RU66787U1 - ROTOR-CYLINDER DEVICE IN A WIND POWER PLANT BASED ON THE MAGNES EFFECT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is used in wind energy, namely, in the construction of wind power plants with a horizontal axis of rotation using the Magnus effect, and relates to auxiliary devices designed to enhance the Magnus effect. Effect: increased magnus effect is achieved. The essence of the method: in a device containing a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades in the form of cylindrical rotors, drives for rotating the rotors and an electric generator, a rotor drive electric motor, additionally installed profiled planes along each rotor cylinder, made relative to the rotors themselves, fixed and / or notches in an amount of at least 8 are made along the circumference of the cylinder circumference along the length of the cylinder.

Description

Application area

The utility model is used in wind energy, namely, in the construction of wind power plants with a horizontal axis of rotation using the Magnus effect, and relates to auxiliary devices designed to enhance the Magnus effect.

State of the art

Known wind turbines with a horizontal axis of rotation with radial blades in the form of forcibly rotated cylinders (Magnus rotors-cylinders // US Pat. USSR 10198, F03D 7/02, 1927; US Pat. US 4,366,386, F03B 5/00, F30D 7/06, 1982; application of Germany 3246694, F03D 5/00, 1984; ac 1677366, F03D 1/02, USSR, 1991, etc.). The main disadvantages of these wind turbines are quite complex drives for rotating rotors-cylinders, which makes manufacturing more expensive and reduces the reliability of the installation, as well as the impossibility of their practical use in an aqueous medium during and in a portable form.

A device is known according to patent GB 248471 dated 05/05/1924. The disadvantage of this device should be considered the lack of indications of the type of rotor-cylinder drive from the motor, which is made by low-efficiency worm gear torque transmission through a hollow bulky frame to a bevel gear. This principle of rotor-cylinder drive leads to the appearance of a reverse reaction of the wind wheel, which will tend for some time, especially at the initial stage of promotion, to follow the main shaft of the installation. The same force will be constantly present as a harmful, taking away part of the promotion energy for oneself. However, the device does not indicate the principles of torque selection.

A device is known according to patent DE 3800070 A1 dated 07/13/1989. The disadvantage of this type of installation, working on the principle of spinning the rotor-cylinders from the built-in spiral accelerator, the flow of which is released through the outlet windows at the ends of the rotor-cylinders, should be considered the fact that the capacity of this type of installation will be quite low, the promotion of rotor cylinders from wind energy is ineffective.

A device is known according to the patent UA 63018 C2 from 01/15/2004. The disadvantage is that for the promotion of rotors, cylinders of industrial-type wind wheels, when necessary

achieving high torque, this device is not effective, because firstly, the bulkiness of such structures automatically increases with an increase in the size of a wind turbine, and secondly, harmful windage occurs, which is unacceptable with squally winds. Such installations in hurricane winds become a huge sail and their design may not withstand the air pressure. In addition, a significant complication of the design will lead to an increase in material consumption and the price of the entire installation. The more details in the design, the greater its complexity and probability of failure. Installations of this type are suitable only as low-power wind generators.

A device is known according to patent DE 3501807 A1 dated 07.24.1986. The disadvantage of this type of device is that the very method of spinning rotors-cylinders in terms of performance is in great doubt, because There are some contradictions in the use of the Magnus effect in this design.

A device is known according to patent AU 573400. The disadvantage of this type of device is that the drive for spinning the rotor-cylinders rotates the installation itself. The installation has no power elements that prevent the vibration of the rotors-cylinders. Some options for the promotion of rotors-cylinders are given, but a specific scheme is not proposed.

A close analogue should include the device according to patent US 4366386 from 12.28.1982.

The disadvantage of this type of device is the maximum complexity of the design using a huge number of differentials and gear systems. In the inventive device, this moment is circumvented by one simple solution: the electric drive of the rotor-cylinders is installed directly on the gearbox of the rotor-cylinders themselves, transmitting torque as quickly as possible and without loss of energy.

The disadvantages of all the aforementioned analogs include the fact that none of the authors of these patents expressed the main theoretical essence of the Magnus effect, namely, that a very inconspicuous detail is hidden in its principle: the relationship (according to Bernoulli's law) between static and dynamic pressures surface of rotor cylinders. Using the dynamic pressure (ρv ^2/2) in the claimed method occurs change control "shell" - air pressure on the rotor, i.e. the static structure.

