RU63551U1 - DIGITAL AEROLOGICAL RADIO PROBE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring the vertical profile of atmospheric meteorological values by aerological radiosondes (ARZ): temperature, humidity, pressure, as well as wind speed and direction, digitally processing the measured meteorological quantities and transmitting telemetry information over the air to a ground-based tracking radar. The technical task is to optimize the construction of the ARZ electronic telemetry unit in order to increase the accuracy, stability and reliability of the ARZ operation with a simultaneous decrease in GMC. This goal is achieved as follows: a digital aerological radiosonde is proposed, containing the first and second meteorological sensors, an analog switch, a microprocessor, a transceiver and an antenna, characterized in that it includes: a reference resistor, a measuring transducer, a second switch, the first and second scaling amplifiers, analog-to-digital converter, third and fourth meteorological sensors and a quartz resonator with the following connections: the output of the first switch is connected to the input of the meter ohm converter, the first output of which is connected to the first output of the reference resistor, the second output of the reference resistor is connected to the inputs of the first and second meteorological sensors and to the first input of the first switch, the outputs of the first and second meteorological sensors are connected to the second and third inputs of the first switch, the second output of the measuring the converter is connected to the first input of the microprocessor, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the first switch, the third and fourth outputs of the microprocessor connected to the control inputs of the second switch, the outputs of the third and fourth meteorological sensors through the first and second large-scale amplifiers are respectively connected to the inputs of the second switch, the output of which is connected to the input of an analog-digital converter, the output of an analog-digital

the converter is connected to the second input of the microprocessor, the quartz resonator is connected to the third input of the microprocessor, and the fifth output of the microprocessor is connected to the input of the transceiver loaded on the antenna; instead of the microprocessor MP, a microcontroller MK with a more developed periphery is used, with the second switch and analog-to-digital converter integrated in the MK, while reducing the number of external connections, however, the logic of the digital programmable device remains unchanged; the third and fourth meteorological sensors have an output in the form of a DC voltage, the value of which is proportional to the measured parameter; the electrical input / output of the radiosonde is the antenna, and the physical input is the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere.

Description

The utility model relates to measuring the vertical profile of atmospheric meteorological values by aerological radiosondes (ARZ): temperature, humidity, pressure, as well as wind speed and direction, digitally processing the measured meteorological quantities and transmitting telemetry information over the air to the ground tracking radar.

The main problems of measuring meteorological quantities, their processing and transmitting telemetric information to the ground-based radar are the following:

- obtaining the maximum possible accuracy of measuring the meteorological parameters of the free atmosphere with a radio probe under the influence of sudden temperature changes from + 60 ° C to -80 ° C, low atmospheric pressure up to 1-2 mm Hg, high solar activity and high-energy cosmic particle irradiation ;

- achievement of the minimum overall mass characteristics (GMH) of the ARZ itself, including, of course, its electronic part;

- minimum energy consumption, since data transmission to the ground (tracking radar) is continuous and for a long time, and the capacity of ARZ power batteries is finite;

- the minimum cost in solving all of the above problems, because around 800-900 thousand ARZs are launched annually around the world, so cost reduction gives a tangible advantage in the market. Thus, the basic economic criterion must be observed: "cost - efficiency".

A well-known ARZ containing a super-regenerative transceiver (SPP) with a separate generator of auxiliary (super-oscillating) oscillations, providing reception of interrogated radio pulses and transmission of a response pause for measuring slant range and transmission of telemetric (code) information,

moreover, the meteorological value sensors are connected via controlled keys to a measuring transducer, the output signal of which, in accordance with the telemetry information transmission cycle, is connected via a switch to the control input of the super-regenerative transceiver frequency generator, see AU USSR No. 1106262, see AEROLOGY, N. A. Zaitseva, L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990, pp. 97-110.

The disadvantage of this ARZ is: low stability of the subcarrier frequency of the transceiver when the ambient temperature changes, problems of matching with the antenna, a large change in the frequency of reception relative to the radiation frequency, which significantly reduces the performance of the radio system as a whole.

