RU64352U1 - COMPLEX OF MEASUREMENT OF COMPONENTIAL MASS CONSUMPTION OF THREE-COMPONENT GAS-LIQUID FLOW OF OIL WELLS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model can be used in the oil industry, for example, to control the flow rate of oil wells. The proposed complex includes a high-frequency probe containing two high-frequency resonators coaxially mounted on the dielectric tube, each of which is a short-circuited zigzag conductor, equipped with two mutually orthogonal I / O, a limiting coil and a limiting-separation coil, Coriolis flowmeter with electronic flow converters and density, pressure sensor and temperature sensor, computing and control unit, controlled by a high-frequency gene a radiator, a controlled switch, a controller for gas-liquid flow, the first and second calibration controllers of the Coriolis flowmeter, two input amplifiers, as well as four transmission paths and eight isolation capacitors. The utility model makes it possible to measure the relative volumetric content of its components in two mutually orthogonal directions based on the method of radio-frequency RF sounding of a controlled stream in two mutually orthogonal directions, on the basis of the method of autocorrelation velocity measurement, determine the speed of a controlled stream and, using a Coriolis flowmeter, electronic flow and density transducers and calibration controllers , measure the mass flow rate and density of the controlled medium. The totality of the data on the relative volume content of the components of the stream, its speed, mass flow rate and density of the controlled medium allows to obtain reliable information on the component-wise mass flow rate of the gas-liquid stream in the computing and control unit of the proposed complex. To increase the accuracy of the information received in the mode controller, the analysis of the actual flow regime of the controlled medium is carried out, which makes it possible to reliably determine the component-by-mass flow rate even with a substantially unsteady flow, and the mutually orthogonal flow sensing method used in the complex increases the accuracy

measurements. The controllers of the proposed complex caliber allow, taking into account the information received from the mode controller on the actual mode of the controlled flow, from the calibration arrays stored in the memory of each of these controllers the calibration of the Coriolis flowmeter that corresponds to this mode. The choice of reliable calibration makes it possible to make accurate measurements of the mass flow rate and density of the controlled medium even with a substantially unsteady flow of an inhomogeneous gas-liquid flow. The set of reliable data on the flow regime, velocity, mass flow rate, density, pressure and temperature of the gas-liquid flow obtained in the computing and control unit of the proposed complex allows accurate and reliable calculation of the component-wise mass flow rate of the controlled medium and transfer of the received information to external interacting systems.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to measuring equipment and can be used in the oil industry, for example, to control the flow rate of oil wells.

A known system for measuring the component flow rate of a multiphase flow of oil wells containing oil, gas and water (see RF patent No. 2270981, IPC G01F 15/08, G01F 1/74, G01F 1/84, E21B 47/10).

This system contains a separator that provides separation of the gas and liquid components of the controlled flow, as well as mass flow measurement devices and other component parameters, including a microwave moisture meter that determines the water content in the liquid component by radio wave sensing.

The disadvantage of this system is the impossibility of determining the component composition of a multiphase flow without prior separation: mechanical separation into gas and liquid fractions.

Also known are systems for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid stream, comprising a controlled microwave generator, a probe unit with antennas and a computer control unit (see RF patent No. 2063615, IPC G01F 1/56, RF patent No. 43068, IPC G01F 1/74 and RF patent No. 2275604, IPC G01F 1/74). These systems do not require separation of the gas-liquid stream, however, they have another drawback: the impossibility of reliable radio-wave sounding of the controlled stream in the presence of salt water in it. This disadvantage is due to the attenuation of microwave radio emission of the sounding unit of known systems in substantially conductive salt water. Since the content of salts dissolved in the well water is tens of grams per liter, the well water has high electrical conductivity, which makes it virtually opaque to microwave radiation and does not allow reliable monitoring of the water content.

The known device for measuring the component flow rate of a multicomponent gas-liquid-solid separate flow is free from this drawback (see the description of the application for invention of the Russian Federation No. 2002100228, IPC G01F 1/00, G01F 5/00, the second version of the product shown in Figure 2), and the measurement complex the component flow rate of the three-component gas-liquid flow of oil wells (see RF patent for utility model No. 59814, IPC G01F 1/00, G01F 5/00, ЕВВ 47/10).

Each of the known devices includes two coaxially arranged high-frequency resonators made in the form of short-circuited zigzag conductors, as well as a computer-control unit, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a controlled RF generator and transmission paths, each of which contains an amplifier connected in series , amplitude detector and analog-to-digital converter. In the known device and complex, the measurement of the volume component flow rate is carried out by the autocorrelation method by sensing a controlled gas-liquid flow by high-frequency resonators with a radiation frequency specified by a controlled high-frequency generator.

The calculation of the mass component flow rate is carried out in an indirect way in the computing and control unit based on information about the volume flow rate of the controlled medium, taking into account the signals about its pressure and temperature generated by pressure and temperature sensors.

Since in relation to the high-frequency radiation, the flow of the well fluid is practically radiolucent, these systems make it possible to accurately control the average velocity and volumetric flow rate of the well fluid even when it contains salt water.

However, a prerequisite for the operation of known systems is the presence in the controlled flow of significant fluctuations in its component composition, for example, the presence of pronounced gas bubbles. In the absence of such fluctuations, the autocorrelation method is inoperative and these systems cease to function.

The specified disadvantage is eliminated in the known system for measuring the component mass flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow

oil wells (see the description of the application for the invention of the Russian Federation No. 2002100228, IPC G01F 1/00, G01F 5/00, the third version of the product shown in Figure 3).

