RU62541U1 - DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HIGH-OCTANE COMPONENTS OF ENGINE FUELS IN THE PRESENCE OF HYDROGEN HYDROGEN - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: in the field of oil refining. The essence of the utility model: creating a sectional design of the reactor. The device — the reactor is conventionally divided into 3 zones: —the emulsion preparation zone, the emulsion stabilization zone, the zone — the hydrofluoric alkylation and stabilization section, located horizontally with a 10% slope, a horizontal cylindrical body with nozzles for introducing a mixture of isoparaffins and olefins, ending with a nozzle with a nozzle for introducing hydrogen fluoride located in the lower part of the nozzle measure and mixing chamber feed with the catalyst. A shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system, each of which is composed of perforated cylinders attached to a longitudinal rod, a “section” is a coil, and a shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system, each of which is composed of perforated cylinders attached to a longitudinal rod. The geometric dimensions of the aforementioned holes and individual structural elements of the reactor are related by the proposed relations. The utility model allows the creation of hydrogen fluoride alkylation reactors with a variable during the operation (without major repairs) volume of the reaction zone of the reactor - its productivity depending on the composition and volume of the supplied raw materials by connecting or disconnecting sections using rotary plugs in order to obtain stable product quality during processing different in composition of raw materials. Highly dispersed emulsion due to the formation of a jet and ensuring turbulence of the flow in order to increase the yield and quality of the product. 1 n.p., 1 d.p. f-ly

Description

The utility model relates to the oil refining industry, in particular to the technology for producing high-octane components of motor fuels - alkylbenzene by alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins in the liquid phase, in the presence of hydrogen fluoride

Currently, a known device for producing alkylbenzene is a horizontal cascade reactor with internal cooling (A.Z. Dorogochinsky, A.V. Luther, E.G. Volpova. Sulfuric acid alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins. M: Chemistry, 1970, p. 110) The device is a horizontal apparatus, divided by L-shaped partitions, not reaching the bottom, into the reaction and settling zones - in the first, the bulk of the acid is separated from the hydrocarbons, and in the second, a small residual amount of it, in addition, the second settling zones is a collection of hydrocarbons. In each reaction section there are circulating propeller mixers, and above the mixers are coils for introducing raw materials and vertical perforated pipes for circulating the emulsion. Olefins are introduced through the nozzle into each section, and sulfuric acid and isoparaffins are fed through the nozzles into the reactor zone located in front of the first section, then the reagents enter the first section and into each subsequent section through L-shaped partitions. To remove the heat generated as a result of the alkylation reaction and the stirrer, as well as introduced with the streams, a pressure equal to the vapor pressure of the hydrocarbon mixture is maintained in the reactor. This allows you to automatically remove heat from the reaction zone by evaporation of part of the liquid, i.e. It uses an internal refrigeration cycle. The disadvantages of the device are: high energy consumption for mixing, high consumption of sulfuric acid, the need to maintain the temperature in a narrow predetermined range (2-7 ° C).

The closest to the proposed device according to the technical result is a vertical contactor reactor with external refrigerant cooling (A.Z. Dorogochinsky, A.V. Luther. E.G. Volpova. Sulfuric acid alkylation of isoparaffins with olefins. M: Chemistry, 1970, p. 108 ) The contactor reactor has a cylindrical shape, mixing and refrigeration systems are located in its body. On top of the reactor vessel is a refrigeration chamber for supplying and discharging refrigerant. In the upper and lower parts of the chamber there are grilles in which the refrigerator pipes are flared: in the upper - internal, in the lower - external.

The principle of operation of the refrigeration system is as follows. The refrigerant enters from the top of the apparatus, passes through the internal pipes downward, taking heat from the reacting substances in the reactor, and enters the annular space of the external pipes, evaporates and rises through it, leaving in the form of vapor to the refrigeration unit. In order to improve heat transfer, the walls of the outer tubes of the refrigerator are made ribbed. Olefins are mixed with isoparaffins, cooled in the refrigerator using refrigerant, and then through the pipe located in the lower part of the reactor, they enter the annular space between the reactor vessel and the shell, rise, and then descend to the mixer along the inside of the cylindrical partition between the fins of the refrigerator, In the upper part of the reactor are pipes for supplying sulfuric acid and outputting reaction products. At the bottom of the shell there is a propeller stirrer for forced circulation of the reaction mixture and an emulsion of hydrocarbons with acid, which is an impeller with blades, driven by a steam turbine or an electric motor. Rotational movement of the circulating flow in one plane is prevented by vertically arranged ribs. The alkylation process proceeds mainly with a downward movement of the reaction mixture along the cooling surface (tube bundle).

