RU67558U1 - RECEPTION AND SORTING ITEM FOR THE PROCESSING OF PRIMARY HOUSEHOLD WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The system relates to the field of public utilities, namely to the industrial collection, transportation, sorting and disposal of solid household (and equated to household) waste (MSW), both previously received and newly generated. Effect: a multiple reduction of traditional costs is achieved; the creation of new sources of raw materials; reduction of environmental pollution; reduction of landfills for waste disposal; eliminates the need for garbage chutes and garbage trucks with presses. The essence of the system: a system for collecting, transporting, sorting and disposing of municipal solid waste, using container sites for collecting municipal solid waste, which are limited by sorting waste by the population by type and size, freight forwarders, reception and sorting stations, sorting and reloading stations, waste recycling plants , landfills for waste disposal, characterized in that machines without pressing mechanisms are used as carriers of primary household waste household waste, the function of which is to transport the household waste in its original form to the primary collection and sorting points, each of which is a site for collecting household waste embodied in easy-to-install production structures containing an overpass for imported household waste, a department for receiving solid household waste, sorting line, presses and compactor, the function of the primary collection and sorting points is the manual sorting of household waste by personnel, dividing into useful and useless fractions, followed by pressing, placing into a compactor with further transportation by heavy trucks to a central garbage recycling plant, whose function in the system is further deep pressing of secondary raw materials and briquetting useless waste into blocks inert to the environment with their subsequent storage at an ecologically safe landfill . At primary reception and sorting points, a point for receiving secondary raw materials from the population for money can be additionally built in.

Description

Application area

The device relates to the field of public utilities, namely to the industrial assembly, transportation, sorting and processing of solid household (and equated to household) waste (MSW), both previously received and newly generated.

State of the art

In world practice, various methods are used for the collection, transportation and processing of municipal solid waste (MSW). The combination of manual sorting methods with mechanized sorting plants allows you to select waste paper, textiles, glass and plastic, ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

However, for mixed garbage collected in the Russian Federation and other CIS countries, the implementation of sorting garbage by type in garbage processing plants is no longer possible.

In most regions of the Russian Federation, the CIS and the world, there is a problem of overflowing solid waste landfills (landfills). Traditional methods of waste collection and disposal require large areas for new landfills and increase tariffs for the removal of solid waste collected from the population.

Meanwhile, attempts are being made to improve the collection and disposal process, drawing on the experience of countries that have technical and organizational methods for solving this problem.

Measures are being taken to improve the practical suitability of the primary collection sites. Awnings are being built to protect against atmospheric precipitation, garbage cans are equipped with lids. However, the use of garbage chutes in residential buildings and the widespread use of garbage trucks with compaction lead to the destruction or sharp reduction in the cost of secondary raw materials contained in municipal solid waste.

In some regions, waste sorting plants and sorting and reloading stations, waste incinerators have been built or are under construction. But the activities of these enterprises due to a non-systematic approach does not solve the existing problems.

The key to understanding the situation is that the process of collecting, sorting and subsequent disposal of garbage is not systematized and does not have a single manager and interested person. Waste Management System Control

It belongs to the state, more precisely - to the administrations of municipalities, which organize in strict accordance with their duties only two extreme stages - the initial collection of garbage and its disposal at the landfill. The intermediate link between these stages is realized within the framework of small enterprises, whose interests and opportunities do not extend beyond simple transportation.

Meanwhile, the population is only interested in the timely collection of garbage, the municipality fulfills narrow responsibilities for the collection and disposal of waste, and the involved organizations transport solid waste. The results of such a waste management system are manifested in the form of environmental disasters at the places of storage and disposal of waste (landfill). In addition, such a practice leads to the loss of colossal material resources in the form of secondary raw materials.

Due to the economic inefficiency of the system, tariffs for the export of solid waste are growing, while the value of tariffs is calculated by the administrations of municipalities on the basis of “generalized” and “averaged” data.

All possible changes go in only one direction - quantitative. More landfills, more staff, more landfills. However, the increase in tariffs for the export of solid waste, the widespread pollution of soil and groundwater, the loss of vast territories occupied by rotting and burning landfills, the irreplaceable depletion of traditional sources of raw materials leads to the need for a qualitatively different solution to the problem.

For qualitative changes, a fundamentally different thing is needed - a comprehensive solution to the problem, implying the existence of an intermediate stage between the primary collection of garbage and its further disposal and recycling. At this intermediate stage, sorting by type should be done.

The closest analogue of the claimed system is the patent RU 2261831 for a system for collecting and disposing of household waste, which includes a receiving drive from several containers separate for each type of waste, a sorting device, including a receiving station with preliminary sorting into mixed and sorted waste, and technological equipment, including a line for manual sorting of mixed wastes by type, a line for compaction of metal and polyethylene wastes, a crushing line, containers for packaging and trans ortnye means, characterized in that a sorting device comprising a weighing device, storage, processing equipment and additional services, placed in separate rooms located on the territory within

serviced housing mass of a closed construction complex, and the line for crushing contains a device for crushing foam and a device for crushing cullet. The difference between the proposed utility model and the present invention is that in the inventive system, household waste is not pressed and transported in its original form to the primary collection and sorting points, and unsuitable residues are accumulated in a compact container with subsequent transportation by heavy vehicles to the plant for further deep presses are briquetted into inert blocks for the environment.