This system is the closest to the proposed utility model in terms of technical nature and the achieved result and is taken as the closest analogue (prototype). The composition of the known system includes a high-frequency resonator made in the form of a short-circuited zigzag conductor having the shape of a rectangular meander located on a dielectric pipe installed in a pipe section, a controlled high-frequency generator, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, a common flow meter installed in series with a high-frequency resonator and equipped with an electronic flow transducer, as well as a computing and control device and a transmission path representing sequentially interconnected amplifier, detector and analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

The known system is based on two measurement methods: the method of measuring the component composition of the controlled flow in fractions of the total volume, followed by correction of the received information on pressure and temperature, and the method of measuring the total volume flow of the controlled flow. The measurement of the component composition of the flow in fractions of the volume is based on the use of the method of high-frequency radio wave sounding of a controlled medium using a high-frequency resonator; In this method, the informative parameters of the output signal about the component-wise composition of the flow in fractions of the volume are the absorption parameters of the high-frequency electromagnetic field of the resonator at the resonant frequencies, controlled by the medium.

The determination of the component composition of the flow in mass fractions is based on the use of information from the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor of the controlled medium, which allows, in an indirect way, using reference data on the nominal density values of each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow: oil, water and gas, to convert volume fractions into mass ones.

The measurement of the total volumetric flow rate of the controlled flow in the known system is carried out using a mechanical meter "metered movement" or an ultrasonic flow meter equipped with an electronic transducer that generates an electrical output signal about the total volumetric

controlled flow rate.

The open cylindrical high-frequency resonator of this system is a short-circuited zigzag conductor equipped with a separate input and a separate output of high-frequency signals, and the output of the high-frequency resonator of the known system is connected to one of the inputs of the computer-control unit through the transmission path, and the input of this high-frequency resonator is connected to the output of the controlled high-frequency generator through the input amplifier, while the input and output of the high-frequency resonator is connected Nena each to one of two distinct, diametrically oppositely arranged outlets shorted zigzag conductor lying in one transverse plane.

Due to the fact that the known system uses a high-frequency signal as a probing radio wave signal, it makes it possible to probe a gas-liquid stream at a relatively low frequency compared to microwave radiation, which makes it possible to reliably control the volume content of gas-liquid stream components even if it contains salt water.

However, the disadvantage of this system is the high error of measuring the relative content of gas-liquid flow components in fractions of the mass, caused, firstly, by using the indirect method of measuring the mass content of these components, based on the temperature and pressure of the controlled medium and, secondly, by the presence of an additional error radio wave measurements arising from a substantially unsteady flow of a controlled stream.

The error of the indirect method for measuring the mass content of components arises in connection with the difference in the memory of the computer-control device of the known system of nominal reference values of the density of the components of the gas-liquid flow: oil, water and gas from the actual density values of each of these components. Actual density values may vary significantly from nominal values. So, for example, the density of well water, depending on its salinity, varies from 1 to 1.2 g / cm ³ , which cannot be taken into account in the known system, since the weekend

the signals of the radio wave sensor and the total flow meter included in the known system depend not on the mass and not on the mass flow of the components, but on their volume and volumetric flow.

The component composition and speed of the gas-liquid flow of oil wells at an unsteady flow characteristic of their work quickly and randomly change in time, as a result of which the additional error of radio wave measurements caused by the “lag” in the speed of the algorithmic processing of the results of autocorrelation data in the computing-control device of a known system from the rate of change information on the component composition of the gas-liquid flow can reach significant values.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to create a measuring complex capable of measuring the mass flow rate of individual components (oil, water, gas) of an oil well stream.

The technical result achieved is an increase in the reliability and accuracy of the measurements of the component-wise mass flow rate of the gas-liquid stream.

To solve the problem, a complex for measuring the component-by-unit mass flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow of oil wells, which includes the first high-frequency resonator, which is a short-circuited conductor having the shape of a rectangular square wave, placed on the outer cylindrical surface of the dielectric pipe, located inside the tubular metal body coaxially with it, the flowmeter installed in series with the first high-frequency resonator and equipped with an electric a flow transducer, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed in a dielectric tube, a computing and control unit, a controlled high-frequency generator, a first input amplifier, and a transmission path, consisting of an amplifier connected in series with each other, the input of which serves as the input of this path, an amplitude detector and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which serves as the output of this path, and the output of the pressure sensor and the output of the temperature sensor are each connected to a corresponding computationally-conductive input control unit, the first high-frequency resonator is connected via a first input to the output amplifier frequency generator controlled, and through the transmission

the path to the corresponding input of the computing and control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the controlled high-frequency generator, is supplemented with new elements and connections.

In accordance with the utility model, the proposed complex is supplemented by a second high-frequency resonator mounted coaxially with the first high-frequency resonator on said dielectric tube inside said housing, each of the said high-frequency resonators is equipped with two I / O: a first input-output and a second input-output located in diametrical mutually perpendicular planes.

As the flowmeter in the proposed complex, a mass Coriolis flowmeter is used, equipped with an electronic flow transducer and an electronic density transducer.

In addition, three controllers are additionally introduced into the proposed complex: a mode controller for determining the gas-liquid flow mode, a first calibration controller for calibrating the Coriolis flowmeter signals about the mass flow of the controlled medium, and a second calibration controller for calibrating the Coriolis flowmeter signals about the density of the controlled medium, as well as three transmission paths identical to the mentioned transmission path, four input and four outputs of separation capacitors, a second input amplifier and a managed switch equipped with two outputs, one of which is connected to the input of the first input amplifier, and the second to the input of the second input amplifier, while the input of the managed switch is connected to the output of the controlled high-frequency generator, and the control input of the aforementioned the switch is connected to the corresponding output of the computing and control unit.

