RU56623U1 - INSTALLATION FOR ASSESSING CORROSION ACTIVITY OF MOTOR OILS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for testing engine oils (MM), in particular laboratory facilities for assessing the corrosion activity of MM, and can be used in the chemical and petrochemical industry to determine the level of anticorrosive properties (PCS) of MM and their differentiation when approved for production and use in technique. The technical result is to increase the accuracy and reliability of the results of the assessment of the spacecraft MM due to the creation of real operating conditions of the oil in the internal combustion engine. The installation contains an oil bath 1, into which the test oil 2 is poured. Through the through holes in the side walls of the oil bath 1, a stepped shaft 6 is mounted on two radial ball bearings 7. A heater 10 is installed in the lower part of the oil bath 1 and there is a supply pipe 4, and the upper one has an air outlet 5. On the inner walls of the oil bath 1, a device 11 is installed for fixing the metal plate 12, which is made in the form of a segment of the cylinder, without a gap relative to its inner surface and with the working surface of the shaft 6. Above the plate 12 in the oil bath 1 there is an output element - a rod 14 of the loading device, which touches the plate 12. To bubble the test oil 2 with air in the oil bath 1, a compressor 18 is used, which is connected to the inlet pipe 5. Assessment MM spacecraft carried by the spacecraft parameters (ΔM _Cu, ΔM _{Pb, mp} ΔM) using an automated process, which installation comprises a software control unit 17. The flowchart block outputs 17 are connected to control inputs of the heater and rivodov rotation shaft and the load device. 3 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for testing engine oils (MM), in particular laboratory installations for assessing the corrosion activity (KA) of MM, and can be used in the chemical and petrochemical industry to determine the level of anticorrosive properties (PCS) of MM and their differentiation when approved for production and application in technology.

Corrosion activity of MM is characterized by the following indicators:

- loss of plate mass per unit area (g / m ² );

- increase in the metal content in oxidized oil, determined by spectral analysis;

- the external state of the copper plate.

The authors were faced with the task of developing a device that could improve the accuracy and reliability of the assessment of the spacecraft MM when modeling the actual operating conditions of ICEs.

As a result of the analysis of patents and scientific and technical literature, the following devices were identified that solve the same problem.

So, there is a known method for evaluating the MM MM on a device that contains an oil bath placed in a casing and having a lid, into which test tubes with test oil are inserted. The oil bath is heated to 140 ° C and this temperature is maintained during the test. The metal plates are inserted into the tubes, having previously fixed them on a movable ring, which is moved in a vertical plane using an electric drive.

The corrosion of the test oil in g / m ² (X) during the 50-hour test is calculated by the formula:

where G is the change in mass of the plate during the 50-hour test, g;

F - plate area, m ²

(GOST 5162-49 "Method for the determination of corrosion (according to Pinkevich)).

The test results using the laboratory method have low accuracy, because do not reflect the actual behavior of the MM in the internal combustion engine, have a longer duration and low correlation with the results of tests on the engine.

There are known stands containing small-sized or full-sized engines for evaluating spacecraft, which reproduce the conditions for the occurrence of the processes of corrosion on the metal surfaces of engine parts during their interaction with MM under operating conditions.

Evaluation of the MM MM is carried out by loss of mass of the liners of the crankshaft bearings (V. D. Reznikov, “Methods for assessing the anticorrosion properties of motor oils,” J. Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 1998, No. 5, p. 48-50). However, they are very expensive and time consuming.

Closest to the claimed technical solution and taken as a prototype is the device DK-2 NAMI, which is an oil bath in which the cassette rotates with inserted glass curved flasks. Lead plates are lowered into the test oil in the flasks. The design of the device is such that when the flask rotates, the plate is alternately washed with oil and air.

An indicator of the anticorrosion properties is the mass loss of the plate X (g / m ² ) when tested for 10 hours at a temperature of 413 ° K, related to the surface of the plate, which is determined by the following relationship:

where m is the mass loss of the plate per test, g;

S is the surface of the plate, m ² .