Technical result

In the claimed utility model, amplification of the Magnus effect is achieved.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 shows the General structural device of the wind wheel (front view);

Figure 2 shows the constructive device and the location and shape of the fixed blades (side view), as well as the principle of the free flow on the structure of the wind wheel, where 1 is the main shaft of the wind wheel of the installation, 2 is the rotor shaft, 3 is the fairing of the wind turbine, 4 is the rotor cylinder, 5 - a plate for fixing fixed blades and a flow divider, 6 - a front flow divider blade, 7 - a flow compactor blade, 8 - a reactive blade, 9 - a free flow braking blade, 10 - an aerodynamic ring or a ring consisting of parts of its about a circle connected between sections by duralumin tubes with built-in antivibrators (aerodynamic antivibrator), 12 - slots in the blades.

Figure 3 shows a conventional trickle explaining the principle of the distribution of air velocity and pressure depending on the inlet and outlet sections of the jet.

Figure 4 shows the principle of formation of air flows during operation of the installation only with a method of enhancing the Magnus effect due to the notches on the rotor cylinders.

Figure 5 shows possible embodiments of the recesses in each rotor-cylinder.

Device essence

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect, containing a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades in the form of rotors-cylinders, drives for rotating rotors-cylinders and an electric generator, an electric motor for driving rotors-cylinders, additionally installed along each rotor-cylinder is the blade of the front flow divider and / or the blade of the flow seal, and / or the reactive blade, and / or the inlet brake with respect to the rotor-cylinder itself, at least 8 notches are made stationary and / or along the circumference of the cylinder along the height of each rotor-cylinder.

Fixed blades can be fixed from the root side directly to the front of the rotating fairing of the wind turbine.

The end parts of the blades can be fixed and fixed in the landing lodges between the two plates.

In the seal of the flow and / or jet blade and / or the braking blade of the oncoming flow, special slots are made with the possibility of suctioning an additional portion of air, or preventing the earlier occurrence of a zone of disruption of air flow.

The recesses are made having a parabolic shape.

The main element of a wind turbine operating on the basis of the Magnus effect is a rotor-cylinder (4) of complex shape (see Fig. 1, 2).

Each rotor-cylinder (4) is mounted on the axis of rotation (2), coming from the gearbox with bevel gears. The fastening of rotor-cylinders to the axes of rotation, as well as a large proportion of component parts and mechanisms is not the subject of protection of this device and is not shown in the drawings.

The torque created by the untwisted rotor-cylinder gives a torque an order of magnitude greater than the blade of a conventional wind turbine propeller. Moreover, a change in the surface shape of a rotating rotor-cylinder gives an increase in the efficiency of the wind wheel on the Magnus effect by several times.

This is explained by the physical laws of the equations of continuity of the stream of air stream (see Figure 3) (constant air flow) - the equation of aerodynamics arising from the basic laws of physics (conservation of mass and energy) and establishing the relationship between the density, speed and cross-sectional area of the stream of air stream .

When considering it, the condition is accepted that the air under study does not have the compressibility property (see Figure 3).

In a trickle of variable section, a second volume of air flows over section I over a certain period of time. This volume is equal to the product of the air velocity and the cross section F.

The second mass air flow rate m is equal to the product of the second air flow rate by the density of the stream air stream ρ. According to the law of conservation of energy, mass air flow m1, flowing through the cross section I (F1), equal to the mass m2 of the stream flowing through the cross section F2, provided that the air flow is established: that is: m ₁ = m ₂ = const, m ₁ * F ₁ * V ₁ = m ₂ * F ₂ * V ₂ = const.

This equation is called the continuity equation of the jet air stream. Since we are considering an incompressible air flow, where the density of the jet ρ ₁ , section F ₁ , is equal to the density of the stream ρ ₂ , section F ₂ , that is, ρ ₁ = ρ ₂ = const, the equation can be written in the following form: F ₁ * V ₁ = F ₂ * V ₂ = const

Now we turn to the principle of flow around the rotor-cylinder. If we draw a cylinder in two projections: when we see it in plan “in length” and from the end, we get the following mathematical picture.

According to the above (see Figure 3, Figure 4), it is seen that the power of wind turbines based on the Magnus effect depends not only on the diameter of the wind wheel, but also depends on the diameter of the rotor-cylinder itself.

The dynamics of changes in static pressure and pressure head show that the static pressure on the half of the rotor-cylinder, with the acceleration of the speed flow, falling

about 20 times, changes its value along a complex curve. It is commensurate with the trend of curvature forming the rotor-cylinder. In this case, the dynamic pressure changes approximately 400 times. Such a picture of the pressure change has the difficulty of calculating also because the angle of the velocity stream meeting with the laminar layer changes all the time. Moreover, the circular vector of the laminar flow, touching along the normal to the point under consideration, constantly changes the angle with respect to the velocity flow vector, to the top of the dynamics acceleration. It decreases to the top, and then, having crossed it, increases. But here the trend of the high-speed flow does not change according to the law, as before reaching its maximum value (see Figure 4, from the zone p1-p2, to the zone p3-p4 and further, to the zone p8-p9-p10).