A digital radiosonde is known which complexly registers several parameters of the state of the free atmosphere and transmits them by radio to a ground station. To ensure the reliability of data transmission, to reduce gaps in the measurement of state parameters and to ensure the interchangeability of the measured values during their automatic processing, the measured values of individual sensors and reference elements are transmitted sequentially through a measuring transducer and an analog multiplexer to the ADC. At the beginning of the transmission cycle, a synchronous 37-bit word is transmitted, then the individual converted digital data words with a control bit are fed through a digital multiplexer to a serial converter, in which a series of 11 data words is formed. In conclusion, a double phase modulation of individual bits in a 2-phase modulator and phase modulation in a phase modulator are performed, after which the transmitter transmits data to a ground station, see PATENT No. 228912 A1 (GDR) "Digitale Radiosonde".

The disadvantage of this ARZ is the following: high hardware complexity, hence significant GMC, large time, therefore, hardware costs for processing model elements, for the formation and transmission of a synchronous word, etc., hence the increased power consumption; building the principle of transmitting information to a ground station directly

without a request from radar tracking and the ability to measure slant range requires significant additional hardware costs to obtain meteorological information.

The well-known "Radiosonde using a microprocessor", see US Patent No. 4481514, which is equipped with a set of devices for recording measured data. They are connected to a unit generating a sequence of electrical signals reproducing the measured meteorological parameters. Analog signals are converted to binary code pulses. A switch is connected between the recording devices and the converter, which in series connects each of the recording devices to the converter. The radiosonde has a block for generating reference signals selectively connected to the input of the switch and the input of the converter, so that the switch eventually connects one of the recording devices to the block for generating the reference signals, thereby generating an analog signal characterizing the meteorological parameter measured by the device, which is currently connected via a switch to the input of the converter. The radiosonde also contains a microprocessor (MP), functionally connected to the converter of analog signals into discrete ones. MP carries out the processing of binary code signals. Signals from the MP are fed to the input of the transmitter, which transmits data to the ground-based radar.

The disadvantages of this ARZ are the straightforward classical construction of the electrical circuit, and the MP is used as a specialized control, switching and conversion circuit and no more. Therefore, the hardware advantages of MP for minimizing the entire electronic circuit, and, consequently, for the GMC, are not used. The transmitter is also built according to the traditional scheme (the principle of measuring the slant range is not used - “request” from the tracking radar — “response” from the ARZ), which entails time and other costs.

The well-known "Digital radiosonde of the atmosphere sounding system" - see the PATENT of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 41525, containing sensors

meteorological converters, an analog switch, a telemetry unit made in various versions based on a microprocessor and programmable logic chips, a transceiver with an antenna. In order to increase the accuracy of the subcarrier frequency formation and its deviation, the frequency stabilization program block is implemented on the basis of a crystal oscillator. Meteorological transducers generate binary signals containing information on atmospheric parameters. The control unit, based on a microprocessor or a programmable logic chip, controls the operation of the switch and connects one of the meteorological sensors to the frequency stabilization program unit, in which the frequency subcarrier is frequency-manipulated by a telemetric signal. Next, the video pulses of the subcarrier frequency are fed to the input of the transceiver and modulate its signal, which is transmitted to the space with the help of an antenna and received by the ground tracking radar. - PROTOTYPE.

The disadvantage of the PROTOTYPE is the possibility of using only special, rather expensive meteorological sensors with digital output for measuring atmospheric parameters. Another significant drawback is the lack of a reference channel in the structure of the telemetry unit, which makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the conversion of meteorological parameters into a telemetric signal.

A feature of domestic radiosondes is the use of super-regenerative transceivers in them, which ensure the transmission of telemetry information and a response signal to the interrogation signal of the ground-based radar on the same carrier frequency, which allows accurate measurement of the slant range to the radiosonde. A separate problem in constructing the ARZ super-regenerative transceiver circuitry that implements the "request-response" principle for measuring oblique range is the obtaining with high stability of the subcarrier (super-generating) frequency and its deviation (frequency manipulation). The instability of the subcarrier frequency and its deviation greatly complicates the reception of radiosonde signals, its demodulation in the receiving frequency detector

ground radar devices and leads to distortion of telemetry information or to its loss.

The technical task is to optimize the construction of the ARZ electronic telemetry unit to increase the accuracy, stability and reliability of the ARZ with a simultaneous decrease in GMC.