(A.M. Obelnitsky "Fuel and Lubricants", M., "Higher School", 1982, p.136-137).

A disadvantage of the known device is the low accuracy and reliability of the results of the assessment of the spacecraft MM, due to the lack of an assessment of the effect of friction directly on the response of modified films from the surface of metals that occurs during actual engine operation.

The technical result is to increase the accuracy and reliability of the results of the assessment of the spacecraft MM due to the creation of real operating conditions of the oil in the engine.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the installation for assessing the corrosion activity of motor oils containing a heated oil bath, metal plates for interacting with the test oil, the oil temperature sensor in the bath, the electric drive, according to the invention, through holes are made in the vertical walls of the oil bath, and the installation additionally contains a stepped shaft fixed in the holes of the vertical walls of the oil bath and connected with an electric rotation motor, a plate temperature sensor, in made in the form of a segment of a cylinder with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the step of the rotating shaft located inside the oil bath, a temperature sensor in the friction zone of the plate with the shaft, a loading device, the output element of which is mounted on the plate, mounted in the upper part of the oil bath with the possibility of interaction of its internal surface to surface

a stepped shaft, and a program control unit for controlling the sequence of operations associated with the settings of the test mode parameters, oil temperature sensors, plates and in the friction zone of the plate with the shaft and control inputs of the oil bath heater and shaft rotation drives and load device, while in the oil bath air supply and exhaust and oil drain pipe.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that it allows you to implement a method for assessing MM MM, including determining the content of copper and lead in the analyzed oil, pouring 30 ml of oil into a container in which a rotating shaft is installed, fixing a plate made of a bearing alloy in the form a cylinder segment with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the rotating shaft, above the generatrix of the shaft in the upper part of the tank. The interaction of the inner surface of the plate with the analyzed oil is carried out for 4 hours (t _isp ) when sparging with air at oil temperatures T _m , the plate T _PL and in the friction zone T _Tr equal to 120 ± 10 ° C, 160 ± 10 ° C, 180 ± 10 ° C, respectively, and the load P = 24 kG, whose vector is perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. At the end of the interaction of the plate with the analyzed oil, the copper and lead content in the oil and the mass of the metal plate are measured, and the differences in the measured parameters are used as indicators of the corrosion activity of the oil.

Figure 1 presents the block diagram of the installation for determining the spacecraft MM;

figure 2 - device for installing the plate;

figure 3 - shaft with a plate (at the time of contact - type a and b).

The installation contains an oil bath 1, into which the test oil 2 is poured. In the bottom of the oil bath 1 there is a drain pipe closed by a plug 3. At the bottom of the oil bath 1 there is an air supply pipe 4, and in the upper part there is an air discharge pipe 5. A shaft 6 is installed in the through holes of the vertical walls of the oil bath 1.

Shaft 6, made of high alloy steel and cemented to a hardness of 58 HRC, is stepped, mounted in holes

the oil bath 1 on two deep groove ball bearings 7. The portion of the shaft 6 located in the oil bath 1 has a diameter sufficient to immerse in the test oil 2 to a depth of at least 10 mm (oil volume is 30 ml). The shaft 6 is connected by an electric motor 8 of a rotation drive (with a power of N = 1.0 kW with a nominal rotation speed n _bp = 1390 min ^-1 ) through an elastic coupling 9.

To heat the oil, a heater 10 is installed in the lower part of the oil bath 1 (for example, a heating element with a power of 150 W).

On the inner walls of the oil bath 1 there is a device 11 for installing a metal plate 12, mounted, for example, at two corners. The device 11 (figure 2) is a rectangular insert, in the center of which a slot for mounting the plate 12 is made. A thermocouple 13 is installed in the hole of the rectangular insert through a fluoroplastic sleeve for measuring temperature in the friction zone T _Tr .