In the aerodynamics of a conventional propeller, it has been proved that the high-speed pressure gets its maximum value at a distance from the propeller by at least 1/2 of its diameter. And only then does the reverse flow reaction occur. Traction appears. On the reverse side of the half-rotor, the magnitude of the change in statics and dynamics is as follows. The incoming flow is inhibited by a rotating laminar flow. It is impossible to theoretically calculate the braking value and the zone itself (see Figure 3, zone p1-p7-p6-p12-p11-p10). Blowing in the wind tunnel is required. However, based on the theory of aerodynamics, we can confidently assume that the magnitude of the static and dynamic pressure on the rotor will be significantly higher when the surface shape of the rotor changes from smooth to multifaceted, and especially when the shape of the faces is non-linear.

As a conclusion, the total torque created by the rotor-cylinder is affected not only by the speed of the incoming flow and the span of the wind wheel, but also by the diameter of a single rotor-cylinder. Equally important is its longitudinal shape and sectional shape.

An important factor is also the speed of rotation of the rotor-cylinder.

With the non-linear shape of the faces, the rotor speed must be not less than the speed of the incoming wind flow, because a flow inhibition effect appears due to swirling of the boundary layer. The rotor speed can be automatically adjusted by reading the wind speed sensor.

The achievement of the claimed technical result is due to the fact that apply additional profiled planes along each rotor-cylinder, which are fixed relative to the rotors themselves.

The combination of a rotating rotor-cylinder (4) with fixed blades (6, 7, 8, 9), which are attached from the root side directly to the front of the rotating fairing (3) of the wind turbine is shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The end parts of these blades (6, 7, 8, 9) are attached and fixed in the landing lodges between the two plates (5). On the plates (5) in the direction of oncoming flow, the following can be fixed: front flow divider (6), flow seal on the side of flow acceleration (7), which serves to expand the coverage area of the incoming flow, its ordering and acceleration to very significant values, and behind the flow seal, a jet blade (8) can be installed, which serves to create additional rotation force of the entire wind wheel. Additionally, from the side of the braking zone of the rotor, a free-wheel braking blade (9) can be installed, which serves to enhance braking of the free-flow, expanding the turbulence zone itself, and to create additional rotation force of the wind wheel.

All blades (7, 8, 9), with the exception of the front splitter (6), can be made with special slots (12) (see Figure 2), which either contribute to the suction of an additional portion of air or to prevent an earlier occurrence of the stall zone flow.

Each of the blades (6, 7, 8, 9) can be used individually, and all blades simultaneously. In the latter case, the amplification of the Magnus effect becomes maximum. In some cases, the blades can be attached directly to the aerodynamic ring, while the design of the wind wheel is simplified, and the butt parts of the blades can be attached directly to the rotating part of the fairing.

Thus, the flow pattern of a rotating rotor finds a complete view of the maximum possible use of the kinetic energy of the incoming flow. The limits of airflow use towards small values are expanding sharply, i.e. for small wind zones, where the wind speed does not exceed 2-3 m / s, installations using the inventive device become most effective in comparison with classical type wind turbines.

And at a wind speed of about 10 m / s and more for the spin-up of rotors-cylinders, the consumption of self-energy sharply decreases, and the efficiency of the installation increases.

In addition, using the inventive device, it becomes possible to create small-sized wind turbines of high power.

Strengthening the Magnus effect can additionally be achieved by changing the shape of the rotating rotor-cylinder.

The rotor length is in square proportion to the diameter of the entire wind wheel. Nevertheless, it is possible to obtain another dependent quantity that affects the total power, which is inherent only in the active method of processing air flow: dependence

power not only on the magnitude of the entire wind wheel, but also on the diameter of a single rotor-cylinder, as well as on its shape. This is explained as follows (see Figure 4).

When the rotor-cylinder rotates, viscous air “sticks” to the surface of the rotor-cylinder and the adjacent layers of air circulate together with the rotating surface of the rotor-cylinder. The farther from the rotor-cylinder the incoming air mass is separated, the less dependence it has on the rotating rotor-cylinder. In this case, the flow begins to take an ordered shape around the rotor-cylinder, and its speed characteristics increase, i.e. the speed of the incident flow is added to the speed of the air particles directly adjacent to the surface of the rotor-cylinder. The result is a boundary layer of air (see Figure 4). The air velocity at the bottom of the rotor-cylinder is less (here, V _{2 of the} incident flow is subtracted when it is braked by the boundary layer of the rotor-cylinder), which means the pressure rises.

