RU67698U1 - HOLOGRAPHICAL SIGHT AND HOLOGRAM RECORDING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to topographic sights, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark, and to devices for recording holograms of sights.

A holographic sight is proposed that forms a multicomponent imaginary image of an aim sign in the aiming space. The sight includes several semiconductor light sources with different wavelengths of radiation, which is then collimated, a hologram with images of the aiming mark, achromatizing a holographic diffraction grating. The achromatizing diffraction grating ensures the stability of the position of the observed sighting image under conditions of temperature shift of the light wavelength of the source, and also compensates for the dispersion blur of the image when using light sources with a relatively wide spectral emission band. The use of sources differing in color of radiation ensures the formation of the corresponding color components of the image of the aiming mark in the aiming space in different planes of the aiming space, which can be observed both simultaneously and separately. The sight provides for the possibility of operational displacement of the image components of the aiming mark along the line of sight by axial displacement of the light sources.

A device for recording an imaging hologram using an aiming mark with a diffuser in front of the transparency and a lens forming an object beam on a photographic plate is also proposed. The recording device provides an imaging hologram, forming in the sight at the wavelength of the used radiation several image components of the aiming mark located in different planes in the aiming space. A diffuser displacement mechanism has been introduced into the recording device. This ensures recording of a single component of the image of the sighting mark in 2-3 exposures with the position of the diffuser shifted for each exposure, which increases the clarity of the observed single image of the sighting mark.

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to topographic sights, forming an imaginary image of the sighting mark, and to devices for recording holograms of sights.

State of the art

Known topographic sights for use on hand small arms, forming an imaginary image of an aiming mark in the aiming space. These sights include a laser light source, a lens that collimates the source radiation, depicting a hologram, forming an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, achromatizing system in the form of a diffraction grating (US No. 6,490,060 B1 of Dec. 3, 2002 [1]) or a combination of prisms with a diffraction grating (US No. 5,483,362 of Jan. 9, 1996, [2]), which provides compensation for the angular displacement of the observed image of the aiming mark due to the temperature deviation of the source radiation wavelength. The disadvantage of these sights is the presence of a single image of the sighting mark in the absence of the possibility of its displacement along the line of sight. When aiming at objects located at different distances, significantly different from the distance at which the image of the aiming mark is located, the accuracy of aiming due to parallax or discrepancies between the object and the aiming mark decreases.

As a prototype, the closest in technical essence to the claimed one is a topographic sight (US No. 2006/0164704 A1 of Jul. 27, 2006 [3]), which uses a transmission type achromatizing diffraction grating. This sight is also inherent in the disadvantage noted above.

In addition, in the schemes of hologram recording devices for forming an imaginary image of two-dimensional objects, which include a sighting sign transparency, in the general case (R. Kolier et al., Optical topography, ed. Mir, M., 1973 p. 224 [ 4]), a diffuser is used, located in the object beam along the rays in front of the banner. This determines the speckle structure of the observed imaginary image, because of which its contours are rasterized and become not clear.

The essence of the utility model.

The first task of the utility model is to create a holographic sight with the elimination of the disadvantages of analogues.

The technical result of the utility model is the formation in the aiming space of a multicomponent image of the sighting mark containing components of various colors and the possibility of separate displacement of the color components of the sighting mark image along the aiming line;

The second task of the utility model is to create a recording device representing a hologram for forming an imaginary image of an aim mark in a holographic sight according to claim 1.

The technical result of the utility model is the ability to record one or more components of the image of the aiming mark on the image of the hologram, when operating as part of the sight forming in the aiming space a multicomponent image of the sighting mark at distances from the sight, corresponding to the possible range of variation of the aiming range, as well as recording the image hologram, work in the sight providing increased clarity of the observed contours of the image of the sighting mark.

In the holographic sight, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the sight containing a semiconductor light source sequentially mounted on the optical axis, a collimating lens, an achromatizing diffraction grating, depicting a hologram that forms an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, one or more semiconductor light sources are additionally installed with different wavelengths at the maxima of the spectral bands of their radiation and combining the radiation source nicks mirror optical system located between the light sources and collimating lens, wherein each light source comprises a displacement mechanism to the optical axis with respect to the front focal plane of the collimating lens.