The plate 12 is installed in the socket of the device 11 without a gap relative to its inner surface with the working surface of the shaft 6. The plate 12 (Fig. 3) is made in the form of a segment of a cylinder with a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the step of the rotating shaft 6. The plate 12 is made of a bearing alloy used for the manufacture of crankshaft bearings for YaMZ and KamAZ engines and has a width of L = 22 mm, an arc chord length of a = 16 mm, a thickness of h = 2.7 mm and a radius of curvature R equal to the radius of the shaft 6 R = Rв = 36 mm. Above the plate 12, an output element (rod 14) of the load device is placed, which is in contact with the plate 12 before the load is created, and during the test presses on it with a force of P = 24 kG.

To measure the temperature of the test oil 2 (T _m ) using a thermocouple 15, which is placed in the housing of the working tank 1 at a height of 10 mm from the bottom. The temperature of the plate (T _PL ) is controlled by a thermocouple 16, which is mounted in the rod 14 with access to the outer surface of the plate 12.

Evaluation of the spacecraft MM is carried out according to the spacecraft indicators (ΔM _Cu , ΔM _Pb , ΔM _pl ) using an automated process, for which the installation contains a program block 17 for controlling the sequence of operations. Block 17

The control was made, as an option, on the basis of a Pentium II computer with a memory of 20 GB on a hard disk, 64 MB of RAM, a processor frequency of 600 Hz, and a CD-ROM. For the installation, a test program for MM was developed.

The outputs of the block 17 are associated with the control inputs of the heater 10 and the rotation drives of the shaft 6 and the load device.

The database of block 17 includes:

- KA MM indicators ( , - permissible values of the change in mass concentrations of Cu and Pb in the sample of the test oil per test, - allowable weight loss of the plate per test, which, for example, are for oils

groups B -

6.95 < ≤7.92 mg; = 0.0078-0.0098% of the mass .; = 0.0031-0.0050% of the mass.

groups G -

5.17 < ≤5.97 mg; = 0.0161-0.0184% of the mass .; = 0.0078-0.0097% of the mass.

groups D -

3.22 < ≤ 3.82 mg; = 0.0223-0.0243% of the mass .; = 0.0108-0.0130% by mass.)

- operating parameters of the installation (T _m , P, n _BP , t _isp ).

During the test, the block 17 receives the current values of the monitored parameters ( , , , , , )

To bubble the test oil 2 with air in the working tank 1, a compressor 18 is used, which is connected to the inlet pipe 4.

Installation work includes the following steps:

- preparation for the test;

- flushing the installation with a solvent;

- testing.

Preparing for the test. Filter the test oil 2 through a filter made of filter paper. Determine in the test oil 2 mass concentration of metals - and, atomic absorption method, which enter the block 17.

The prepared plate 12 is placed in a mechanical press to obtain a radius of curvature equal to the radius of the step of the shaft 6 located in the oil bath 1. The plate 12 is ground with a GOI paste and, using a magnifying glass, the presence of signs of corrosion, stains, and other damage is assessed on its surface. Then it is washed in a solvent, for example, toluene, dried on filter paper and weighed to the nearest 0.0002 g. The value is obtained is the initial mass value.

Flushing the system with solvent. Using a syringe, 1 solvent in an amount of 50 ml is poured into an oil bath, the unit is turned on, and washing is carried out for 2 minutes, after which the solvent is drained through the drain plug 3. The surfaces of the rod 14, temperature sensors and devices 11 are washed with a solvent using wipes, until the resinous deposits are completely removed.

Conducting a test.

In a measuring cylinder with a volume of 100 ml, test oil 2 is poured into 3/4 and mixed thoroughly for 5-10 minutes. then 30 ml is poured into the oil bath 1. Install the prepared plate 12 in a special socket of the device 11. Turn on the power to the unit, compressor 18 for sparging the oil with air, oil heater 10 in the oil bath 1 until the oil temperature T _m reaches 120 ° C, which is further controlled by thermocouple 15 and supported by control unit 17. When stabilizing the oil temperature T _m , load plate 12 with a force of P = 24 kG.

During the test, the control unit 17 receives signals from the sensors 13, 15, 16, the heater 10 and the rotation drives of the shaft 6 and the load device to maintain the set values.