Each first and every second input-output of each of the high-frequency resonators of the proposed complex is connected through one of the output isolation capacitors to the input of one of the transmission paths, the output of which is connected to the corresponding input of the computer-control unit and to one of the inputs of the mode controller, the output of which is connected to one of the inputs of the first calibration controller, to one of the inputs of the second calibration controller and to the corresponding input of the computing-control unit.

Another input of each of these calibration controllers is connected to the output of one of the electronic transducers: the input of the first calibration controller is connected to the output of the electronic flow transducer, and the input of the second calibration controller is connected to the output of the electronic density transducer, while the output of the pressure sensor and the output of the temperature sensor are additionally connected each to one of the corresponding inputs of the mode controller.

In addition, each of the first I / O of each of the high-frequency resonators is connected through the input dividing capacitor to its output to the output of the first input amplifier, and each of the second I / O of each of the high-frequency resonators is connected through the corresponding input dividing capacitor to the output of the second input amplifier.

At the end sections of the dielectric tube, a short-circuited limiting coil (hereinafter referred to as a limiting coil) is installed, and a short-circuited limiting-separation coil (hereinafter referred to as a limiting-separation coil) is installed between the high-frequency resonators, while the cross section of the limiting coil, the cross section of the limiting -dividing coil and the cross section of the short-circuited conductor of each of the above high-frequency resonators has a rectangular form.

To ensure maximum quality factor of each high-frequency resonator and to reduce inter-turn electrical capacitive connections between parallel sections of a short-circuited conductor, the following relationships between the sizes of a short-circuited conductor, a limiting coil and a limiting-dividing coil are established in the proposed system:

The thickness of the cross section b of the short-circuited conductor, the limiting coil and the limiting-dividing coil is determined by the inequality

where

K is the dimensional coefficient of proportionality;

F _max - the upper limit of the signal frequency at the output of a controlled high-frequency generator.

The cross-sectional width of the short-circuited conductor of the high-frequency resonator is equal to the distance between its two adjacent parallel sections along the longitudinal axis

a = d, where

a is the width of the cross section of a short-circuited conductor of a high-frequency resonator;

d is the distance between adjacent parallel sections of the short-circuited conductor of the high-frequency resonator, directed along the longitudinal axis, and is limited by the double inequality

10b≥a≥5b, where

b is the thickness of the cross section of a short-circuited conductor.

The cross-sectional width of the boundary-dividing coil is not less than two times the width of the cross-section of the bounding coil, which is not less than the cross-sectional width of the short-circuited conductor:

a ₂ ≥2a ₁ ,

a ₁ ≥a, where

a is the width of the cross section of a short-circuited conductor;

a ₁ is the width of the cross section of the bounding coil;

and ₂ is the width of the cross section of the restrictive-separation coil.

The proposed complex includes the following main blocks: a high-frequency probe, a flowmeter, which is used as a Coriolis mass flowmeter, and an electronic measuring and computing device.

The essence of the utility model is explained in more detail in the example below and is illustrated by the Figures in which:

In Fig.1 is a functional diagram of the proposed complex, Fig.2 is a scan of high-frequency resonators, Fig.3 is a cross section of a short-circuited conductor, Fig.4 is a cross section of a high-frequency resonator, and Fig.5 is a structural diagram of a transmitting path.

The following notation is introduced in the Figures:

1 - housing, 2 - first resonator, 3 - second resonator, 4 - first resonator input-output, 5 - second resonator input-output, 6 - dielectric tube, 7 - centering lock, 8 - outer o-ring, 9 - inner o-ring ring, 10 - restrictive coil, 11 - restrictive-separation coil, 12 - dielectric sleeve, 13 - dielectric substrate worn on the pipe 6 (hereinafter - dielectric substrate), 14 - pressure sensor, 15 - temperature sensor, 16 - Coriolis flow meter, 17 - electronic signal converter mass r the descent of the controlled medium (hereinafter referred to as the flow transducer), 18 is the electronic signal transducer of the density of the controlled medium (hereinafter referred to as the density transducer), 19 is a fastener, 20 is a gasket, 21 is a computer-control unit, 22 is a controlled high-frequency generator , 23 - managed switch, 24 - mode controller, 25 - first calibration controller, 26 - second calibration controller, 27 - first input amplifier, 28 - second input amplifier, 29 - first transmission path, 30 - second transmission path, 31 - output amplifier, 32 - amplitude detector, 33 - analog-to-digital converter, 34 - the input decoupling capacitor, 35 - output decoupling capacitor, 36 - external systems.

The high-frequency probe contains a housing 1, which is a segment of a metal pipe with flanges at its ends, one of which is designed to connect the housing 1 to the external oil pipeline, and the other to the flange of the Coriolis flowmeter 16, and two open cylindrical high-frequency resonators: the first resonator 2 and the second the resonator 3 mounted inside the housing 1 is aligned with it. Each of these resonators is a short-circuited zigzag conductor having the shape of a rectangular meander placed on the cylindrical surface of the dielectric tube 6.

The first input-output 4 is connected to one of the points of the short-circuited conductor of each of the resonators 2, 3, and the second input-output 5 is connected to the other point of the same conductor. Moreover, for each resonator the connection points of the first input-output 4 and the connection point of the second input- pin 5 lie in diametrical mutually perpendicular planes. Moreover, these points 4, 5 can be located either on opposite ends of each of the resonators

2, 3, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, or can be located on the same end of the corresponding resonator 2, 3.