This goal is achieved as follows: a digital aerological radiosonde is proposed, containing the first and second meteorological sensors, an analog switch, a microprocessor, a transceiver and an antenna, characterized in that it includes: a reference resistor, a measuring transducer, a second switch, the first and second scaling amplifiers, analog-to-digital converter, third and fourth meteorological sensors and a quartz resonator with the following connections: the output of the first switch is connected to the input of the meter ohm converter, the first output of which is connected to the first output of the reference resistor, the second output of the reference resistor is connected to the inputs of the first and second meteorological sensors and to the first input of the first switch, the outputs of the first and second meteorological sensors are connected to the second and third inputs of the first switch, the second output of the measuring the converter is connected to the first input of the microprocessor, the first and second outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the first switch, the third and fourth outputs of the microprocessor connected to the control inputs of the second switch, the outputs of the third and fourth meteorological sensors through the first and second scale amplifiers are respectively connected to the inputs of the second switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the analog-digital converter, the output of the analog-digital converter is connected to the second input of the microprocessor, the quartz resonator is connected to the third input of the microprocessor and the fifth output of the microprocessor is connected to the input of the transceiver loaded on the antenna; instead of the microprocessor MP, a microcontroller MK with a more developed periphery is used, and the second switch and analog-to-digital converter are built into the MK, while the number of external connections is reduced, however,

the logic of the digital programmable device remains unchanged; the third and fourth meteorological sensors have an output in the form of a DC voltage, the value of which is proportional to the measured parameter; the electrical input / output of the radiosonde is the antenna, and the physical input is the meteorological parameters of the atmosphere.

Figure 1-4 shows a timing diagram explaining the operation of a digital radiosonde and options for structural electrical circuits.

Figure 1 shows the complete time cycle T _c , including time channel intervals T _{to the} operation of the radiosonde.

Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of a digital radiosonde built on the basis of the microprocessor MP: 1, 2 - resistive sensors (DR) of temperature and humidity; 3 - reference, high-precision resistor (R _op ); 4, 10 multiplexers (MX); 5 - measuring transducer (IP); 6, 7 - pressure, temperature and humidity sensors with an output signal in the form of voltage (DN); 8, 9 - scaling amplifiers (MU); 11 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC); 12 - microprocessor (MP); 13 - reference quartz resonator (CR); 14 - super-regenerative transceiver (SPP); radiosonde transceiver antenna (A).

Figure 3 shows the timing diagrams of the following signals:

- U _to - time diagram of the control voltage of the operation cycle of the radiosonde: "the interval of the reference channel - T _op ", "the interval of the temperature channel - T _t '', etc .;

- U _IP - time diagram of the output voltage of the measuring transducer of the radiosonde at intervals of the reference and temperature channels;

- F _c is the timing diagram of the manipulation (impulse deviation ΔF _s ) of the signal frequency at the MP output in accordance with the operation intervals of the IP radiosonde.

Figure 4 shows a structural diagram of a digital radiosonde built on the basis of the microcontroller MK: 1, 2 resistive temperature sensors (DR)

and humidity; 3 - reference, high-precision resistor (R _op ); 4, 10 - multiplexers (MX); 5 - measuring transducer (IP); 6, 7 - pressure, temperature or humidity sensors with an output signal in the form of voltage (DN); 8, 9 - scaling amplifiers (MU); 11 - analog-to-digital Converter (ADC); 12 - digital programmable device (CPU); 13 - microcontroller (MK); 14 - reference quartz resonator (CR); 15 - super-regenerative transceiver (SPP); radiosonde transceiver antenna (A).

Accepted conventions:

- U _{CPR k} - control signals of the multiplexer (MP-4) of the resistive sensors;

- U _{CPR i} - control signals of the multiplexer (MP-10) of sensors with an output in the form of voltage;

- U _i - voltage supplied to the input of the ADC-11;

- F _cr - the frequency of the reference quartz resonator KR-13;

- τ _k - the duration and measuring period T _{k of the} pulses of the temperature and humidity channels coming from the output of the measuring transducer IP-5 to the input of the microprocessor MP12;

- F _c - the frequency of the subcarrier (superimposing) signal containing telemetry information due to frequency manipulation ΔF _c ;

- RS-232 serial input-output interface.