The disadvantages of the known reaction device are the high energy consumption for the operation of the mixer and external cooling, the relatively low ratio of "isobutane: olefins", the inability to regulate and form a stream when sulfuric acid is supplied, and therefore the high consumption of catalyst, insufficiently high octane number of alkylbenzene.

From the scientific and technical literature and patent documentation, it is not known to use a system with a pipe reactor with a variable volume of the reaction zone “sectional reactor” in reactors for producing a high-octane component of motor heating systems.

The objective of the utility model is: creating a sectional reactor design “section” - a coil, sequentially shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system, each of which is composed of perforated cylinders attached to a longitudinal rod, creating a highly dispersed emulsion due to the formation of a jet ensuring flow turbulence in order to increase output and product quality.

The accompanying graphic materials depict: (FIG. 1) a side view, (FIG. 2) a top view of a device for producing a high-octane component of motor fuels, a nozzle for introducing isoparaffins and olefins into the nozzle line, an inlet nozzle for introducing hydrogen fluoride into the pre-heat chamber, (FIG. 3) a device for mixing raw materials with a hydrogen fluoride catalyst; (FIG. 4) implementation of a heat exchanger device with integrated nozzles; (FIG.5) the implementation of the device for perforation of nozzles, their mounting between themselves and the mounting of the cylinders on the rod, the device for attaching the rod; (FIG.6) the implementation of the block sump separator products (alkylate, liquefied gases) and a catalyst for hydrogen fluoride, a nozzle for the release of hydrogen fluoride and the device of perforated partitions located vertically and horizontally.

The device is a reactor is (FIG. 1); (FIG. 2) conventionally divided into 3 zones — an emulsion preparation zone, an emulsion stabilization zone, a “section” zone of hydrogen fluoride alkylation and emulsion stabilization proper located horizontally with a slope of 10%. View (A-A) - horizontal mixer

consisting of a cylindrical body 1 with nozzles 2 for introducing a mixture of isoparaffins and olefins and with a nozzle 3 for introducing hydrogen fluoride located at the bottom of the mixer.

Mixer design 1 Type A-A (FIG 3) is a device consisting of a nozzle 2 mounted on an axis by a pipe which is, on one side, an inlet of isoparaffins and olefins 2, on the other hand, a nozzle for supplying 4 raw materials to the mixing chamber, the inner diameter of the nozzle is not more than ¹ / _{2 of the} inner diameter of the narrowing device 5, the next part of the mixer is a cylindrical body 1 with a machined conical chamber 6 ending on one side with a narrowing device 5; a hydrogen fluoride supply pipe 3 enters the conical chamber from below. Mixing chamber 7 is a cylindrical groove in the mixer body 1, on the one hand ending with a bevel at an angle of 45 degrees, adjacent to the narrowing device 5, on the other hand, a mixing chamber with a length of 10 internal diameters and an inner diameter the mixing chamber is equal to the inner diameter of the pipe of the inlet heat exchanger 10, ends with a pipe 8 connected to the inlet pipe of the heat exchanger 9; View B-B (FIG. 4) The heat exchanger 10 is an inner pipe with a diameter of 1.5 of the inner diameter of the coil to compensate for flow resistance, nozzle cylinders, cooling jacket 11 with coolant inlet and outlet fittings; on the inner mirror of the pipe 9 with an insertion ring 12 with a rod 13 diametrically opposed in two places to it, on which cylinders 14 are fixed, cross to cross,; (FIG. 5) - the nozzle is a structure composed of a rod mounting ring 12, rod 13 in the form of a 4: 5 long rod of a heat exchanger welded on one side to a mounting ring on the other side of the flared onto which cylinders 14 are fixed, paired at a distance 10-15 cm using a tube. The nozzle is a cylinder 14 having a through hole 15 for mounting on a rod 13 with a diameter of 2-5 mm, the opposite hole for fixing the pair of cylinders made a hole 15 in the form of an ellipse half the inner diameter of the cylinder; the heat exchanger 10 ends with a connecting pipe 16 connecting the heat exchanger with the coil;