Resonators 2, 3 are located on the outer cylindrical surface of a common dielectric pipe 6, axisymmetrically mounted inside the housing 1 using two end-centering clamps 7, each of which is equipped with two o-rings: an outer o-ring 8 and an inner o-ring 9.

In addition to the resonators 2, 3, metal short-circuited coils are installed on the outer surface of the dielectric tube 6: a restrictive-separation coil 11 and two restrictive coils 10, one of the limiting coils 10 mounted on the side of the outer end of the first resonator 2, and the other on the side of the outer end of the second resonator 3, and the restrictive-separation coil 11 is installed between the resonators.

Each of the first I / O 4 and the second I / O 5 of each of the resonators 2, 3 passes through its corresponding hole in the wall of the housing 1 and is isolated from the housing 1 by means of a dielectric sleeve 12. Dielectric bushings 12 and O-rings 8, 9 ensure tightness the internal gas-filled cavity of the high-frequency probe, limited by the housing 1, the dielectric tube 6 and the centering clips 7. Sealing the internal cavity makes it possible to avoid the effects of moist outside air on workers lementy resonators 2, 3, leading to a reduction in the Q factor.

The cross section of each of the short-circuited conductors of each of the resonators 2, 3 is a rectangle, and the scan of each such conductor has the shape of a rectangular meander (see Figure 2 and Figure 3); Electrotechnical copper may be selected as the material of the zigzag conductor.

The choice for a short-circuited conductor of rectangular cross section, the width of which significantly exceeds its thickness b:

a / b≫1,

makes it possible to significantly reduce the electrical capacitive coupling between adjacent parallel sections of this conductor and thereby significantly increase the quality factor of the resonator.

The thickness of the cross section b of the short-circuited conductor of each resonator is selected taking into account the depth of penetration of an electromagnetic wave with a frequency of F _max into the material of this conductor with specific conductivity σ:

where

b is the thickness of the cross section of a shorted conductor of the resonator;

C is the speed of light;

F _max - the upper limit of the frequency of excitation of the resonators in the high frequency range;

K - dimensional coefficient of proportionality:

, wherein

electrical conductivity σ can be chosen equal to the electrical conductivity of copper.

The width a of the cross section of the short-circuited conductor of each resonator from the conditions of mirror symmetry is equal to the distance d between two adjacent parallel sections of this conductor directed along the longitudinal axis OO (see FIG. 3):

a = d

and limited by empirically derived double inequality

10b≥a≥5b, where

b is the thickness of the cross section of a shorted conductor of the resonator;

and - the cross-sectional width of the short-circuited resonator conductor, providing in the entire RF range from the minimum value of F _min to the maximum value of F _max compromise condition for minimizing the electrical capacitive bonds between longitudinal parallel sections of the said conductor with a maximum density of the number of these sections on the outer surface of the dielectric pipe 6.

Restrictive and restrictive-separation coils 10 and 11, respectively, are used in the proposed complex with the aim of shielding the electromagnetic field of the resonators.

To clearly fix the boundaries of the electromagnetic field inside each of the resonators 2, 3, the cross-sectional width a _{1 of} each of the restriction coils 10 is chosen not less than the cross-sectional width of a short-circuited conductor, and the cross-sectional width a _{2 of the} restrictive-separation coil, from the conditions of symmetry, not less than twice the width a ₁ (see Figure 2):

a ₁ ≥a; and ₂ ≥2a ₁ .

Short-circuited coils of resonators, restrictive and restrictive-dividing coils are made by a method that ensures their mutual identity, for example, by photo-printing a scan pattern of a zigzag conductor of each of the resonators 2, 3 and each of the turns 10, 11 on a common resonator for all 2, 3 and turns 10 11 of the metal surface of the metal-foiled flexible dielectric substrate 13 with a width of 2πR (see FIG. 2). After the electrochemical treatment of the indicated metal surface, the dielectric substrate 13 with the sweeps of the zigzag conductors of the resonators 2, 3 and turns 10, 11 formed on it is installed with the dielectric layer inward onto the outer cylindrical surface of the dielectric pipe 6 and fixed to it, with the connection points n _{i of} each of the zigzag conductors each resonator 2, 3 and each of the turns 10, 11 are galvanically connected to their respective connection points m _i so that each of the points the connection thread n _i corresponded to only one connection point m _i , where i = 1, 2, ... 5 is the serial number of the connection point.

It should be noted that the location of the zigzag conductors of the resonators 2, 3 and turns 10, 11 on the common dielectric tube 6 inside the common housing 1 provides not only the axial symmetry of the resonators 2, 3, but also strict fixation of the distance L _o between the geometric centers of the first and the second resonators 2, 3, which is important, since the value of the center-to-center distance L _{o is} used in algorithms for calculating the speed W of the controlled flow as stored in the memory of the computing and control unit 21

constant base value, and the constancy of the value of L _o is a necessary condition for ensuring the accuracy of measurements.

It should also be noted that the replacement of a separate input and a separate output of the known system resonator with a single resonator input-output proposed in the claimed complex makes it possible to galvanically connect each of the first input-output 4 and each of the second input-output 5 to the corresponding resonator 2, 3 only at one point of its short-circuited conductor, which ensures complete mutual identity of the input and output impedances of each of the mentioned inputs / outputs.

For comparison, in the known system, the input impedance is inevitably different from the output, since each input and each output of each of the resonators of this system is galvanically connected to the corresponding short-circuited conductor at its two geometrically distinct points, which causes an additional measurement error.