On the reverse side, the flow velocity and the rotor-cylinder add up, and this means that the speed increases, which leads to a decrease in pressure. Due to the pressure difference, the resulting pressure force arises on the rotor-cylinder, which will move towards lower pressure, i.e. (in our case) up.

Based on the foregoing, if recesses are formed along the circumference of the cylinder along the height of the rotor-cylinder, then the effect of enhancing the rotation of the rotor-cylinder will be provided, the effect of both acceleration and deceleration of the flow around the rotor-cylinder will be provided, and the change in the diameter value will be related to the explanation characteristics of parameters according to the law of conservation of mass in a conventional trickle. Thus, the claimed result of enhancing the Magnus effect can also be realized by using a rotor-cylinder containing along the entire circumference of the circumference along its entire length of the recess, as shown in Figure 4.

The dimensions and shape of the recesses are not critical, but it is preferable that the recesses have a parabolic shape. The number of recesses located along the circumference of the cylinder depends on the value of the speed of the oncoming wind flow and can vary from 8 or more, as shown in Fig. 5.

The magnitude of the total torque when using the Magnus effect in combination with motionless blades can be expressed as follows: ΣМкр = Мкр.m. + Мкрл.,

where Mkr.m. - the magnitude of the torque created purely by the Magnus effect,

Micr.l. - the magnitude of the torque generated by the blades.

In turn, the force created only by the area of the jet blade is determined by the formula:

where

With _y is the aerodynamic coefficient; is the velocity head, S is the area of the blade, from which it is clear that the main component of this force is (in our case) the magnitude of the velocity head, where the flow velocity can reach hundreds of m / s, which is higher than storm values.

The magnitude of the force created by the blade of the compressive flow is determined experimentally, because the value of the velocity head has a complex character of formation and behavior between the blade itself and the rotating rotor-cylinder. In addition, the blade itself is in rotation mode, which means that the angle of attack of the incoming flow is complex.

The principle of operation of the device

The principle of operation of the device in a power plant based on the use of the Magnus effect is as follows.

When the electric motor is turned on (not shown in the drawings), its rotation is transmitted to the main bevel gear of the rotor-cylinder (4) or to the driven gears of the rotor shaft drives (2). The drive gear drives the driven gears with the shafts (2) of the rotors-cylinders. When spinning the rotor-cylinders, the Magnus effect occurs.

Fundamentally, the effect itself consists in the fact that when a flow around a rotating rotor-cylinder (4) occurs, a pressure difference (if you look at the diagram) above and below the rotor-cylinder. This is due to the fact that the incident flow, which coincides with the direction of rotation of the rotor-cylinder, is superimposed on the laminar layer of air on the rotor-cylinder itself. In this case, the flow rate and the rotational speed of the rotor-cylinder are added, that is, the total flow velocity of the rotor-cylinder increases. The reverse is the opposite.

As a result of this, an upward force arises, i.e. in the area of less pressure. This, in turn, drives the wind wheel.

The torque created by the untwisted rotor-cylinder gives the torque an order of magnitude greater than the blade of a conventional screw. Moreover, a change in the surface shape of a rotating rotor-cylinder gives an increase in the efficiency of the wind wheel on the Magnus effect by several times.

Claims (5)

1. The device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect, containing a wind wheel with a horizontal shaft, radial blades in the form of rotors-cylinders, drives for rotating rotors-cylinders and an electric generator, an electric drive motor of rotors-cylinders, characterized in that they are additionally installed along each the rotor cylinder, the blade of the front flow divider and / or the blade of the flow seal, and / or the jet blade, and / or the blade of the braking of the flow, made in relation to the rotor cylinder itself not less than 8 are fixed and / or along the circumference of the cylinder along the height of each rotor-cylinder. 2. The device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed blades are fixed from the root side directly to the front of the rotating fairing of the wind turbine. 3. The device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the end parts of the blades are fixed and fixed in the landing lodges between the two plates. 4. The device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that special slots are made in the flow seal and / or reactive blade and / or the inlet flow braking blade with the possibility of suctioning an additional portion of air, or prevent the earlier occurrence of a zone of stall air flow. 5. The device of the rotor-cylinder in a wind turbine based on the Magnus effect according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses are made having a parabolic shape.