RU69256U1 - AUTOMATIC WATER QUALITY CONTROL SYSTEM AT A WATER PIPELINE STATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to water quality control systems and can be used in environmental safety systems of drinking water supply to the population.

The automatic system for monitoring the quality of the water coming from the water source to the water station’s water intake contains automatic continuous environmental monitoring stations (ASNEM) located in the pump rooms of the first lift of the water station with sensors installed for recording the physicochemical characteristics of the incoming water, and a control room with installed computer monitors to display signals from ASNEM sensors in real time. The water quality control system additionally contains a station for industrial biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) of the water source and a system for sorption removal of toxic substances from water using powder sorbents. Automatic samplers and aquariums with biosensors are installed in SPBMKV, aboriginal broad-toed crayfish are placed in one of the aquariums, on whose shells sensors are connected via optical fibers to the real-time recording system for analyzing and analyzing the cardiac rhythm of crayfish, and the fish are placed in the other aquarium with fish equipped with a video surveillance system for the movement of fish. The crayfish heart rate recording and analysis system and the video monitoring system for moving fish are connected to the control room to display on the computer monitors the color signal of the corresponding modes - normal mode, increased attention mode, toxicological hazard alarm.

Description

The utility model relates to water quality control systems and can be used in environmental safety systems of drinking water supply to the population.

There are various systems for monitoring water quality by recording its physicochemical characteristics, such as water temperature, acoustic noise and vibration, electrical conductivity, pH, ammonia nitrogen concentration in water, nitrate ion concentration in water, chloride ion concentration in water, optical water density, turbidity (for example, V.S. Altunin et al. Water quality control. Handbook, M., ed. Kolos, 1993).

As practice shows, the range of changes in water quality can be quite wide in magnitude. Existing technical devices and systems based on sensors for measuring the physicochemical characteristics of water are provided only for monitoring specific characteristics of water, but do not allow monitoring other harmful effects on water, which may unexpectedly be at a dangerous level. In addition, they do not provide an opportunity to objectively determine the degree of danger of these changes for aquatic organisms. That is why the results of measurements of only the physicochemical characteristics of natural waters, as a rule, are insufficient to assess the level of danger of these effects in order to ensure the safety of the population’s water supply.

An objective assessment of the level of danger of toxicological pollution of water is impossible without the use of biological biological environmental monitoring tools that are capable of integrated form, taking into account the synergism of existing factors,

to identify and predict any negative changes in water quality as a habitat of aquatic organisms. Moreover, for each specific source, it is fundamentally important to use indigenous representatives of the fauna, which are part of its ecosystem, as bio-indicators. This is a significant difference between bioindication systems and biotesting systems, in which, by definition (GOST 27065-86), test organisms prepared in the laboratory are used, and which, as a rule, are adapted to live in a specific aqueous medium supported in the laboratory with a small range of its physical -chemical characteristics. That is why only native organisms selected as bioindicators can serve as an ecological “target” for the most objective integrated assessment of the danger of the effects of changes in surface water quality as a result of their pollution. Such bioindicators can be used as operational indicators of the occurrence of an environmentally hazardous level of water pollution.

Various means of bioindexing water quality using biosensors are known.

Known biological signaling device SB-1 wastewater toxicity by the reaction of fish leaving in safe water containing an aquarium in which a certain number of fish are placed. In the aquarium, electrodes of a repelling field were installed that prevent spontaneous fish leaving, and sensors that record fish leaving the toxic water supply zone to the safe one, where additional wastewater is diluted with clean water to prevent fish death (V.S. Altunin et al. Water quality control. Handbook. M., Kolos, 1993, pp. 258-259).

The known device is not a reliable enough tool for use in water quality control systems with the aim of

ensuring environmental safety of drinking water supply to the population.

The technical task of creating the proposed solution is the development of a reliable water quality control system using bio-indicators as operational indicators of the occurrence of a dangerous level of water pollution, which allows for the on-line registration of the presence of toxic substances in the water of water intake structures of waterworks.

