RU64456U1 - FIBER OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to communication technology and can be used to organize the exchange of digital information in automated data exchange systems via fiber-optic channels, for example, in on-board facilities. Improving the reliability of data exchange and reducing information loss during the exchange is ensured by the introduction of additional, redundant controllers, switches and processors, with each of the last two nodes connected to similar nodes by two-way communication on the principle of "each with each".

Description

The utility model relates to communication technology and can be used to organize the exchange of digital information in automated data exchange systems via fiber-optic channels, for example, in on-board facilities.

Known annular fiber-optic information transmission system (VOSPI), containing N transceiver stations and the main fiber [1]. Each of the N transceiver stations is made in the form of N resonant optical rings, N control electrodes, N optical transceiver blocks, a receive register, a transmit register, a control register, and a terminal. In the ring FOSEP, information is transmitted on several optical carriers, the number of which is not less than the number of terminals in the system. Ring FULLY works in two modes. In the first mode, the stations are in a standby state of signals from the trunk fiber. In the second mode, the operation of receiving and transmitting signals for the exchange of information between stations and terminals is provided.

The disadvantages of this system include the low reliability of the resonant optical rings under mechanical and climatic conditions.

Known methods for improving the reliability of equipment due to redundancy of equipment, for example, in an on-board digital communication system that provides data exchange between flight-navigation systems of an integrated complex of on-board equipment (IKBO) [2]. IKBO provides both hardware and functional redundancy of systems, including wired communication lines. Each system has double hot standby. Reservation is implemented on the basis of agreed “Protocols for the information interaction of systems” in strict accordance with international regulatory documents (ARINC, DO, ED, SITA / ARINC documents and others).

The disadvantages of this system include:

- low noise immunity of wired communication channels from electromagnetic radiation of on-board sources of powerful interference (radio stations, key power sources, radar and others);

- the lack of the possibility of increasing the functions of on-board systems due to restrictions on the throughput of on-board wired communication channels;

- low speed of information transfer through wired communication channels due to the characteristics of their amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics.

A device is known that contains N stations interconnected via optical transceivers connected by respective optical fibers to optical switches, control buses, address buses, blocks of AND elements, blocks of OR elements, AND elements, OR elements, decoders, triggers, inverters, forming unit signal end information exchange [3].

The disadvantages of the device include the fact that it determines the direction in which the requested station is located and when sending an optical signal in this direction, the transmission and reception of messages for other stations is blocked at this time.

Closest to the claimed model is a fiber-optic communication system containing a distribution station (PC) connected to N transceiver subscriber stations (systems) (AC) via fiber-optic communication lines [4]. The distribution station is made of N circuits according to the number of subscriber stations. Each circuit contains a request signal analyzer, an optical coupler, a photodetector, a switch, a Stop signal decoder, a request signal decoder, an OR element, a single vibrator, an optical transmitter, an optical adder, an Emergency Reset signal generator, an optical switch. The output of the corresponding speaker through the corresponding FOCL is connected to the corresponding input of the PC. The corresponding PC output through the corresponding FOCL is connected to the input of the corresponding AC. PC is made in the form of N circuits and a request signal analyzer. Each circuit, for example the first, consists of a series-connected optical coupler, photodetector, switch. The outputs of the switch are connected respectively to the input of the stop signal decoder and the request signal decoder. The outputs of the latter are connected to the channel inputs of the request signal analyzer, the outputs of which are connected via a series-connected OR element, the one-shot and the optical transmitter are connected to the input of the optical adder. The output of the single-vibrator through the “emergency reset” signal conditioner is connected to the corresponding “reset” input of the request signal analyzer. Decoder output

the stop signal is connected to another input of the emergency reset signal former. The outputs of the request signal analyzer are connected to the control inputs of the optical switch. The signal input of the optical switch is connected to another output of the optical coupler, and the outputs of the optical switch are connected to the corresponding inputs of the N-1 optical adders. The nth output of the OR element is connected to another input of the switch. The output of each optical adder is the corresponding output of the PC. The input of each optical coupler is the corresponding input of the PC. The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- the prototype is designed to work only with N transceiver subscriber stations (systems) without redundancy;

- the speed of information exchange is reduced due to the blocking of requests that come into conflict with requests previously accepted for servicing for which service has not been completed. Therefore, there is a loss of transmitted information.

