RU67347U1 - SYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

A synchronous electric machine containing a stator and a rotor, in which the stator consists of a material with high magnetic permeability with teeth oriented parallel to the main magnetic flux, and between which there are multiphase winding conductors, the rotor is made in the form of a magnetic circuit made of a material with high magnetic permeability in the form of a cylinder, fixed with the possibility of rotation relative to the stator and the bearing located around the circumference of the pole with alternating polarity, facing through the working gap to the stat pv, the number of poles, number of stator teeth and the number of phase coil groups, the number of stator teeth per one phase power group and the number of phases associated relations, the rotor is formed as a single cylinder.

Description

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, namely electrical machines, mainly low-speed ones.

Known synchronous motor (AS USSR SU No. 1345291 according to IPC Н02К 19/02, bull. No. 38, 1987, author Shevchenko AF), containing a stator with a three-phase winding (in the present invention, a multiphase coil winding) and an active rotor with alternating polarity of the poles (in the claimed invention - one inductor of the rotor, the poles of which are formed by permanent magnets with alternating polarity) ..., the stator winding coils belonging to one phase are located at the poles (in the claimed invention - on separate teeth), shifted by 360 email. hail, included counter. The disadvantage of the mentioned technical solution is that the shift is 360 e. hail. between the coils of one phase makes the harmonic composition of the dependence of the EMF on the time of this engine very extensive, which degrades the vibration-acoustic performance, creates additional power losses and degrades the efficiency.

Known adopted for the prototype electromechanical converter [application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2005130805 A. Authors Avdonin AF, Dashko OG, Zakharenko AB, Krivospitsky Yu.P., Litvinov AV, Litvinov V.N ., Mashurov S.I., Smaga A.P., Strekalov A.F. Published on April 10, 2007, Bulletin No. 10.], Comprising at least one stator-rotor pair, in which the stator consists of cores of material with high magnetic permeability, ends attached to the supporting stator ring and oriented parallel to the main magnetic flux, and between which there are conductors of a multiphase winding, the rotor is made in the form of two coaxially located external and internal inductors-magnetic circuits from a material with high magnetic permeability in the form of hollow cylinders rotatable relative to the stator, bearing poles of alternating polarity located around the circumference, facing the stator through working gaps and covering it, while the polarity of the poles located on the inner and outer inductors opposite each other, consonant, the number of poles is 2 · p, the number pairs of poles p, the number of stator cores z and the number of coil groups in phase d are related by:

where b is the number of stator cores per phase group, and m is the number of phases. The disadvantage of the prototype is the end fastening of the stator cores, as well as the fact that the invention prototype does not give recommendations for choosing the optimal ratios included in the formula (3) parameters.

The aim of the present invention is to provide a synchronous electric machine with increased efficiency, acceptable vibroacoustic performance and a technologically advanced coil winding of the stator (armature), in which each coil is located on a separate tooth. This goal is achieved in accordance with this technical solution by observing the ratio (3) between the number of poles 2 · rotor, the number of stator cores (hereinafter referred to as teeth) z, the number of coil groups in phase d, and the number of stator teeth per phase group b , and the number of phases m supplemented by relation (4):

where m = 2 or m = 3, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ..., if (b · m ± 1) is an even number, then d = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 .. ., if (b · m ± 1) is an odd number, then d = 2, 4, 6, 8 ... The “+” sign in formula (3) refers to slower machines, “-” to faster ones. In addition, the beginning of the phases should be located relative to each other at an angle:

where α is measured in geometric degrees.

It is also advisable to abandon the end fastening of the stator teeth, since their cantilever fastening imposes a limit on the maximum active length of the machine.

Figure 1 shows a sketch of an example. execution of the active part of a synchronous electric machine in accordance with this utility model is an option with the number of teeth 1 of the stator teeth z = 24, on which there is a three-phase winding 2 connected to a star, where A, B, C are the names of the phases, phase B consists of two coil groups 3 and 4 connected in series using conductors 5. Winding 2 can also be

connected in a triangle. The number of coils in the group b = 4. The number of rotor poles is 2p = 26, the rotor poles are formed using twenty-six permanent magnets 6 of alternating polarity attached to the yoke 7 of the rotor. The adjacent coils in the coil group must be connected in the opposite direction, since they are mainly under the poles of the rotor of opposite polarity. Coils in coil groups and coil groups of phases are connected to each other in all phases equally. The rotor yoke 7 must be made by machining from casting or forgings of structural steel with high magnetic permeability, for example, steel 10. For magnetization reversal frequencies less than 10-15 Hz, the teeth 1 and stator yoke 8 can be made similarly to the rotor yoke 7. At high values of the mentioned frequency, the teeth and yoke of the stator should be burdened from sheets of electrical steel, the direction of the burden should be parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine. In order to reduce the cost of the stator, the teeth and yoke can be made of magnetically soft powder material, for example, by pressing.