A pressure sensor 14 and a temperature sensor 15 of the controlled medium are installed in the dielectric tube 6.

The flowmeter is a mass Coriolis flowmeter 16 containing a casing with flanges at its ends, one of which is designed to connect the casing to an external oil pipeline, and the other to the flange of the housing 1. The Coriolis flowmeter is equipped with two electronic transducers: an electronic flow transducer 17 and an electronic density transducer 18. The housing 1 and the Coriolis flowmeter 16 are interconnected by means of fasteners 19 through the sealing gasket 20.

The electronic measuring and computing device comprises a computing and control unit 21, a controlled high-frequency generator 22, a controlled switch 23, a mode controller 24, the first and second calibration controllers 25 and 26, respectively, the first and second input amplifiers 27 and 28, respectively, four input 34 and four output isolation capacitors 35, as well as two first transmission paths 29 and two second transmission paths 30, and each of these transmission paths includes sequentially connected interconnected output amplifier 31, the input of which serves as the input of this path, the amplitude detector 32 and analog

a digital converter 33, the output of which serves as the output of this path. If necessary, the proposed complex can interact with external systems 36.

Input isolation capacitors 34 and output isolation capacitors 35 are required to connect each of the first I / O 4 and each of the second I / O 5 of the resonators 2 and 3 to two functionally different circuits:

- through the input isolation capacitor 34 - to the excitation circuits of the resonators 2 or 3, each of which contains the first or second input amplifier 27 or 28, a controlled switch 23 and a controlled high-frequency generator 22,

- through the output isolation capacitor 35 - to the measuring and computing circuits, each of which contains one of the first or second transmission paths 29 or 30 and the computing and control unit 21.

In addition, each of the outputs of each of the transmission paths 29, 30 is connected to one of the corresponding inputs of the mode controller 24.

The output of the mode controller 24 is connected to the corresponding input of the computing and control unit 21 and, in addition, to one of the inputs of the first calibration controller 25, the other input of which is connected to the output of the electronic flow transducer 17. The output of the mode controller 24 is also connected to one of the inputs the second calibration controller 26, the other input of which is connected to the output of the electronic density transducer 18.

One of the outputs of the computing-control unit 21 is connected to the input of the controlled high-frequency generator 22, and the other output of this block is connected to the control input of the managed switch 23.

The managed switch 23 contains two outputs, the first of which is connected through the first input amplifier 27 to each of the first I / O 4 of the resonators 2 and 3 through one of the input isolation capacitors 34 corresponding to this first I / O, and the second output through the second input amplifier 28 connected to each of the second input-output 5 of the resonators 2 and 3 through one of the input isolation capacitors 34 corresponding to this second input-output.

The output of each of the pressure sensors 14 and temperature 15 is connected to one of the inputs of the mode controller 24, as well as to one of the inputs of the computing and control unit 21, which, if necessary, exchange information with external systems 36, interacts with them through the information exchange line.

The proposed complex for measuring the component mass flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow of oil wells works as follows.

If there is a controlled gas-liquid medium moving at a speed W in the dielectric tube 6 and the Coriolis flowmeter 16, a start command is sent to the computing-control unit 21, which arrives at this unit, for example, from external systems 36 via an information exchange highway.

The work of the computing-control unit consists of three sequentially performed stages: the first stage - the stage of determining the relative volume fractions V ₁ , V ₂ , V _{3 of} each of the three components of the controlled medium, the second stage - the stage of determining the speed W and component-wise volume flow Q ₁ , Q ₂ , Q _{3 of the} controlled environment, as well as the third stage - the stage of determining the component-wise mass flow rate Q _m1 , Q _m2 , Q _m3 .

At the beginning of the first stage, the computing-control unit 21 generates a start command received at the input of a controlled high-frequency generator 22.

In accordance with the adopted command, said generator generates a high-frequency signal with a frequency that varies smoothly over time, increasing in the RF range from the minimum value F _min to the maximum value F _max . The specified signal is necessary for the excitation of a high-frequency electromagnetic field in each of the resonators 2, 3 of the proposed complex, designed, firstly, to obtain information about the relative volume fractions V ₁ , V ₂ and V _{3 of} each of the three components of the controlled medium and, secondly , - to obtain information about the value of the speed W of the controlled flow.

In the first step of the first stage, the signal generated by the controlled high-frequency generator 22 is fed to the input of the managed switch 23 and

is transmitted from one of the outputs of this switch through the first input amplifier 27 to the first input-output 4 of the first resonator 2 through the input isolation capacitor 34 corresponding to this input-output and to the first input-output 4 of the second resonator 3 through the input isolation capacitor corresponding to this input-output 34, exciting in each of the resonators 2, 3 a high-frequency electromagnetic field with a frequency varying from F _min to F _max . Since in the dielectric tube 6 there is a three-component gas-liquid medium, each of the three components of which is characterized by certain values of the complex dielectric constant ε _j ^* and the complex electrical conductivity σ _j ^* , where j = 1, 2, 3 is the number of the medium component, when high-frequency electromagnetic field in each of the resonators 2, 3 will be absorbed by the medium controlled by the electromagnetic field energy at several resonant frequencies F _res1 , F _res3 and F _res3 , respectively.