The essence of the proposed utility model is as follows.

The automatic system for monitoring the quality of the water coming from the water source to the water station’s water intake contains automatic continuous environmental monitoring stations (ASNEM) located in the pump rooms of the first lift of the water station with sensors installed for recording the physicochemical characteristics of the incoming water, and a control room with installed computer monitors to display signals from ASNEM sensors in real time. The water quality control system additionally contains a station for industrial biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) of the water source and a system for sorption removal of toxic substances from water using powder sorbents. Automatic sampling devices and aquariums with biosensors are installed in SPBMKV, aboriginal broad-toed crayfish are placed in one of the aquariums, on whose shells sensors are connected via optical fibers to a real-time recording system for analyzing and analyzing the cardiac rhythm of crayfish, while fish are placed in another aquarium the fish tank is equipped with a video surveillance system for moving fish. Cancer heart rate recording and analysis system and fish movement video surveillance system

connected to the control room to display on the computer monitors the color signal of the corresponding modes - normal mode, attention mode, toxicological hazard alarm.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of an automatic water quality control system of a waterworks station; figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a biosensor connection.

The automatic system for monitoring the quality of water coming from the water source to the water station’s water intake includes 1 automatic environmental monitoring station 2 (ASNEM) located in the pump rooms of the first lift of the water station with sensors installed therein for recording the physicochemical characteristics of the incoming water, station 3 of the production biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) of a water source, chemical-bacteriological laboratory 4 with an amperometric analyzer eyrotoksinov for rapid analysis of water, tower 5 with monitors to display ASNEM signals from sensors in real time.

The water quality control system also includes a system 6 of sorption removal of toxic substances from water using powdered sorbents.

Station 3 of the industrial biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) contains:

- an aquarium with native broad-toed crayfish, connected to the system for recording and analyzing the animal’s cardiorhythm in real time; sensors are attached to the shells of the crayfish, connected via optical fibers to the recording and analysis of the crayfish heart rate in real time.

Figure 2 presents a schematic illustration of a biosensor connection, where 7 is a platform for placing a container 8 with systems

registration, analysis and data transfer, 9 - a container for placing a biosensor, 10 - a slot for optical fibers, 11 - a transmitting optical fiber, 12 - a receiving optical fiber, 13 - a biosensor (cancer).

- an aquarium with fish, which is monitored around the clock with the transmission of a picture signal to the control room of the duty staff of the water station;

- automatic samplers located in the engine rooms of the first lift of the waterworks; in the reservoir of drum nets; in front of filtering facilities; before entering the clean water tanks, and performing water sampling according to the signal about the toxic hazard of water entering the first rise of the waterworks.

The crayfish heart rate recording and analysis system and the fish movement video surveillance system are connected to the control room to display the color signal of the respective modes on the monitors - normal mode, increased attention mode, toxicological hazard alarm.

The system is as follows.

Automatic stations for continuous environmental monitoring (ASNEM) installed in the pump rooms of the first lift of water stations, using the sensors installed in them, record the physicochemical characteristics of the incoming water, and in real time transmit information about the quality of the water source to the water station control room.

In the process of controlling the quality of the water coming from the water source to the inlet of the water supply station, automatic continuous environmental monitoring stations (ASNEM) determine its physicochemical characteristics by studying the composition of water samples (water temperature, acoustic noise and vibration, electrical conductivity, pH, concentration

ammonia nitrogen in water, the concentration of nitrate ions in water, the concentration of chloride ions in water, the optical density of water, the turbidity of the water, etc.), and they provide continuous transmission of information on changes in the basic physicochemical parameters of incoming water to a control room water station.

At the same time, the station for the production of biological biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) continuously carries out automatic bioinduction of water quality (water toxicity) of the water source as a habitat.

Bioindication of water quality is carried out by diagnosing the functional state of biosensors. Two crayfish (benthic invertebrates) and fish placed in separate aquariums with running water coming from the water source to the station’s water intake are used as biosensors in the proposed control system.