The section is repeated n - the number of times

To receive and separate an emulsion of alkylate and hydrogen fluoride exiting from the hydrofluoric alkylation reactor, a sump 17 is installed ending in the heat exchanger 10; The design of the sump is a device (FIG. 6) the housing 17 of which is made of nickel alloy in the form of a vertical apparatus with a pipe for receiving an emulsion of alkylate and hydrogen fluoride 18, a pipe for issuing alkylate 19 and a pipe for supplying hydrogen fluoride 20 from the bottom of the tank 17 under its own weight in mixer 1; with bottom and top, the sump 17 is closed with a flat bottom 21 and a flat cover 22 bolted to the flanges; the sump 17 is divided into two communicating chambers with a perforated partition 23 View (C-C), view (E-E) the height of the sump 17 along the emulsion receiving pipe 18 is equal to the height of the alkylation reactor, and along the top cover 22 plus 400 mm in order to equalize the pressures between the part input emulsion and part of the output of the alkylate; The perforated baffle 23 divides the sump 17 into two communicating chambers and is made in the form of a baffle with holes in the upper part to a height of 100 mm from the cover 22 in terms of receiving emulsion and issuing alkylate starting 100 mm below the nozzles 17, 18 to the bottom of the apparatus, against the nozzles 18 , 19 a partition without perforation 400 mm from the upper to the lower perforation with the aim of eliminating the ingress of hydrogen fluoride into the alkylate outlet pipe 19; the partition has three slots 24 to the axis for installing perforated disks 25 having a slot 28 to the axis, the size of the perforation holes 10 mm the discs are fixed with the help of a corner and a bolt with a nut 26 to the partition 23 in the lower part above the pipe

20, the partition has a cutout 27 in order to reduce the resistance of hydrogen fluoride in the pipe 20 (FIG.6)

The device operates as follows. Through pipe 2, a mixture of isoparaffins and olefins is fed into the reactor at a calculated rate. The flow rate of the mixture of isoparaffins and olefins is 50 liters / hour. As raw materials (isoparaffins, olefins) use: isobutane 80-90% purity, butane-butylene fraction with an olefin content of at least 50 ms.%. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is used as a catalyst. The process is carried out at 20-25 ° C, a pressure of 10-12 kgf / cm ² , the ratio of hydrogen fluoride: (isoparaffins and olefins) 1: 1, isoparaffins: olefins 3: 1. Passing through the nozzle 2 into the mixer 1 is mixed with hydrogen fluoride and turbulent, and its turbulence is supported by the nozzle 14 located in the heat exchanger 10 and then enters the coils 10 heat exchangers where the flow turbulence is supported by the nozzle. The reaction temperature is maintained by heat exchangers 10 cooled by circulating water, and the residence time of the products in the reaction zone is 2-3 minutes; the volume of the reaction zone is set depending on the load and the quality of the raw material by connecting the sections - (coil and heat exchanger) then fed to the sump 17. By means of the perforated baffles 24 the emulsion is separated where (larger droplets by gravity) are lowered into the lower part of the sump 17, where there is hydrogen fluoride, at the same time, the alkylate rises to the upper part of the sump and is discharged through the pipe 19 into the alkylate collector.

The technical result of the proposed solution is: the creation of a sectional reactor design "section" - a coil, sequentially shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system, each of which is composed of perforated cylinders attached to a longitudinal rod.