The stator winding coils 2 are wound from a winding wire, for example, copper enamel wire, onto electrically insulating frames, or on the tooth insulation on each tooth 1 of the stator. To reduce electrical ("ohmic") losses, the coil group, or the phase as a whole, can be wound with a continuous wire. To simplify and automate the technology of winding winding coils, 2 teeth 1 and yoke 8 are manufactured separately, winding 2 is wound on teeth 1, and then teeth 1 are fastened with yoke 8. After winding work is completed, varnish is impregnated with winding to increase the dielectric strength and increase its reliability. or compound.

For d> 1, the coil groups of the same phase of the winding can be connected in series or in parallel. When d is an even integer, the coil groups of the same phase of the winding can form parallel branches, which in turn can be connected to each other in series (mixed connection).

The coil groups of the phase should be interconnected so that the vectors of the induced emf, geometrically folding, form the maximum total emf of the phase.

Examples of carrying out the invention. The following examples of optimal implementation of electric machines with two-phase and three-phase stator windings can be given (see table).

Table m 2 3 2p 12; 36 eighteen; thirty twenty; 28 22; 26 26 16; 32 twenty; 28 22; 26 26 z 24 28 52 24 27 39 b one 2 3 6 7 one one 2 four 9 one d 12 6 four 2 2 26 8 four 2 one 13 m 2 3 2p eighteen; 54 thirty; 42 34; 38 24; 48 thirty; 42 32; 40 34; 38 twenty; 40 28; 32 z 36 36 thirty thirty b one 3 9 one 2 3 6 one 5 d eighteen 6 2 12 6 four 2 10 2 Note.
1. Variants of synchronous machines in the table with z = 24 and z = 36 in bold and italics can be used as two-phase and three-phase machines. It is possible to create a machine with switching coils so that the same machine works cm = 2 and cm = 3.
2. In industrial production, it is possible to produce a number of machines with the same dimensions and stator winding data. For example:
- at z = 24, m = 2, 2p = 12, 18, 20, 22, 26, 28, 30, 36;
- at z = 36, m = 3, 2p = 24, 30, 32, 34, 38, 40, 42, 48.

Claims (9)

1. A synchronous electric machine containing a stator and a rotor, in which the stator consists of teeth and a yoke of material with high magnetic permeability and oriented parallel to the main magnetic flux, and between which the multiphase winding conductors are located, the rotor is made in the form of a magnetic circuit made of a material with high magnetic permeability in the form of a cylinder, mounted rotatably relative to the stator and bearing alternating poles located around the circumference, facing through the working gap p to the stator, the number of poles 2 · p, the number of pole pairs p, the number z of the stator teeth and the number of coil groups of phase d, the number of stator teeth per one phase power group b, and the number of phases m are related by: 2 · ρ = d · (b · m ± 1), z = d · b · m, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a single cylinder, m = 2 or m = 3, b = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ..., if (b · m ± 1) is an even number, then d = 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5 ..., if (b · m ± 1) is an odd number, then d = 2, 4, 6, 8 ..., while the coil groups of the phase are interconnected so that the vectors induced EMF in them, geometrically folding, formed the maximum total EMF of the phase. 2. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the beginning of the phases should be located relative to each other at an angle α = 360 · (m + 1) / (m · d), where α is measured in geometric degrees. 3. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor is located inside the stator. 4. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor made in the form of a hollow cylinder is located outside the stator. 5. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at d> 1 the coil groups of the same phase of the winding are connected in series. 6. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that for d> 1 the coil groups of the same phase of the winding are connected in parallel. 7. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that at d = 4, 6, 8, 10 ... coil groups of the same phase of the winding are connected in series-parallel (mixed). 8. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the winding phases at m = 3 are connected to a star. 9. The synchronous electric machine according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the winding phases at m = 3 are connected in a triangle.