The functional state of benthic invertebrates is diagnosed by measuring the cardiac activity of cancers using sensors attached to their shells and connected via optical fibers to the recording system.

The fiber-optic method for diverting the cardiac activity of benthic invertebrates with a hard shell allows continuous, real-time remote (up to hundreds of meters) non-invasive monitoring of the functional state of benthic invertebrates.

With the help of a thin optical fiber, which practically does not interfere with the vital activity of the observed animal, information about the state of the organism is output to the recording device.

In the analysis of cardioactivity of indigenous benthic invertebrates, the method of variational pulsometry is used (R.M. Baevsky et al. Assessment of the adaptive capabilities of the body and

risk of developing diseases. M., "Medicine", 1997), which is an effective means of detecting levels of chemical pollution in water hazardous to their inhabitants by quantitative estimates of the functional state of indigenous animals.

In the recording device, information about the state of the organism of the cancers is converted into signals and the resulting digital series is automatically processed by the method of variational pulsometry.

At the same time, in the process of water quality control, bioindication of water is carried out by continuously recording the movement of fish placed in an aquarium located next to the aquarium for crayfish. For this, round-the-clock video monitoring of the movement of fish in the aquarium is carried out with video transmission to the control room of the duty staff of the water station.

The processed signals are sent to the computer monitor of the personnel on duty and displayed on the monitor with one or another color signal, which means:

1. Green signal of normal operation - supertoxicants in water are not observed.

2. Yellow signal of increased attention - there is a possibility of the presence of supertoxicants in the water. It is transmitted in the following two cases:

- one of the information channels has disappeared; one of the crayfish has a stress level that exceeds the preset level of the “norm” (red signal), while the other does not (the green signal), while the fish in the aquarium move normally (green signal);

- the level of stress of the crayfish does not exceed the norm (green signals), and the “regular” movement of fish is impaired (red signal).

3. Red alarm - the cardiac activity signals of both cancers disappeared; the stress level of both cancers exceeds

set level of “norm” (red signals); “Regular” fish movement is not observed (red signal).

The toxicological hazard of water may also be accompanied by a sound signal.

According to the signal about the toxic hazard of water entering the first rise of the waterworks station (at the points: - in the engine rooms of the first rise of the waterworks station; in the tank of drum nets; in front of the filter structures; before entering the clean water tanks), the automatic samplers of the biological monitoring station select water samples in a volume of 10 l each for analysis in a chemical and bacteriological laboratory of a waterworks with appropriate analytical equipment (amperometric analyzer rotoxins type EaseChEck. V3.05X), providing rapid analysis of toxic substances.

To ensure sorption removal of toxic substances from water, the first lift of the waterworks is equipped with a system 6 of sorption removal of toxic substances from water using powder sorbents.

The developed automatic system can be used to ensure the environmental safety of drinking water supply to the population as an early (real-time) biological warning system about the unacceptable level of toxicity of water entering the water intakes of waterworks.

Claims (1)

An automatic system for monitoring the quality of water coming from the water source to the water station’s water intake, containing automatic continuous environmental monitoring stations (ASNEM) located in the pumping stations of the first lift of the water station with sensors installed for recording the physicochemical characteristics of the incoming water, and a control room with installed computer monitors to display signals from ASNEM sensors in real time, characterized in that the control system The water quality field additionally contains a station for production biological monitoring of water quality (SPBMKV) of a water source and a system for the sorption of toxic substances from water using powdered sorbents, in this case, automatic samplers and aquariums with biosensors are installed in SPBMKV, aboriginal broad-toed crayfish are placed in one of the aquariums, the shells of which are attached to sensors connected via optical fibers to the registration and analysis system of the cardiac rhythm of cancers in real time, and fish was placed in another aquarium, moreover, the fish tank is equipped with a video monitoring system for moving fish, and the crayfish heart rate recording and analysis system and the video monitoring system for moving fish are connected to the control center to display the color signal of the corresponding modes on the computer monitors - normal mode, attention mode, toxicological hazard alarm.