RU58123U1 - DEVICE FOR RESTORING METAL OXIDES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to metallurgy, in particular, to devices for producing metals and their alloys directly from ores, concentrates and various metallurgical wastes (slags, sludges, etc.) without preliminary agglomeration or agglomeration. The utility model allows the recovery of metals from ores and concentrates using dusty coke or ground coal as fuel and a reducing agent. The utility model allows to intensify the flow of heat and mass transfer and recovery by using steam-oxygen blast to organize a reducing atmosphere with a minimum nitrogen content and using a melting cyclone 1, a piggy bank 2, a slag granulator-gasifier 3, a jet reactor chamber 5. The channel for recirculation of high-temperature gases 4 helps to reduce consumption fuel and energy. In addition, the use of melting cyclone 1 and the use of a slag granulator-gasifier 3 at the outlet allows minimizing dust extraction. The presence in the device of the slag granulator gasifier 3 allows you to utilize the physical and chemical heat of the slag. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to metallurgy, in particular, to devices for producing metals and their alloys directly from ores, concentrates and various metallurgical wastes (slags, sludges, etc.) without preliminary agglomeration or agglomeration.

A device is known (see US Pat. RF. No. 2093585 MKI ⁷ C 21 V 13/14 of 10/20/1997) for processing an iron-containing material that contains a melting cyclone with a gas outlet upper part, means for loading, dosing and supplying charge materials, fuel and oxidizing agent. The reduction of iron is carried out in the reduction zone, made in the form of a flowing trough, and tuyeres for blowing the reducing agent are installed in the side walls of the trough and in a flat arch. The introduction of a powdery mixture in the oxidizer current through two tiers of nozzles. This design of the unit does not properly eliminate dust extractors, and the use of oxygen as a transport gas creates difficulties in controlling the regulation of the transport gas – charge ratio and oxidizer – fuel consumption. The resistance of the refractory part of the flow chute should be expected to be low, as well as the material of the slag separation wall between the reduction and refining zones due to contact with the molten carbon oxides. This leads to a decrease in unit productivity and an increase in environmental emissions.

Closest to the claimed utility model is a unit for the production of steel from iron ore, containing a melting cyclone with a gas outlet upper part, equipped with means for supplying charge materials, fuel and an oxidizing agent, equipped with a melting cyclone

a recovery cyclone with means to create a reducing atmosphere and a piggy bank connected to it, while the melting and reducing cyclones are separated from each other by means of a profiled diaphragm having a horizontal bottom wall and form a cylindrical column made of water-cooled (see US Pat. RF. No. 2167205 MKI ⁷ С 21 В 13/14 from 09/17/1999).

The disadvantages of the known unit can include the following: the use of two paired cyclones with flowing melt creates an element of instability of the unit and the complexity of its control, which leads to the formation of accretions; low use of heat of the exhaust gases on the one hand reduces the energy performance of the unit, on the other, creates difficulties with the disposal of high-temperature exhaust gases. This leads to a decrease in unit productivity and an increase in environmental emissions.

The task, which is aimed by the claimed device, is to increase the productivity of the device, reducing the negative impact on the environment.

The technical effect of using the proposed device is achieved by providing intensification of heat and mass transfer processes, creating high-temperature gas recirculation, which reduces energy costs, increases its productivity. Due to cyclonic gas mechanics, when using a slag granulator gasifier at the outlet, dust reduction is reduced, the organization of a nitrogen-free atmosphere in the unit minimizes NO _x emissions, as a result of which the negative impact on the environment is reduced. In general, the use of high-temperature processing of materials in a dispersed form and the organization of a recirculating reducing atmosphere with a minimum content of ballast components (nitrogen) provide a reduction in the necessary time for technological processes of melting and metal recovery, which increases productivity

devices.

The problem is solved in that in the known device containing a jet reactor, a melting cyclone, a piggy bank, new elements are added and the connections between the elements are changed. The device is additionally equipped with a jet reactor, which is equipped with means for supplying charge materials, fuel and an oxidizing agent, and is located tangentially in the upper part of the side surface of the melting cyclone. A lance electrode is located in the vault of the melting cyclone; a gas outlet is located in its lower part, combined with an opening for the removal of metal melt into the piggy bank. The piggy bank is located under the melting cyclone and is made in the form of a ball with the possibility of tilting in the horizontal plane, and is equipped with an opening for removing the molten metal. The slag removal channel is combined with the flue gas discharge channel to the slag granulator-gasifier, which is made in the form of a chamber having gratings and nozzles located below them for spraying the slag with water vapor and gasifying carbon particles, means for removing granular slag and flue gas removal. The slag granulator-gasifier is connected to the jet reactor by a recirculation channel, made on the principle of an ejector in the form of a venturi, having an nozzle for steam-oxygen blasting along the axis.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram of a device for the reduction of metal oxides.