In the device for recording an image hologram for forming a multicomponent imaginary image of an aim mark in a holographic sight, the technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a device containing a laser light source, an optical system for forming the reference and subject beams, a diffuser, an aim sign transparency and photographic plate, and the reference beam is parallel, and the subject beam is diverging, between the photographic plate and transpar volume

an objective mark is mounted in the subject channel, the transparency being located along the rays behind the front focal plane of the lens, and a mechanism for displacing the transparency along the optical axis of the subject channel, and a mechanism for shifting the diffuser relative to the transparency of the aiming mark are introduced, while the hologram of a single component of the image of the aiming mark is recorded in several successive exposures, in each of which the diffuser is in a position arbitrarily offset relative to the positions at other expositions.

Description of utility model and figures.

Figure 1 presents a variant of the optical scheme of a holographic sight, forming in the aiming space a multicomponent image of the sighting mark with components that differ in color and position along the aiming line.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of the formation of the subject and reference beams in the installation for recording the image of the hologram, as part of the sight providing a multi-component image of the sighting mark with components that differ in position along the aiming axis.

As radiation sources in the holographic sight (Fig. 1), several semiconductor light sources 1 with different wavelengths at the maxima of the spectral bands of their radiation are used. In the case considered as an example, three LEDs 1a, 1b, and 1c are used, emitting respectively in the blue, green, and red regions of the spectrum (the central wavelengths in the radiation spectrum are λ _2a , λ _2b , λ _2c ), with relatively wide (up to 30 nm) spectral bands of radiation. The simultaneous use of all three light sources is ensured by one or another combination of deflecting optical elements during the rays between the light sources and the collimating lens 5. In this case, a conventional mirror 2, a dielectric mirror 3, reflecting light at a wavelength of the source 1b and with a transmission close to 1 at other wavelengths, and a dielectric mirror 4 reflecting light at wavelengths of sources 1a and 1b and with transmission close to 1 at other wavelengths. When light sources are in the focal plane of the lens 5, parallel radiation beams are formed at its output at all used wavelengths. The displacement of any of the sources 1 along the optical axis relative to the focal plane of the lens using the same mechanisms of movement 9 for all sources leads to the formation by the lens to varying degrees for different wavelengths of converging or diverging homocentric beams. These beams then fall onto the achromatic

a transmission diffraction grating (ADR) 6 is diffracted on its periodic structure and incident on the transmitting imaging hologram 7 as the restoring light. Light diffracted on the structure of the imaging hologram and entering the eye 8 of the arrow forms a visible imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space.

When using LEDs in a holographic sight, it is necessary to take into account a significantly larger effective size of the luminous area (more than 0.5 mm) compared to laser light sources. In this case, it is necessary to use appropriate circuit solutions to reduce this size to an acceptable value, for example, by installing a micro-aperture in the image plane of the source formed by the additional lens. In the considered example with LEDs, this micro aperture is included in the composition of light source 1.

Fundamentally, in a holographic sight, circuits with different relative positions of the ADR and depicting holograms operating both in transmission and reflection can be used. In this case, we use a topographic sight scheme with parallel transmitting ADRs and an imaging hologram, which corresponds to equal angles of diffraction γ _{2 of} light in the center of the ADR and incidence of restoring light β ₁ in the center of the imaging hologram. In this case, the directions of the recovering beam on ADRs and aiming lines are set parallel. This corresponds to equal incidence angles γ _{1 of the} reconstructed light beam on the CDD and diffraction angle β _{2 of the} reconstructed beam in the center of the image hologram for the central wavelength in the radiation spectrum of the source. For the rays forming the imaginary image of the center of the sighting mark, there is full compensation for the change in the wavelength of the light of the source. It does not matter if this change is determined using a light source with a relatively wide spectral band of radiation, more specifically, an LED light source, whether the wavelength of the source light is due to a change in temperature, or, moreover, the use of several light sources with different wavelengths their radiation.

The imaging hologram 7 is registered in such a way that when reconstructing the image of the aiming mark, a multicomponent imaginary image of the aiming mark is formed at each wavelength of the light used. In the case considered for an example with three registered components in a hologram, these components are formed with centers on the aiming line in each of the groups Va, Vb and Vc at three points spaced in space along the aiming line and

located at distances Lij, where the first index corresponds to the wavelength used, the second to the number of the image component in the color group.

The displacement of any of the light sources 1 relative to the front focal plane of the lens 5 using the mechanism 9 leads to a change in the geometry of the recovery beams sequentially on the ADR 6 and the image hologram 7 at the corresponding wavelength and, consequently, to a change in the geometry of the light beam diffracted on the structure of the image hologram . As a result, the corresponding color group of the Vi components also shifts.