Since the informative parameters of signals characterizing resonant absorption, such as, for example,

- the amplitudes of the output signals at the first, second and third resonant frequencies I _rez1 , I _rez2 and I _rez3 , respectively,

- the transmission coefficients of the signals at the first, second and third resonant frequencies D _pe1 , D _res2 and D _res3 , respectively, and

- resonant frequencies F _rez1 , F _rez2 , F _rez3 ,

significantly depend on the complex characteristics of the controlled medium ε ₁ ^* , ε ₂ ^* , ε ₃ ^* and σ ₁ ^* , σ ₂ ^* , σ ₃ ^* , each of the output signals of the first and second resonators 2 and 3, respectively, contains information about component composition of a gas-liquid stream.

These signals come from each of the first I / O 4 of the resonators 2, 3 through the output isolation capacitor 35 corresponding to this first I / O 4 and the first transmitting path 29 corresponding to this first I / O 4 to the first transmitting I / O 4 and the first transmitting path 29 input of the computing control unit 21 and the input of the mode controller 24.

In the second clock cycle of the first stage, the computing-control unit 21 generates a signal supplied to the control input of the managed switch 23

and causing the switching of the high-frequency signal of the controlled high-frequency generator 22 from the first output of the managed switch 23 to its second output, after which the above procedure is repeated when the direction of high-frequency sounding is changed by 90 °.

To change the direction of sensing, a high-frequency signal from the second output of the controlled switch 23 is supplied to each of the second input-output 5 of each of the resonators 2, 3 through the second input amplifier 28 and the input isolation capacitor 34 corresponding to this second input-output, exciting in the resonators 2 and 3 high-frequency electromagnetic field, the direction of the intensity vector of which is perpendicular to the original.

This makes it possible to refine the high-frequency sounding of the controlled medium in the direction orthogonal to the initial one and obtain significant additional information with respect to the initial information on the component composition of the non-axisymmetric gas-liquid flow.

The output signals, containing informative parameters depending on the component composition of the stream, are supplied from each of the second inputs / outputs 5 of each of the resonators 2, 3 through the output isolation capacitor 35 and the corresponding second transmission path 30 to the input, corresponding to this second input / output 5 the computing and control unit 21 and the input of the mode controller 24. In the mode controller 24, taking into account the signals about the values of pressure P and temperature T of the controlled medium coming from the outputs of the pressure and temperature sensors 14 and 15, respectively, is carried out a preliminary classification analysis informative parameters of the signals received from the first and second input-output 4 and 5 both resonators for two mutually orthogonal directions controlled flow sensing.

The purpose of this analysis is to prioritize the flow regimes of the controlled flow to one of the “steady” and “unsteady” modes, followed by the final selection of one of the sub-modes, for example, the sub-mode: “steady - oil”, “steady - water”, “steady - gas "," Steady-state - oil-water "," steady-state - oil-gas "," steady-state - gas-water "," steady-state - oil-water-gas ", or

“Transient - oil-water”, “transient - oil-gas”, etc. and generating a code signal corresponding to the selected sub mode. The generated code signal is sent from the output of the mode controller 24 to the corresponding input of the computing and control unit 21, in the memory of which from the group of algorithms "Component Control" an algorithm is selected that corresponds to the received submode code.

The processing in the computing-control unit 21 of information on the relative volume content of the components of the controlled environment is carried out in accordance with a specific algorithm corresponding to the actually established mode of the controlled flow, and therefore can be performed with high performance and minimal operating time of the block 21 at a computational speed that allows tracking in real time, rapid changes in incoming information corresponding to a substantially unsteady flow, and thereby eliminate the error caused by the delay in the algorithmic processing of measurement results with rapid changes in the nature of the flow.

In accordance with the selected specific algorithm, the informative signals coming from each of the first and from each of the second inputs and outputs 4 and 5 of the resonators 2, 3 are compared and analyzed in the computing and control unit 21, and the values of the relative volume fractions V ₁ , V ₂ are calculated and V _{3 of} each of the three components of the controlled environment.

In the second stage of operation of the computing and control unit 21, the speed W of the controlled flow is determined.

To determine the speed W of the controlled medium in the proposed complex, the autocorrelation method was chosen. Moreover, depending on the mode of the controlled flow detected by the controller 24, information on either the motion of the local inhomogeneity of the flow or the motion of the local feature of the flow can be used to determine the speed.

A local flow feature is understood to mean a local change in the properties of an almost uniform steady flow, such as, for example, local axial asymmetry of a flow, local screw swirl of a flow,

concentrated helicoid swirling of the flow, local turbulence, etc. changes.

In the first case, when the mode unsteady flow is determined by the mode controller 24, information on the motion of the local inhomogeneity of the flow is used to determine the speed. Moreover, the previously described informative signals arriving at the input of the computing and control unit 21 from the first inputs and outputs 4 and second inputs and outputs 5 of the first and second resonators 2 and 3 are continuously recorded in the memory of the indicated block in the form of time realizations of each of these signals.

As temporal implementations of informative signals of resonators 2 and 3, for example, the dependences of signal amplitudes on time t can be used: I _res1 (t), I _res2 (t), I _res3 (t) near the first, second and third resonance frequencies F _rez1 , F _rez2 , F _rez3 , respectively.

Taking into account the specific submode of a substantially unsteady flow defined by the mode controller 24, in the computing and control unit 21 from the group of algorithms “Speed control”, an algorithm is selected that corresponds to the code of this submode and, in accordance with the selected algorithm, the processing of the above time realizations of informative signals is performed formed in each of the resonators 2 and 3 and received at their inputs and outputs 4, 5.

After processing the time realizations, their mutual correlation function is determined and the time offset t of one of the implementations relative to the other is carried out, up to the maximum of the mutual correlation function.