The objective of the utility model is to create, on the basis of the old structure of solid waste removal, a device that would maximize the storage of garbage as raw materials for subsequent extraction of useful elements from it.

From the level of modern technological development, it can be argued that no one has yet achieved this goal. All known garbage collection and sorting systems do not solve the main problem - the first stage of garbage collection, when it deteriorates during the first 10 hours, even at the primary garbage collection site. If the garbage passes through the garbage chute, the containers are in the open air, the garbage is removed once every one or even two days, any attempts to change the usual course of disposal will be unsuccessful.

And no matter what station it would then be sent for sorting, recycling, processing, its processing in order to extract raw materials is almost useless. Mixed garbage is not amenable to any manipulation, only or burning at extremely high temperatures (in normal fire the garbage does not burn), or burial in the sarcophagus (otherwise it will poison the soil, water, air).

Technical result

The sanitary and environmental situation in the city is improving, garbage is becoming a demanded product, and its cleaning and recycling is a profitable business. The profitability of collecting and depositing waste generated in the city increases, while eliminating the need for garbage chutes and garbage trucks with presses - that is, garbage collection becomes cheaper.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a waste management system at the initial stage of its formation.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a reception and sorting point.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of an integrated system for the collection, processing and disposal of waste.

System Device Essence

The specified technical result is solved due to the fact that the reception and sorting center for the processing of primary household waste, including a container site for collecting solid household waste, freight forwarders, the primary reception and sorting point, including a line for manual sorting of mixed waste by type, sorting and reloading stations, characterized in that each primary reception and sorting point is a site for the collection of household waste, embodied in easily installed production facilities ktsiyah with overpass compartment receiving solid waste press and compactor.

At the primary pick-up point, a pick-up point for secondary raw materials can additionally be integrated.

At the first stage, household garbage falls from an apartment in the residential sector directly into a garbage container, protected from external moisture, from where it is taken out at least once a day.

At the same time, it’s not even especially important whether it is divided into cardboard, glass and plastic directly on the site, which is almost impossible in our life, because it is very difficult to get people to change their usual way of life and lay out each type of garbage in their container. Household waste can, in general, not be separated at all. It is more important that the garbage is not contaminated with fuel and lubricants of car services, construction industry waste from construction organizations, food waste from public catering facilities, industrial waste from factories and workshops, and other non-household waste.

To solve this problem, improved containers should be used with protection against ingress of unauthorized garbage, which ensures the division of waste into solid waste and KGM.

To do this, a container site is organized, the function of which is to maximally prevent the release of garbage by the population without sorting. Figure 1 shows a view of such a site. Around the containers (1) for large garbage (furniture and metal) a high net (2) is installed with a door that opens tightly, forcing the population not to throw household garbage into these containers. For household garbage, other containers are exposed (3), equipped with a lid with a slot, which, on the one hand, prevents large objects from getting into the container, and on the other, protects against foreign moisture; in addition, a canopy (4) is installed above the containers to protect it from atmospheric precipitation.

The second stage - the process of garbage removal, is also of great importance. If reloading the garbage from the original container to the transport one, pressing the garbage into the garbage truck capacity, the “economical” route of the truck with a length of 40-60 km and a duration of 5-6 hours is used, then the reorganization of the recycling system also becomes impossible.

To avoid this, it is necessary to use the same container for collecting and transporting garbage, without shaking and squeezing, a short distance and time route from the garbage site to the pick-up and drop-off point. Therefore, at this stage, improved garbage trucks are used with a device for transporting clips of filled containers in exchange for empty ones. Garbage collected in this way is not pressed in containers or during transportation to primary collection and sorting points. Its transportation to reception and sorting points is carried out (see Figure 1) on trucks of the "multielevator" type (5) in containers (3), which are installed on special loading platforms (6).

The third stage is the sorting of garbage at the reception and sorting station. This stage is completely new, and was not previously known. There are no analogues in world practice. The primary reception and sorting points (Figure 2) are a modified site for garbage collection, embodied in easily installed production structures containing a sorting line, presses and a compactor for preparing further movement of fractions according to the technological scheme. A multi-lift garbage truck (5) brings containers (3) with garbage and puts them on the platform (A). In the Waste Disposal Department (B), the working personnel of the sorting station unload the contents of each container into the tipper (7) using a winch (8) manually. From the tipper (7), the garbage enters the Department for sorting solid waste (B) onto the sorting table (9). Further garbage manually by the personnel of the sorting point

sorted by type (glass, metal, plastic, food waste, etc.), laid out in containers for useful fractions (11) and then pressed using presses (10). In the recycling department, useful fractions are received from the population for money. This department is an integral, but not obligatory part of the reception and sorting point. In the absence of the need for the population to collect and recycle it can be closed for reception, but at the same time it should continue to serve the personnel of the reception and sorting center.