A device for the reduction of metal oxides consists of a chamber of a melting cyclone 1, a piggy bank 2, a slag granulator-gasifier 3 connected by a recirculation channel 4 to the chamber of a jet reactor 5. The melting cyclone 1 is a cylinder with cooled walls and a skull lining 6. The bottom of the melting cyclone 1 is made hole 7 for the release of melt and flue gases. In the vault of the melting cyclone 1 there is a lance electrode 8. On the side wall of the melting cyclone 1 in

the upper part has a chamber of the jet reactor 5, which is equipped with means 9 for supplying charge materials, fuel, and oxidizer. The chamber of the jet reactor 5 is located tangentially with respect to the side wall of the melting cyclone 1. The piggy bank 2, mounted under the melting cyclone 1, is a tiltable ball in the horizontal plane and is equipped with an opening 10 for outputting the molten metal and a channel 11 for removing slag and flue gases in the slag granulator gasifier 3. Opposite the channel 11 for the removal of slag and flue gases an oxygen lance is installed 12. The slag granulator gasifier 3 is made in the form of a chamber having gratings 13 and located below them with payload 14 part of which is intended for spraying slag with water vapor, means for removing granulated slag 15 and a flue gas exhaust channel 16 for disposal. In addition, part of the nozzles 14 serves to supply steam for gasification of dispersed carbon particles in flue gases. The recirculation channel 4 is an ejector in the form of a venturi and has a nozzle 17 for steam-oxygen blasting along its axis. The recirculation channel 4 connects the chamber of the jet reactor 5 with a slag granulator-gasifier 3. The refractory masonry of the working layer of all these elements is made of heat-resistant blocks and enclosed with appropriate insulation in the casing.

A device for the reduction of metal oxides works as follows. Ground jet (U) with steam-oxygen (K + P) blasting is supplied to the jet reactor 5 through means 9 for supplying charge materials, fuel and oxidizing agent. After heating the melting cyclone 1, the piggy bank 2 with technological gases, the charge (P) is fed through the means 9 for feeding the charge materials, fuel and oxidizer to the jet reactor 5. For example, ground coal is introduced as fuel and a reducing agent. Part of the coal burns and provides heat for heating the charge and the gas stream, and unburned coal particles - the coke residue forms a dust-like layer of a reducing agent on the walls of the melting cyclone. As a charge for melting in the device

iron ore raw materials can be used, as well as metallurgical waste: gas cleaning dust, sludge, and scale. The mixture heated in the jet reactor 5 is carried out by the combustion products into the working volume of the melting cyclone 1 and falls on its side walls, where at the moment of contact the particles of the mixture have a temperature that ensures its adhesion to the wall, forming a skull lining 6. Heat applied to the walls of the melting cyclone 1 due to the vortex of the products of combustion of the fuel coming from the jet reactor 5, and from heating by a plasma-arc discharge burning between the tuyere-electrode 8 and the side wall of the melting cyclone 1, it guarantees the melting of adhering wall charge particles achieve zhidkopodvizhnogo condition and the swelling of the melt film on the wall of the melting cyclone downward falling together with the process gases through a hole 7 for discharging flue gas and melt in a forehearth 2. The gases in the cyclone comprise up to 65% CO and 35% H _2, are temperature 1600-2200 ° С. The surface of the melting cyclone 1 is washed by reducing technological gases due to the combustion of coal particles in oxygen with an oxygen excess coefficient of 0.6-0.9. The recovery process proceeds with a developed contact surface, which ensures complete recovery of iron, that is, the process proceeds with small losses of iron in the slag. Metal from the piggy bank 2 is removed through the hole 10 to output the molten metal. The release of metal can be carried out continuously or discretely. Oxygen lance 12, located in the piggy bank 2, allows for the afterburning of exhaust gases and eliminates the “obstruction” of the channel 11 for removing slag and flue gases, through which the slag from the piggy bank 2 is removed to the slag granulator-gasifier 3 together with the process gases, the heat of which is used for reactions gasification and part of the high-temperature gases is directed through the recirculation channel 4 by a steam-oxygen stream flowing from the nozzle 17 into the jet reactor 5. This reduces the energy costs of production. Excess gases are sent through a gas outlet 16 for disposal. Slag granulator-gasifier 3 allows you to utilize the heat of the slag by blowing it on the grate 13 with water vapor,

fed through nozzles 14. Granular slag is removed through hole 15.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the inventive device for the reduction of metal oxides is functional, and eliminates the disadvantages that occur in the prototype. Accordingly, the inventive device for the reduction of metal oxides can be used in metallurgy in order to increase productivity, reduce the negative impact on the environment, and therefore, meets the condition of "industrial applicability".

Claims (1)

A device for the reduction of metal oxides, containing a jet reactor, a melting cyclone, a piggy bank, characterized in that it is equipped with a jet reactor equipped with means for supplying charge materials, fuel and an oxidizing agent, and tangentially located in the upper part of the side surface of the melting cyclone, located in the arch of the melting cyclone a lance-electrode, in its lower part there is a gas outlet, combined with an opening for the removal of metal melt into the piggy bank, which is located under the melting cyclone and nen in the form of a ball with the possibility of tilting in the horizontal plane, and is equipped with a hole for outputting the molten metal, a channel for removing slag combined with a channel for outputting flue gases into a slag granulator-gasifier, which is made in the form of a chamber having gratings and nozzles for spraying slag located below them water vapor and gasification of carbon particles, means for removing granular slag and removal of flue gases, slag granulator-gasifier is connected to the jet reactor by a recirculation channel, made according to the principle zhektora in the form of a Venturi tube having axially nozzle for blowing steam-oxygen.