These nodes and blocks can be performed on the following elements: weather sensors 1, 2 can be performed, for example, according to patents of the Russian Federation No. 2162238, No. 2162239, No. 2242752; reference resistor 3 can be used type C2-29V, see RESISTORS. Reference / Andreev Yu.N. et al. - M.: Energoizdat, 1981. P.102-107 .; switches 4, 10 can be made on the IC 561KP, see CATALOG OF INTEGRATED ICs, M.: TsKB, 1983, p. 78; measuring transducer 5 can be implemented according to patent No. 54462; meteorological sensors 6, 7 can be used of the HIH 4000 type, see Honeywell CATALOG, 2005; scaling amplifiers 8, 9 can be performed, for example, on operational amplifiers of type 1401UD6, see CATALOG

INTEGRAL IMS, M, Central Design Bureau, 1985, p. 128; analog-to-digital Converter 11 can be performed on microcircuit type MCP3551, see ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS. No. 12, 2005, p. 100; a microprocessor 12, for example, an APM7 type or a microcontroller 13, for example, the LPC2101FBD48 family, see ARM7 microcontrollers. Per. from English - M .: "Dodeca-XXI", 2006 .; a quartz resonator 13 can be used, for example, of the type KR-24, see SEMICONDUCTOR CIRCUIT TECHNIQUE, U. Titze, K. Schenk, M, MIR, 1982, pp. 300-301; the transceiver 14 can be made on the basis of patents of the Russian Federation No. 2172965, No. 2214614, patents for utility models No. 50682, No. 49283, No. 56001.

The electrical circuit has the following connections: the output of the first switch 4 is connected to the input of the measuring transducer 5, the first output of which is connected to the first output of the reference resistor 3, the second output of the reference resistor 3 is connected to the inputs of the first 1 and second 2 meteorological sensors and to the first input of the first switch 4 , the outputs of the first 1 and second 2 meteorological sensors are connected to the second and third inputs of the first switch 4, the second output of the measuring transducer 5 is connected to the first input of the microprocessor 12, the first and the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the first switch 4, the third and fourth outputs of the microprocessor 12 are connected to the control inputs of the second switch 10, the outputs of the third 6 and fourth 7 meteorological sensors through the first 8 and second 9 scale amplifiers are respectively connected to the inputs of the second switch 10, the output which is connected to the input of the analog-digital converter 11, the output of the analog-digital converter 11 is connected to the second input of the microprocessor 12, the quartz resonator 13 is connected to the third input ikroprotsessora 12, and the fifth output of the microprocessor 12 is connected to an input of transceiver 14, a loaded antenna;

Digital ARZ (block diagram depicted in figure 2) works as follows. A clock generator MP12 is based on quartz resonator 13. Software MP12 specifies cycle time of operation of the radiosonde T _u consisting of a number of intervals T _k. This cycle is depicted in figure 1. During

one channel interval T _to ≈5 sec. measurement, coding and transmission of telemetric information about one meteorological parameter to a tracking station are carried out. During the next channel interval, the procedure is repeated for another meteorological parameter. In this way, a temporary method for separating telemetric information channels is implemented. For this, MP12 generates control signals U _control , which, using the MX-4 multiplexer, sequentially connect a reference resistor R _op 3 and resistive sensors of meteorological variables DR1, 2 to input IP5. The reference channel is introduced in order to calibrate the IP to improve the accuracy of converting meteorological information into a telemetric signal. The period of the reference channel T _op may vary slightly under the influence of destabilizing factors. Information on meteorological values lies in the period T _{i of the} telemetry pulses generated by the IP. MP12 measures the duration of the pulse period T _i and generates a telemetric signal with a period equal to T _i and a specific pulse duration τ _i characteristic for a given interval of operation of the radiosonde. The known value of the duration of telemetric pulses τ _i in the ground-based radar automatically determines the interval of operation of the radiosonde and the type of received meteorological parameter. This sequence of telemetric pulses arrives at the program block for generating the subcarrier frequency (F _c = 800 kHz, the period is T _c ≈1.25 μs) MP12 in which frequency-pulse modulation (PFM) and the formation of a sequence of video pulses of the subcarrier frequency with deviation ΔF _with ≈ ± 15 kHz. Next, video pulses of duration τ _s ≈0.65 μs are fed to the input of SPP14, modulate the amplitude of the microwave signal (carrier frequency f _sppp = 1680 ± 10 MHz), which is emitted by antenna A into space. Decryption of telemetry information in the ground tracking radar is carried out according to the preliminary calibration of sensors and IP5 ARZ by calculating the ratio measured by the radiosonde

the duration of the reference signal period to the duration of the telemetry signal periods: .