When the maximum of the cross-correlation function is obtained in the process of bias of the indicated realizations in the computing and control unit 21, the travel time Δτ is determined by the stable fluctuation of the component composition of the controlled flow of the aforementioned center distance L _about the base length.

The speed W of the controlled medium is calculated in accordance with the expression

W = L _o / Δτ, where

L _o is the base length equal to the axial distance between the geometric centers of the first and second resonators 2 and 3, respectively.

The obtained value of the velocity W is used in the computing and control unit 21 to calculate the component-wise volumetric flows Q ₁ , Q ₂ , Q _{3 of} each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow.

In the second case, when the mode controller 24 detected the steady-state motion of a homogeneous flow, in which there are no local, pronounced fluctuations in the component composition in the controlled medium, the determination of the velocity W by the method described above is unreliable. In this mode, as a reliably detected flow feature in the proposed complex, not a local fluctuation of the component composition of the flow is used, but a local flow feature characterized by a significantly different ratio of the informative signals of resonators 2 and 3 obtained from mutually orthogonal radio-wave sounding of the controlled medium.

The method of mutually orthogonal sounding allows us to record not only the movement of local inhomogeneities, but also the movement of the local features of the controlled flow, which are not fundamentally detected during uniformly directed sounding.

When the controller 24 determines the steady state flow of a homogeneous controlled flow in this controller, a code signal corresponding to the specified submode is generated and transmitted to the computing and control unit 21, and from the group of "Speed control" algorithms stored in the memory of block 21, an algorithm is selected that corresponds to the received code .

In accordance with the selected algorithm, time realizations are processed of the ratio of the signal value generated at the first input-output 4 of the first resonator 2 to the signal value generated at the second input-output 5 of the same resonator, as well as the ratio of the signal

generated at the first input-output 4 of the second resonator 3, to the magnitude of the signal generated at the second input-output 5 of this resonator.

After processing the indicated, significantly different from the average value, ratios of the signal sizes in the control unit, the mutual correlation function of their time realizations is determined, as in the previous case, and the time interval Δτ of the shift of realizations is found at which this function experiences a maximum. As with a substantially unsteady flow, this period is equal to the time during which the local flow feature, characterized by a significantly different ratio of the signals received during mutually orthogonal sounding of the controlled medium, runs through the base length L _o .

The speed of the controlled flow in this case, as before, is

W = L _o / Δτ,

The found values of the velocity W and the relative volume fractions V ₁ , V ₂ and V _{3 of the} components of the controlled medium allow us to calculate the component-by-volume flow rate Q ₁ , Q ₂ , Q _{3 of} each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow:

Q ₁ = SWV ₁ , Q ₂ = SWV ₂ , Q ₃ = SWV ₃ , where

S = πR2 is the area of the bore of the dielectric pipe 6.

During the third stage of operation of the computing and control unit 21, the component-by-mass flow rate Q _m1 , Q _m2 , Q _{m3 of} each of the three components of the gas-liquid flow is determined. At this stage, in addition to the above procedures, calculations are carried out that take into account data on the nominal density values ρ ₁ , ρ ₂ , ρ _{3 of} each of the three components of the controlled medium stored in the memory of the computing and control unit 21, signals on the values of pressure P and temperature T controlled environment, received at the corresponding inputs of the computing and control unit 21 from the output of the pressure sensor 14 and from the output of the temperature sensor 15, as well as signals about the actual values of the mass flow rate Q _m and density ρ my environment, directly measured by the Coriolis flow meter 16 and received at the corresponding inputs of this unit from the output of the electronic flow transducer 17

through the first calibration controller 25 and from the output of the electronic density transducer 18 through the second calibration controller 26.

Data on the values of pressure P and temperature T of the controlled medium, as well as on the nominal values of the density ρ ₁ , ρ ₂ , ρ _{3 of} each of its components, are necessary for a rough estimation of the component mass flow rate performed in the computing and control unit 21 with the errors of indirect density calculation and mass flow rate of components.

To accurately determine the component-by-mass flow rate, indirect data on the density of the components are insufficient; to refine these data, the results of direct measurement of the actual values of the density ρ and the mass flow rate Q _{m of the} controlled medium using a Coriolis flowmeter, the output information of which is adjusted in calibration controllers 25, 26 depending on from the flow regime of gas-liquid flow.

Correction of the readings of the Coriolis flowmeter is necessary due to the fact that the peculiarity of its operation is the presence of errors in the measurement of mass flow rate Q _m and density ρ arising from the inhomogeneity of the controlled flow.

The nominal calibration characteristic (or nominal calibration) of the Coriolis flowmeter corresponds to a homogeneous flow of the controlled medium, the density of which is the same at all points of the cross section of the flow.

In the case where the density distribution over the flow cross section is not uniform, typical for most oil wells, the actual calibration of the Coriolis flowmeter does not correspond to the nominal calibration, which causes significant additional errors in measuring the mass flow rate Q _m and density ρ of the controlled medium.

To eliminate this error, the proposed complex introduced the first and second controllers of calibrations 25 and 26, respectively, each of which stores data obtained during the calibration of the Coriolis flowmeter on a test calibration bench for several different flow regimes of the controlled flow.

During calibration tests of the Coriolis flowmeter, for each of the specified flow regimes, calibration families corresponding to this mode are obtained: a family of mass flow calibrations and a family of density calibrations, the data of which are stored in the memory of their respective controllers: flow calibration data are stored in the memory of the first controller calibrations 25, and data on calibrations by density in the memory of the second calibration controller 26.