The main task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed is to increase the reliability of data exchange and reduce information loss during the exchange process.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fiber optic communication system containing a distribution station (PC), N main transceiver units and fiber optic cables (FOC), and the distribution station consists of N circuits according to the number of transceiver units, a switch, and each circuit contains a photodetector of a distribution station, a signal decoder, an optical transmitter of a distribution station, (n-1) · N redundant transceiver units similar to the main one, (n-1) · N controllers, each of which connected by two-way communications with the corresponding transceiver unit and the optical transceiver, n redundant distribution stations, (n-1) · N optical transceivers, each of which consists of a photodetector and an optical transmitter connected respectively to an optical transmitter of the corresponding distribution station and a photodetector of the corresponding distribution station via two corresponding woks, an encoder is added to each of the N circuits, the input of which is connected to one of the N outputs in the switch, and an output - to the input of the distributor corresponding optical transmitter

stations, and each of n distribution stations has a processor whose control output is connected to the (N + 1) -y control input of the switch, and the first input / output - by two-way communications, respectively, to the input / output of the switch, the second inputs / outputs of each processor each of n distribution stations are interconnected by two-way interprocessor communications on a one-to-one basis, the inputs / outputs of each of n switches are interconnected by two-way inter-processor communications on a one-to-one basis, (n-1) - the number of redundant switches, while the output of the photodetector of the corresponding distribution station through a signal decoder is connected to the corresponding control input of the switch, as well as to one of the N data inputs of the switch.

The figure shows the structural diagram and the notation:

1 - N main transceiver blocks;

2 - (n-1) -N redundant transceiver blocks;

3 - controller;

4 - an optical transceiver, consisting of a photodetector 8 and an optical transmitter 7;

5 - fiber optic cables (FOC);

6 - one of the circuits of the distribution station 18;

7 - optical transmitter;

8 - photodetector;

9 - signal decoder;

10 - encoder;

11 - N inputs of the data switch;

12 - switch;

13 - processor;

14 - control output of the processor 13;

15 - the first input / output of the processor 13;

16 - the second input / output of the processor 13 for two-way interprocess communication according to the principle of "each with each";

17 - input / output of the switch 12 for two-way inter-switch communication according to the principle of "each with each".

Fiber optic communication system, hereinafter referred to as the system, works as follows.

The system exchanges data between the main equivalent n transceiver blocks 1 of the object, for example, between the information and control subsystem of the aircraft and its other auxiliary (N-1) subsystems, as well as between all N blocks 1 according to the “each with each” principle. All N blocks of 1 object have n-fold redundancy to increase operational reliability. Therefore, one of the N blocks 1 is classified as primary, and the rest as backup.

With a healthy state of all N blocks 1, data exchange between them is provided in the following order. The information message generated in block 1 or 2 is sent to the corresponding controller 3. In controller 3, the service part is added to the information, for example, the address of the message recipient, the address of the information source, and other data. Then, the video pulses from the output of the controller 3 in the optical transmitter 7 of the optical transceiver 4 are converted into optical signals and transmitted via the FOC 5 to the photodetector 8 of one of the N circuits 6 of the distribution station 18. In the photodetector 8, the optical signals are converted to video pulses that are simultaneously transmitted to the signal decoder 9 , information inputs 11 of the switch 12 and the processor 13. In the signal decoder 9, depending on the address of the message recipient, a corresponding command is generated, which is fed to one of N control x input switch 12. This command determines the path of the messages in the switch 12 and its output, which will be filmed message. From the output of the switch 12, the message is converted in the encoder 10 of the corresponding circuit 6. Then, the video pulses from the output of the encoder 10 are converted into optical signals in the optical transmitter 7 of one of the N circuits 6 of the distribution station 18 and are fed to the photodetector 8 of the optical transceiver 4 in the photodetector 8. In the photodetector 8 optical transceiver 4, the optical signals are converted into video pulses that are fed to the input of the controller 3. In the controller 3 messages are checked, for example, for reliability, correctness of data addressing and and other operations are carried out with them. After processing in the controller 3, the messages are received on the corresponding transceiver unit 1. Depending on the type of message, information can be received simultaneously on several transceiver units 1.

High speed of information exchange (Gbit / s), low (optimized for the system in a given object) make it possible to virtually eliminate data overlapping in switch 12 from several transceiver blocks 1. But, if information messages are generated simultaneously in several blocks 1, then to eliminate collisions and related loss of information, the switch 12 is controlled by the processor 13. For a time equal to the duration of such messages, the switch 12 is blocked. These messages are recorded in the processor 13 and processed to determine their degree of priority (importance). The most priority message from the first input / output 15 of the processor 13 in the presence of a command on the output 14 of the control of the processor 13 through the switch 12, the encoder 10 connected in series, the optical transmitter 7 of one of the N circuits 6 of the distribution station 18, wok 5, the photodetector 8 of the optical transceiver 4, the controller 3 is fed to the corresponding transceiver unit 1. After performing this operation, similarly, but to a different address, a lower priority message is transmitted.