The recyclable compartment (G) may consist of well-known elements. Figure 2 (D) shows: (12) - electrical panel, (13) - scales, (14) - table for sorting, (15) - cabinet, room for staff: (16) - table for staff, (17) - cupboard, (18) - dry closet, bathroom.

This collection and sorting point is as close to the population as possible; it is passive (the population throws garbage in the usual way) and active (the population gives out sorted useful fractions for money) by collecting recyclables and waste. That is, the primary collection and sorting center is a system combining a small solid waste sorting station and a familiar recycling center. To preserve the MSW merchandise value at the stage of recycled garbage collection, the primary reception and sorting point introduced containers with protection against atmospheric precipitation and transport adapted for the transportation of solid waste without mixing and pollution.

At this stage, waste is separated into separate elements - secondary raw materials (about 20 items) and useless residues, which previously were the cause of damage to household waste and environmental pollution. The introduction of a new element of recycling - the reception and sorting point is an indispensable condition for the implementation of recycling in our country. It is the sorting point that corrects the excessive shortcomings of the existing system - the lack of a culture of behavior and hygienic education of the population, lack of DEZ, insufficiently responsible attitude of carriers to garbage delivery, inattention of municipal officials to the problem, etc.

These items are not similar to the known recycling points, although they include a similar function. Their feature is the process of manual sorting of "fresh garbage" with the main extraction of useful elements. Almost all the names of raw materials, except cullet and KGM, accumulate in separate and compact form.

The fourth stage is the completion of sorting and accumulation of the remaining garbage elements - cullet and KGM. This stage takes place at enlarged reception and sorting points, which are similar to the previous transshipment stations, but only in relation to the mentioned elements. A feature of the treatment is that the waste is already freed from rotting impurities and most of the secondary raw materials. Only important

rational technical equipment - the presence of a flyover, large containers, heavy vehicles.

The fifth stage is the removal of useful and useless garbage items. Useful fractions are exported to a waste processing plant for further pressing and forming industrial blocks of raw materials (depending on the requirements of processing enterprises).

Useless residues are pressed into briquettes of maximum density and wrapped with plastic wrap to achieve complete inertness with respect to the environment.

The peculiarity is that individual elements of the waste are recycled, which increases the productivity and yield of finished secondary raw materials.

At present, the main efforts at garbage processing plants are aimed at cleaning up the remaining elements of raw materials from rotting wastes. Productivity is several times lower, and the final product with residual pollution has a low cost. In addition, briquettes of useless residues, if any, are produced, then they contain a large number of useful fractions not recovered.

The final stage is the storage of briquettes of useless residues at the landfill.

The novelty of the system lies in the use of the primary reception and sorting point and protected container sites for primary waste in the process of general assembly, transportation and processing of solid waste.

Currently, the applicant, on the basis of the introduction of a pilot model, has organized serial production of equipment and industrial structures for reception and sorting points.

The principle of the system

The implementation of the system is shown in the flow chart (Figure 3), which displays the main stages of processing and disposal of solid waste.

At the stage of the container site (20), household waste is protected from atmospheric precipitation, mixing and pollution. After garbage removal without pressing (21), it arrives at the reception and sorting station (22), where the garbage is carefully sorted with the maximum selection of useful fractions. After the sorted and compacted garbage is removed (23), it goes to the sorting and reloading stations (24), from where it is sent to the waste recycling plant (25), where it is further processed. At this stage, the concentration and compactness of useful fractions, leading to the formation of wholesale batches of recyclables, increase. As a result, a sorted useful product is obtained (26), suitable for commodity circulation. This recovered feed is sent to

manufacturing enterprises. Waste unsuitable for processing is compacted to a density of 1100 kg / m ³ briquettes inert to the environment and transported to an environmentally friendly landfill, as shown in stage (27). Due to this, garbage becomes a sought-after product, and its cleaning and recycling becomes a profitable business. The profitability of collecting and depositing waste generated in the city is increasing. Due to the fact that the primary sorting of garbage is carried out, the need to incinerate the non-recyclable substance resulting from the compaction and mixing of waste in conventional garbage trucks is eliminated. This many times reduces the traditional costs of garbage removal, and the processing of sorted waste provides large volumes of secondary raw materials at the outlet, which makes the collection and disposal of household waste profitable. The increase in output of secondary raw materials allows the creation of new processing enterprises. The refusal to burn the non-recyclable part of the waste resulting from the pressing and mixing of solid waste in garbage trucks improves the environment and reduces the territory for waste disposal, because instead of traditional landfills, landfills are created for storing environmentally friendly briquettes with unsuitable waste, which, thanks to the claimed system, significantly less than in existing traditional systems.

Claims (2)

1. Reception and sorting center for the processing of primary household waste, including a container site for collecting solid household waste, freight forwarders, a primary reception and sorting point, including a line for manual sorting of mixed waste by type, sorting and reloading stations, characterized in that each primary reception sorting point is a site for the collection of household waste, embodied in easily installed production structures, with a flyover, a department for receiving solid household waste Dov, press and compactor. 2. Reception and sorting point according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary reception and sorting point additionally has a built-in point for receiving secondary raw materials.