The connection to MP12 of analog sensors of meteorological parameters DN6, 7 with the output signal in the form of voltage is carried out separately. In accordance with the operation cycle of the radiosonde. MP 12 generates control signals U _{control i} that control the operation of the MX10. The signal from the corresponding sensor through MU8, 9 and MX10 is fed to the ADC11 and then to the input of the MP12. The memory of MP12 contains a mathematical model of sensors ДН6, 7, with the help of which digital information is converted into a telemetric signal in the form of a sequence of pulses of the corresponding duration τ _i and period T _i normalized with the duration of the reference period T _op IP5. Further, the conversion and transmission of telemetric information is carried out in the same way as for resistive sensors.

To ensure the necessary accuracy of converting telemetric information, the operating times of the radiosonde, stabilization of the subcarrier frequency SPP14 and the magnitude of its deviation, synchronization of the signals generated by MP12, a reference quartz resonator 13 with a high resonant frequency is used. The use of a quartz resonator provides the necessary accuracy in generating the clock frequency of the MP12 and, ultimately, a significant increase in the quality of reception of the radiosonde signal and the accuracy of the telemetry information processing of the ground-based radar.

When using the high-speed MP12 processor with a high clock frequency, software implementation of all the necessary functions for the operation of the radiosonde is used. This makes it possible to modernize, introduce new functions in the production and operation of the radiosonde. Therefore, new ARZ models can be upgraded by only finalizing the software. Programming MP12 or MK microcontroller, input and output of technological information during the production and operation of ARZ is carried out via a serial interface, for example, type RS-232.

A digital ARZ built on the basis of the MK13 microcontroller (the block diagram is depicted in FIG. 4) works similarly to the ARZ discussed above (block diagram of FIG. 2). However, the use of a microcontroller allows, for example, to use the built-in multi-input multiplexer MX10, internal ADC11, reduce the number of external connections, reduce energy consumption. The logic of the CPU of the MK microcontroller is similar to that of the MP12 microprocessor described earlier. The use of MK allows to significantly simplify the design of ARZ, reduce GMC, simplify production technology and operation.

Thus, the use of MP and MK in the aerological radiosonde allows you to:

- to obtain a stable value of the subcarrier (super) frequency of the super-regenerative radiosonde transceiver;

- stable deviation of the subcarrier frequency;

- a stable value of the duration of pulses of telemetric information;

- stable value of the period of telemetric information during one transmission interval;

- implement recording and storage of individual parameters of the radiosonde (ARZ number, coefficients of synchronizing functions, etc.);

- achieve a significant reduction in GMH;

- the possibility of programming, as well as changing the functions performed directly in the finished printed circuit board or in the ARZ itself by using the RS-232C serial interface bus.

Claims (4)

1. A digital aerological radio probe containing the first and second meteorological sensors, an analog switch, a microprocessor, a transceiver and an antenna, characterized in that it includes: a reference resistor, a measuring transducer, a second switch, the first and second scaling amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter, the third and fourth meteorological sensors and a quartz resonator with the following connections: the output of the first switch is connected to the input of the measuring transducer, the first output of which is connected to the output of the reference resistor, the second output of the reference resistor is connected to the inputs of the first and second meteorological sensors and to the first input of the first switch, the outputs of the first and second meteorological sensors are connected to the second and third inputs of the first switch, the second output of the measuring transducer is connected to the first input of the microprocessor, the first and the second outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the first switch, the third and fourth outputs of the microprocessor are connected to the control inputs of the second switch, you The odes of the third and fourth meteorological sensors through the first and second large-scale amplifiers are respectively connected to the inputs of the second switch, the output of which is connected to the input of the analog-to-digital converter, the output of the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the second input of the microprocessor, the quartz resonator is connected to the third input of the microprocessor, and the fifth the microprocessor output is connected to the input of the transceiver loaded on the antenna. 2. The digital aerological radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of the microprocessor MP, a microcontroller MK with a more developed periphery is used, the second switch and an analog-to-digital converter built into the MK, while reducing the number of external connections, however, the logic of the digital programmable device remains unchanged. 3. The digital aerological radiosonde according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the third and fourth meteorological sensors have an output in the form of a DC voltage, the magnitude of which is proportional to the measured parameter. 4. The digital aerological radiosonde according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical input / output of the radiosonde is an antenna, and the atmospheric meteorological parameters are the physical input.