotechnical seeding rate and seeder speed.

When sowing seeds from the sowing disk, the force of gravity F _T = m · g, N (kg · m · s ^-2 ) acts on the seeds, equal to the product of the mass of the seed, m, kg, on the acceleration of gravity g, m · s ^-2 , and (according to Newton's formula) the pressure force F _c, H (kg · m ^-2 · s) for the air flow in the apparatus seeds.

where ξ _c is the drag coefficient of seeds for the turbulent regime is taken equal to 0.44 (Newton's formula);

S _c - mid-sectional cross-sectional area of seeds (for a spherical shape of seeds m ² ; for seeds of irregular shape, the seed diameter d _c , m, is calculated as equivalent );

ρ _in , ρ _s.av. - air density and average seed density, kg · m ^-3 ;

υ _{cf. air} - the average air speed in the device, m · s ^-1 ;

G is the mass of a sample of seeds, kg;

n is the number of seeds, pcs .;

π = 3.14

When the initial seed speed is zero, at the time of separation from the hole of the sowing disk, the conditional time of seed fall t, s, is expressed by the ratio

where h _ycmp. - the height between the hole in the zone of termination of the vacuum and the separation of seeds from the sowing disk and the bottom of the furrow.

The action time of the air flow on the seeds τ, s, in the device is determined by the seeding rate N _high. , pcs / m linear, and seeder speed V _seeder , m · s ^-1

With the equality of the forces of gravitational attraction of the seeds F _T forces the pressure of the air flow on the seeds F _c , taking into account the time of their action, the equation of the speed of the air flow in the device for the conditional operation of the sowing apparatus in the seeder has the form

where k is a coefficient depending on the speed of the seeder, the seeding rate and the distance between the hole of the sowing disk in the zone of termination of vacuum and the bottom of the furrow.

In a given operating mode of the sowing apparatus, the seeds are randomly distributed in the cells of the section, deviating from the seeding rate. By the number (or weight) of seeds collected in the cells, the unevenness of their sowing is assessed in the form of their distribution.

The test results of the device, for example, sowing seeds of beets and sunflowers, are shown in graph 1.

Row 1 - Sowing beet seeds with a sowing rate of 10 pcs / m running at a conditional speed of seeder 1.5 m / s (sowing disk with 30 holes with a diameter of 2.25 mm);

Row 2 - Sowing beet seeds with a sowing rate of 10 pcs / m linear at a conditional speed of seeder 1.5 m / s (sowing disk with 45 holes with a diameter of 2.0 mm);

Row 3 - Sowing of sunflower seeds with a sowing rate of 7 pcs. / M linear at a conditional speed of the seeder 1.94 m / s (sowing disk with 22 holes with a diameter of 4.5 mm);

Statistical analysis of experimental data shows that the standard deviation of σ when sowing seeds is:

- when sowing pelleted beet seeds (conventional seeder speed of 1.5 m / s) with a disk with 30 holes 2.25 mm in diameter, the limits are σ ± 2.18 cm, 2σ ± 4.36 cm, 3σ ± 6.54 cm;

- when sowing pelleted beet seeds (the conditional speed of the seeder is 1.5 m / s) with a disk with 45 holes with a diameter of 2.0 mm, the limits are σ ± 2.47 cm, 2σ ± 4.93 cm, 3σ ± 7.4 cm;

- when sowing sunflower seeds (the conditional speed of the seeder is 1.94 m / s) with a disk with 22 holes with a diameter of 4.5 mm, the limits are σ ± 2.95 cm, 2σ ± 5.90 cm. 3σ ± 8.84 cm.

The number of seeds in the cells was determined by the method of their calculation (a weighing option is possible to reduce the time spent on the experiment).

The advantage of the proposed device of the pneumatic principle of operation is to obtain reliable data on the unevenness of sowing seeds for technological modes of operation of the sowing apparatus in the seed drills.

With a relatively inexpensive design, devices of the pneumatic principle of operation can be successfully used at machine testing stations and in farms when setting up precision sowing devices as part of seeders.

Claims (1)

A device for assessing the unevenness of sowing seeds by sowing apparatuses, containing a tape with a tape drive mechanism and a mechanism for fixing the sowing material, characterized in that, in order to obtain reliable data on the unevenness of sowing seeds for the conditional operation of the sowing apparatus as a part of the seeder, a housing is introduced into the design of the device, mesh section and fan for creating air flow in the housing, providing horizontal transportation, gravitationally falling and distributed across the cells am seed.