The technical result is achieved by the ability to change the volume of the reaction chamber during operation by rearranging plugs for connecting or disconnecting additional sections, which allows you to process different in density and ratio (isoparaffin-normal paraffin), (olefin-normal paraffin) raw materials (isoparaffin and olefin) and catalyst hydrogen fluoride.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the possibility of manufacturing a reactor depending on the diameter and length of the heat exchanger and the coil in the section — to manufacture as a laboratory reactor the volume of the reaction chamber is 2-7 liters with an internal diameter of coils and heat exchangers of 10 mm from 7 sections with a long heat exchanger of 1 meter and a long coil 5 meters

In addition, if the inner diameter of the heat exchangers and coils is changed to 50 mm and the length of the heat exchanger is up to 7 meters, the coil length is up to 30 meters — the volume of the reaction chamber of one section will be 53 liters while the reactor is operating in 10 sections or 20 sections, the volume of the reaction chamber will accordingly be 530 liters or 1060 liters. Considering that the residence time of products (isobutane, butylene, a catalyst - hydrogen fluoride) in the reaction zone is no more than 3 minutes for hydrogen fluoride alkylation and the ratio of 50% -50% feed-catalyst, the capacity of the alkylation reactor for raw materials will accordingly be 5 cubic meters per hour and 10 cubic meters per hour, which corresponds to a small-tonnage reactor of small dimensions approximately: 10 meters long, 5 meters wide, 5 meters high.

The technical result is directed to the manufacture and commissioning of small-capacity, small-sized units of hydrogen fluoride alkylation of light isoparaffins with olefins in order to obtain high-octane components of motor fuels.

The technical result of the proposed solution is the creation of a highly dispersed emulsion due to the formation of a jet ensuring turbulence of the flow in order to increase output and product quality.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the known device for producing a high-octane component of motor fuels made in the form of a mixer of isoparaffins, olefins fed to the nozzle inlet flange by a pump and hydrogen fluoride catalyst fed into the mixer to the nozzle chamber through a nozzle under its own weight from the product sump and hydrogen fluoride ; A shell-and-tube heat exchanger connected in series to the mixer in which a rod is fixed on one side of the heat exchanger, with nozzles in the form of a pair of crosshairs of fixed perforated cylinders made of nickel alloy and fixed on the rod with a heat shrink tube at a distance of 5-7 (internal diameters of the product pipe of the heat exchanger) by 4: 5 length of the heat exchanger for the purpose of movement of the nozzles and additional mixing of the emulsion. Behind the heat exchanger, a coil made of nickel alloy is sequentially located and ends the heat exchanger section with the nozzle built-in above.

The technical result is achieved by forming an emulsion using a nozzle, a nozzle chamber and a mixing chamber since the density of hydrocarbons and the density of hydrogen fluoride are close.

At the same time, the technical result is achieved by using cylinders arranged crosswise with holes 4: 1 in diameter of the ring with 8 holes on each ring, which eliminates stagnant zones inside the ring and creates constant mixing.

The possibility of achieving a technical result is due to the fact that the design capabilities and geometry of the inventive reactor allows to stabilize the temperature field of the reacting stream and its energy characteristics, i.e. make it homogeneous, as well as carry out hydrogen fluoride alkylation with the formation in the reaction zone of a homogeneous, monodisperse and unstable emulsion with predetermined characteristics that provide a controlled course of the main reaction.

The octane number according to the motor method will be 93-96 points.

Using the proposed device will allow:

- process various types of raw materials (mixtures of isoparaffins, olefins, normal paraffins) changing the volume of the reaction zone during operation by connecting additional sections (coil and heat exchanger) without compromising performance;

- increase the yield and quality of the resulting product;

- reduce energy consumption;

- separate the zone of formation of the emulsion and the reaction zone;

- create a homogeneous, monodisperse and unstable emulsion;

- virtually eliminate the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Claims (2)

1. A device for producing high-octane components of motor fuels in the presence of hydrogen fluoride, characterized in that it is made in the form of a sectional tube reactor "section" - a coil, sequentially shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system in the tube space, each of which is composed of fixed on a longitudinal a rod of interconnected perforated cylinders, with the ability to change the volume of the reaction chamber during operation by rearranging the connection plugs or switching off of additional sections, with nozzles for introducing isoparaffins and olefins, hydrogen fluoride, equipped with a mixing device for forming an emulsion, an inlet heat exchanger with a fixed nozzle system, each of which is composed of perforated cylinders attached to a longitudinal rod, a cylindrical vertical settler with inlet nozzles emulsions of alkylate and hydrogen fluoride, yield of alkylate, output of hydrogen fluoride for supplying it to a perforated mixer anna septum and three perforated discs mounted on the septum. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixer is designed in the form of a nozzle chamber, a nozzle and a mixing chamber.