In order to increase the reliability of data exchange, reduce information loss during the exchange and keep the information circulating between units 1, all n processors 13 are interconnected via second inputs / outputs 16 of the processors 13 with two-way interprocessor communications according to the “each with each” principle. This ensures the reliability of information storage, the operational replacement of a failed processor 13. Similarly, to achieve the above goals, two-way communications through the inputs / outputs 17 of the switches 12 are combined and the switches 12.

In the switch 12, operations are performed that allow you to control the resources and behavior of the entire object at the level of the transceiver blocks 1. The functionalities provided by the switch 12 are universal, and therefore this function is constantly included in the operating system level of the processor 13, which, in its The queue provides:

- monitoring the state of health of the system to detect the place of occurrence of malfunctions;

- identification of malfunctions and their automatic elimination for identification, localization and fixing of any malfunctions that occur during operation, as well as data recording in order to perform maintenance;

- control of the system configuration for initializing and shutting down the system, as well as for performing reconfiguration upon receipt of instructions to change the operating mode or in the event of a malfunction;

- ensuring the security of the system to maintain data integrity, their suitability for work and maintaining the confidentiality of data marked as protected.

The reconfiguration data generated by the controllers 3 in conjunction with the processor 13 during operation (for example, address, determination of the type of operation, routing information, fault data, and others) are necessary for configuring and managing system resources. The system configuration is described by states and transitions between them. The configuration state is characterized as each steady state of a system node. Ultimately, it is the data that is executed during the reconfiguration that describes these states and the transitions between them. These data include:

- configuration status;

- the need for transition - the sequence of actions that will be performed in order to transfer the corresponding system node from one configuration state to another state;

- a description of the configuration elements of the components;

- a description of the malfunctions, methods for their elimination and corrective actions for their correction;

- management strategy to ensure the security of the system.

The processor database 13 contains a detailed definition of the hardware architecture of the system. At the level of support for the functioning of the processor 13 contains a detailed description of the used system equipment and provides universal, technology-independent access to the resources of the controllers 3 connected to the transceiver units 1.

The operating system of the processor 13 provides the following service functions:

- virtual channels between the i-th transmit-receive units 1;

- synchronization;

- control through series-connected elements 12, 10, 7, 5, 4 and 3 of the operation of the controllers 3 connected to the transceiver units 1;

- formation of messages about the occurrence of malfunctions;

- processing of received and transmitted files;

- management of nutrition modes.

Thus, the processor 13 constantly establishes the means necessary to connect the applications to the transceiver units 1, and thereby allow them to share all the system properties provided by the software architecture.

The software architecture of the processor 13 provides virtual channel support to ensure all communication lines between the transceiver units 1. Since all interactions between the processor 13 and the transceiver units 1 are limited by the logical interface of the i-th controller 3, all service functions are provided exclusively by the operating system CPU 13:

- to use virtual channels and reconfiguration data, access to files contained in the database array;

- to increase the level of modularity, interchangeability and the possibility of reuse of application functions;

- to provide simple and transparent communication together with providing resources;

- to provide reference (global) timestamps for specific modules, the entire system as a whole;

- to control the operation of small software modules, prioritize the data processing process and support the implementation of multi-threaded algorithms.

The processor 13 is necessary to perform the functions of the installation of the system, its initialization and monitoring the functioning of units 1 in accordance with the supported configuration. In the database of the processor 13 is stored specific for a given point in time reconfiguration data.

Redundant processors 13 were introduced into the system to duplicate service functions, since operations of context switching functions, scheduling operations, and managing access rights have to be dealt with within the boundaries of the operating system used.

The operating system organizes the addressing of interactions between various transceiver units 1 and processor 13. It determines the necessary aspects of the interaction and the protocols necessary to ensure

interchangeability with each other of blocks 1, and providing access to localized archive files of the database array.

The switching functions from the faulty unit 1 to the operational one and synchronization are provided by the processor 13 using virtual channels. Since the algorithms designed to process configurations and evaluate problems that occur in blocks 1 are of a nature that depends on the object the system is part of, the processor 13 is assigned the following functions:

- a change in logical configurations is provided by the application functions of the processor 13 or requested by the corresponding controller 3;

- the alarm about the occurrence of malfunctions in blocks 1 requires a certain reaction from the processor 13.