After 4 hours, turn off the compressor 18, turn off the power to the unit, heater 10, remove the plate 12 from the unit, rinse it in benzene, dry it on filter paper and weigh it with an accuracy of 0.0002 g, the resulting mass is taken as the weight of the plate 12

after testing M ^u and calculate the value of the mass loss of the plate by the formula: .

From the oil bath 1 through a drain plug 3, a sample of the test oil 2 is taken and the mass concentrations of copper and lead are determined , , and calculate the magnitude of the change in mass concentrations of copper and lead in the test oil 2 after the test by the formulas: ; which enter block 17.

In block 17, for a given program, the obtained values are compared ( , , ) with valid values ( , , ) and conclude about the level of the spacecraft MM.

Test results of samples of motor oils (ASR-Premium, M-10G ₂ k (VPM), M-10G ₂ k (Cascade), M-10D (m) (VPM), M-10D (m) (Cascade), M- 5 _Z / 16D ₂ (RK)) on the device DK-2NAMI and the claimed installation are presented in the table.

Table - Test results of samples of motor oils on the prototype and the claimed installation ^* No. p / p Brand of oil The loss of mass of the plate in g / m ² Me content in oil sample,% mass. findings DK-2NAMI,
X Suggestion method,
ΔM _pl DK-2NAMI Proposed method ΔM _Cu ΔM _Pb one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 one ASR-Premium 0,0 1.80 not def. 0,0295 0.0167 to gr. E 2 M-10G ₂ k (VPM) 2.0 5.43 not def. 0.0171 0.0087 to gr. G 3 M-10G ₂ k (Cascade) 1,5 5.35 not def. 0.0167 0.0083 to gr. G four M-10D (m) (VPM) 1,0 3.82 not def. 0,0243 0.0130 to gr. D 5 M-10D (m) (Cascade) 1,0 3.57 not def. 0,0223 0.0126 to gr. D 6 M-5 _Z / 16D ₂ (RK) 1,0 3,5 not def. 0,0219 0.0124 to gr. D ^* - Tests were carried out under the following conditions: t = _isp 4 hours R b = 36 mm, n _sp = 1390 min ^-1 _mp = Vm = 30 ml, T _m = 120 ° C T 160 ° C, T _mp = 180 ° FROM

As can be seen from the table, the proposed installation gives more accurate results of the assessment of the MM MM, than the laboratory method. Indeed, according to the prototype, the SC MM is evaluated only by the loss of mass of the plate (column 3 of the table), and with a loss of mass of the plate up to 1 g / m ² inclusive, it is taken as the absence of corrosion.

In the proposed installation, not only the mass loss of the plate is taken into account, but also the change in mass concentrations of metals during the test (columns 4, 6, 7 of the table), which should not exceed the permissible values ( , , ), which makes it possible to differentiate MM by the spacecraft level and assign them to a specific operational group (column 8 of the table).

The use of the installation for assessing the corrosion activity of MM allows to increase the accuracy and reliability of the results of tests of MM, to increase the correlation with the results of tests on engines, to simulate the actual working conditions of the bearings of the engine crankshaft.

Claims (1)

Installation for assessing the corrosion activity of motor oils, containing a heated oil bath, metal plates for interacting with the test oil, an oil temperature sensor in the bath, an electric drive, characterized in that through holes are made in the vertical walls of the oil bath, and the installation further comprises a stepped shaft fixed in the holes of the vertical walls of the oil bath and connected with the electric drive of rotation, the temperature sensor of the plate, made in the form of a segment of a cylinder with a radius of curvature s, equal to the radius of the step of the rotating shaft located inside the oil bath, a temperature sensor in the friction zone of the plate with the shaft, a load device, the output element of which is mounted on the plate fixed in the upper part of the oil bath with the possibility of interaction of its inner surface with the surface of the stepped shaft, and software block for controlling the sequence of operations associated with the settings of the parameters of the test modes, oil temperature sensors, plates and in the friction zone of the plate with a shaft and control strokes of the oil bath heater and shaft rotation drives and the loading device, while in the oil bath the air supply and exhaust pipes and the oil drain pipe are made.