If at one of the inputs of the corresponding calibration controller 25 and 26 there is information about the mass flow rate Q _m coming from the output of the electronic flow transducer 17 and information about the density ρ coming from the output of the electronic density transducer 18, the received information is processed in each of these controllers for Q _m and ρ values with the code signal of the actual flow regime that has entered the other input of the respective calibration controller 25, the controller 26 outputs mode 24. In accordance with the received code signal in the calibration of the controller is stored in the memory of calibrations family selected the one that corresponds to the actual flow regime. According to the selected calibration in each of the controllers 25, 26, the information received by this controller is corrected. The corrected accurate information on the mass flow rate Q _m and density ρ of the controlled medium is transmitted from the output of each of the calibration controllers 25, 26 to the input of the computing and control unit 21 corresponding to this output, where, taking into account the data obtained in the first and second stages of operation of this unit, the final calculation of the exact and reliable values of the component mass flow rate Q _m1 , Q _m2 , Q _{m3 of} each of the three components of the gas-liquid medium.

Thus, the objective of the proposed utility model, which consists in increasing the accuracy and reliability of measuring the component mass flow rate, is solved by using the following new technical solutions in the proposed complex: firstly, by determining the actual flow regime in the mode controller 24 and taking this into account mode when determining reliable values of Q _m1 , Q _m2 and Q _m3 in the computing and control unit 21, in-

second, due to the use of two different directions of radio wave sensing of the controlled medium using two mutually orthogonal I / O 4, 5 connected to the various outputs of the managed switch 23, and the use of the results of this sounding in the computing and control unit 21 and in the mode controller 24 s the purpose of determining the exact values of Q _m1 , Q _m2 and Q _m3 and, thirdly, by calibrating the readings of the Coriolis flowmeter 16 for flow and density in the first and second calibration controllers 25 and 26, respectively, in order to determine the accurate and reliable values of Q _m and ρ in the computing and control unit 21.

Claims (1)

A complex for measuring the component-wise mass flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow of oil wells, which includes a computer-control unit, the first high-frequency resonator in the form of a short-circuited conductor having the shape of a rectangular meander placed on the outer cylindrical surface of the dielectric pipe located inside the tubular body coaxially with it, the flowmeter, equipped with an electronic flow transducer and arranged in series with the first high-frequency resonance rum, a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor installed in the dielectric tube, the output of each of which is connected to one of the corresponding inputs of the computer-control unit, a controlled high-frequency generator, a first input amplifier transmitting a path, which is a series-connected output amplifier, the input of which is the input of this a transmission path, an amplitude detector and an analog-to-digital converter, the output of which serves as the output of this path, the first high-frequency resonator The transmission path is connected to the corresponding input of the computer-control unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the controlled high-frequency generator, and through the first input amplifier this high-frequency resonator is connected to the controlled high-frequency generator, characterized in that a second high-frequency resonator, identical to the first and placed coaxially with it on said dielectric tube inside said housing, each of the high-frequency resonators is provided with a first cc home-output and second input-output, the first input-output and second input-output of each high-frequency resonator lying in diametrically mutually perpendicular planes, a Coriolis flowmeter, additionally equipped with an electronic density converter, is used as a flowmeter, the complex additionally contains a second input amplifier, controller modes and a controlled switch connected to the output of a controlled high-frequency generator, equipped with an input, a control input and two outputs, one of which connected to the first input amplifier, the other to the second input amplifier, and the control input to the corresponding output of the computing and control unit, the output of the transmitting path is additionally connected to the corresponding input of the mode controller, in addition, the complex additionally contains four input isolation capacitors and four output isolation capacitors a capacitor, three transmission paths identical to said transmission path, the output of each of these three transmission paths being connected to one of the respective the connecting inputs of the computing and control unit and, in addition, to one of the corresponding inputs of the mode controller, the complex additionally contains a first calibration controller, one of the inputs of which is connected to the output of the electronic flow transducer, and a second calibration controller, one of the inputs of which is connected to the output electronic density transducer, and the output of each of these controllers is connected to one of the corresponding inputs of the computer-control unit, the first or second input-output of each high the cavity resonator is connected to the input of only one of the transmission paths through one of the output isolation capacitors, in addition, each of the first inputs and outputs of each high-frequency resonator is connected to the output of the first input amplifier through one of the input isolation capacitors, and each of the second inputs and outputs of each a high-frequency resonator through one of the input isolation capacitors is connected to the output of the second input amplifier, the output of the pressure sensor and the output of the temperature sensor will complement each one is connected to one of the corresponding inputs of the mode controller, while the output of the mode controller is connected to the corresponding input of the computing and control unit and, in addition, to the corresponding input of the first and the corresponding input of the second calibration controller, in addition, at the end sections of the dielectric pipe installed on a short-circuited limiting coil, and between the first and second high-frequency resonators installed a short-circuited limiting and dividing coil, will limit flax coils limiter and a separating coil conductors shorted high frequency resonator each have a rectangular cross-section, the cross-sectional thickness b of each short-circuit conductor of each high-frequency resonator, limiting each coil and separating the coil-restrictively defined by the inequality

, where K is the dimensional coefficient of proportionality; F _max - the upper limit of the frequency of the signal at the output of a controlled high-frequency generator; the width a of the cross section of each short-circuited conductor of each high-frequency resonator is equal to the distance d between two adjacent parallel, directed along the longitudinal axis sections of this conductor and is limited by the double inequality 10b≥a≥5b, and the width of the cross section of the restrictive separation coil is not less than two times greater than the width of the cross section of each restrictive coil, which is not less than the width a.