The formation in the holographic sight depicting the hologram 7 of a multicomponent imaginary image of the sighting mark from a single light source is provided by the recording device representing the hologram (figure 2). The hologram is recorded at a wavelength λ _{1 of} a coherent light source, generally different from the wavelength λ _{2 of the} light used in the holographic sight. The source light is appropriately divided into two beams designed to form the reference and object beams on the plate 7a with a layer that is sensitive to light at a wavelength of λ ₁ (the input part of the recording device is not shown in FIG. 2). Image holograms are recorded in several exposures corresponding to the number of recorded components. In each exposure, one and the same parallel reference beam incident on the plate 7a at an angle α ₁ and homocentric object beams diverging to various degrees, the axes of which are normal to the plate with an angle α _{2, are used} . The angles α ₁ and α ₂ at the stage of recording the image hologram and the angles β ₁ and β ₂ at the stage of restoration of imaginary images of the aiming mark when using the image hologram as part of the sight are connected by the well-known equations of the diffraction grating.

The object in the object beam is the imaginary image of the aiming sign transparency 12 formed by the lens 13, which is an opaque plate with a transparency zone corresponding to the aiming sign configuration and is set at the point Ptr along the rays behind the front focus F _{3 of the} lens. A positive lens 10 and a diffuser 11 are installed in front of the transparency along the rays, together with the condition that the lens 10 forms an image of a light source in the center of the lens 13 that ensures uniform use of light from all the transparency points when the aperture of the lens is uniformly filled.

The offset Δmp of the transparency of the aiming mark 12 relative to the focal plane of the lens 13 using the mechanism 14 provides a diverging

an object beam with a center of divergence at point P at a distance Lp from the center of the lens along the optical axis of the lens.

The mechanism 15 provides a displacement of the diffuser 11 relative to the transparency of the aiming mark 12. The hologram of a single component of the image of the aiming mark is recorded in several successive exposures, in each of which the diffuser is in a position arbitrarily shifted relative to the positions of other exposures. The reconstructed image of the sighting mark obtained in the sight using an image hologram recorded in this way is the result of superposition of several topographic images with matching external contours and internal speckle structures offset from one another. This increases the density of the total speckle structure within the outer contours of the image, respectively, reduces the degree of screening of the outer contours between the individual speckles with reduced brightness and, as a result, increases the clarity of the observed image of the aiming mark. Ultimately, this improves the accuracy of aiming.

The result of the use of the technical solutions proposed in the application is the creation of a topographic sight, which has significant functional advantages compared to existing analogues and the considered prototype. These advantages are expressed in obtaining a multicomponent image of the aiming mark with components that differ in color and position in the aiming space if there is the possibility of operational displacement of the color components of the image of the aiming mark along the aiming line in accordance with the conditions of use of the weapon, as well as in the possibility of forming several components of the image of the aiming mark of one colors also spaced in the aiming space. The noted advantages are provided with increased image clarity of a single image component and a satisfactory parallax value in the image of the aiming mark, which is manifested in the spatial displacement of the image when it is sighted through different parts of the image hologram.

Claims (2)

1. A holographic sight containing a semiconductor light source sequentially mounted on the optical axis, a collimating lens, an achromatizing holographic diffraction grating depicting a hologram, forming an imaginary image of the aiming mark in the aiming space, characterized in that one or more semiconductor light sources with differing wavelengths at the maxima of the spectral bands of their radiation and combining the radiation of these sources Calne optical system disposed between the light source and collimating lens; each radiation source contains a displacement mechanism along the optical axis relative to the front focal plane of the collimating lens. 2. A device for recording a hologram of an aim mark for a holographic sight, comprising a laser light source, an optical system for generating the reference and target beams, a diffuser, an aim sign transparency and a photographic plate sequentially installed in the target beam, the reference beam being parallel and the subject beam diverging, different the fact that between the photographic plate and the banner of the sighting mark in the subject channel is a lens, and the banner is located along the rays behind the front focal plane of the lens, and contains a mechanism for shifting the transparency along the optical axis of the object channel and a mechanism for shifting the diffuser relative to the transparency of the aiming mark, while the hologram of a single component of the image of the aiming mark is recorded in several successive exposures, in each of which the diffuser is in a position, arbitrarily offset relative to positions in other exposures.