The operating system of the processor 13 determines the methods of logical interaction between terminal devices in such a way as to satisfy the requirements of ensuring their interchangeability. It provides the ability to interchange modules.

Service functions of the operating system of the processor 13 are divided into the following groups:

- the service functions of the controller 3 are necessary in order to provide the opportunity to obtain information about the status of this unit 1, for example, according to the test results;

- the service functions of the processor 13 provide means for transmitting configuration data from the database array over the network to all processors 13, distributing the reference time values and providing synchronization between the controllers 3.

Virtual channels, which are means of communication based on messages between processes that are independent of the state of the system. The system configuration in dynamics is determined by information about the current state, which is processed in the processor 13.

The flexible properties of the system provide the ability to use various configurations depending on available resources or required functionality. The transition process between such configurations is known as system reconfiguration.

System configurations / reconfigurations may result from:

- changes in system mode;

- elimination of failures;

- maintenance activities;

- system initialization and shutdown.

The state of the various nodes is constantly determined in the system to ensure that messages are routed along the correct route.

For VOK 5, depending on the system installation object, the following are determined: design [4], interface of the module connector, optical fiber geometry and operation mode (multimode or single mode), which is determined by the size of the internal fiber, the width of the signal spectrum and the distribution profile of the refractive index, and the optical sensitivity inputs, output optical powers and maximum reflection losses.

Blocks 1-9 in purpose and structure are the same with the prototype. They can be implemented on known serial elements and components. The introduced blocks 10, 12, 13, 18 can be implemented on known microcircuits and serial equipment. The functions of blocks 10, 12 can be performed programmatically using a Octagon microPC computer or the like. The processor 13 can be implemented on this computer. Most of the operations performed by the operating system of the processor 13 are similar to those performed in the AFDX switch [5].

The advantages of the claimed system include:

- improving the reliability of data exchange is ensured by redundant equipment nodes that ensure the transmission of messages between system units;

- reduction of information losses in the system is ensured through the use of interprocessor and inter-commutator data exchange processes;

- high speed of information exchange (Gbit / s), short (optimized for the system in a given object) switching time allows you to virtually eliminate the overlap of data in the switch 12 from several transceiver units 1.

LITERATURE:

1. AC No. 1510689 M. cl. HB04 9/00. BI No. 41, 1992.

2. B.I. Kuzmin, Digital Telecommunication Networks and Systems, Part 1, ICAO CNS / ATM Concept. Moscow - St. Petersburg: - NIIER OJSC, 1999. - 206 p.

3. AS of the USSR No. 1688427 M. cl. Н04В 10/00. BI No. 40 1991.

4. AS of the USSR No. 1823141 M. cl. HB04 10/20. BI No. 23 1993 (prototype).

5. CES White Paper on AFDX. DOC 8854 \ W Version 1 / 0b, 2005, 20 C.

Claims (1)

A fiber optic communication system comprising a distribution station (PC), N main transceiver units and fiber optic cables (FOC), the distribution station consisting of N circuits in the number of transceiver units, a switch, and each circuit contains a photodetector of the distribution station, a signal decoder , an optical transmitter of a distribution station, characterized in that (n-1) · N redundant transceiver units are introduced into it, similar to the main, (n-1) · N controllers, each of which is connected by a two-way and communications with the corresponding transceiver unit and the optical transceiver, n redundant distribution stations, (n-1) · N optical transceivers, each of which consists of a photodetector and an optical transmitter connected respectively to an optical transmitter of the corresponding distribution station and a photodetector of the corresponding distribution station via two corresponding woks, an encoder is added to each of the N circuits, the input of which is connected to one of the N outputs of the switch, and the output is to the input of the corresponding optical transmitter of the distribution station, and a processor is inserted into each of the n distribution stations, the control output of which is connected to the (N + 1) -y control input of the switch, and the first input / output - by two-way communications, respectively, to the input / output of the switch, the second the inputs / outputs of each of the processors of each of the n distribution stations are interconnected by two-way interprocessor communications according to the principle “each with each”, the inputs / outputs of each of the n switches are interconnected in two by external interconnect communications according to the “each with each” principle, (n-1) is the number of redundant switches, while the output of the photodetector of the corresponding distribution station through a signal decoder is connected to the corresponding control input of the switch, as well as to one of the N data inputs of the switch.