RU51300U1 - CABLE TAP - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to telecommunication technology and can be used in cable coupler designs that implement the function of connecting subscribers to the main buses of information transmission lines via a serial main interface. Achievable technical result is the expansion of the arsenal of cable couplers by creating a compact cable coupler design for a limited number of branches (within a few units), convenient for use in cable trunking information transmission systems, which, unlike the prototype, does not require a loop-like bend of the trunk cable for its connection and a separate mount. The cable coupler comprises an electrically conductive box body in the form of an elongated parallelepiped made of two articulated lower and upper parts. A circuit board connected to the cables is located inside the housing, carrying elements of the electrical circuit of the cable coupler. Cables are cables with a twisted shielded pair of wires. The printed circuit board is located on the insulating gasket at the bottom of the housing and abuts against the lower surface of the upper part of the housing with its dielectric elements protruding upward, for example, matching transformer housings performing galvanic isolation of the cables. Cable entry is carried out from opposite ends of the housing, and the cables in the places of their entry into the housing are located in one plane parallel to the bottom of the housing. On the outside of the case, the cables are fixed in holders associated with the case. Inside the case, the ends of the cables, cut to their shielding shells, are located on the printed circuit board on its upper conductive layer, in contact with the shielding sheaths with earth contact pads, electrically connected to each other, to the grounding pad and to the case. In preferred embodiments, the grounding pad is connected to the housing using a grounding screw; the holders are made in the form of flat brackets located on the ends of the upper and lower parts of the housing, facing each other with their curved edges to form ring-shaped fixing clamps for cables, while the brackets are pulled together by means of screw ties that interact with them and fasten the upper and lower body parts between each other.

Description

The utility model relates to telecommunication technology and can be used in cable coupler designs that implement the function of connecting subscribers to the main buses of information transmission lines via a serial main interface with centralized control used in electronic module systems.

The main technical requirements for information transmission lines over a serial trunk interface in electronic module systems are described in [1] - GOST 26765.52-87 “Serial trunk interface of an electronic module system. General requirements ”, as well as in [2] - GOST R 52070-2003“ Serial trunk system interface of electronic modules ”. In accordance with [1] and [2], the information transmission line through the serial trunk interface consists of a trunk bus and cable couplers used to connect loops of subscriber devices; The main bus and subscriber loops are made of cables with a twisted shielded pair of wires in a protective sheath. If it is necessary to ensure galvanic isolation of the main and subscriber cables, cable couplers are equipped with matching transformers and protective resistors, while the leads of the secondary windings of matching transformers are connected to the wires of the subscriber cables, and the conclusions of the primary windings through protective resistors are connected to the wires of the main cable, see, for example, [ 1, p. 18-19, drawing 9]. The design of cable couplers in [1] and [2] is not regulated, their features depend on the specific conditions of use of cable systems.

The cable coupler considered in this application is intended for use in a cable system installed in a facility, such as a vehicle, in appropriate gutters, or on brackets. Based on this, the requirements for minimizing weight and size characteristics, ease of installation, and resistance to external influences are imposed on the design of the cable coupler. Preferred are elongated structures with double-sided

longitudinal cable feeds, which create the least difficulty in laying cables both in cable channels and on the weight of the brackets.

Known described in [3] - RU No. 2228569 (C1), H 02 G 15/18, 05/10/2004, the design of a branch coupling for an electric communication cable, providing branching of the main cable in at least two directions. The coupling includes a housing with a nozzle for inputting the main cable and a ogolovnik connected to the housing with a nozzle for connecting the branch cables. The splices of the cable cores are located in a formwork filled with a sealing filler made of a film, one edge of which is hermetically fixed to the sheath of the main cable, and the second edge is hermetically fixed on the outer surface of the protrusion made on the end of the headband facing the inside of the sleeve. In this design, direct connection of the conductors of the cables to be connected is carried out and the possibility of connecting cables through the decoupling elements is not provided.

Designs of branching cable boxes in which the connection of cables is carried out, unlike [3], not by directly splicing cable cores, but using additional means of connection — patch panels and boards — possess broader possibilities for implementing various schemes of cable connections and branches.

For example, in [4] - SU No. 920931 (A1), H 02 G 3/08, 04/15/1982 the design of a junction cable box is presented, which allows the connection of two subscriber cables to the main cable. The structure of this design includes a body of insulating material, made in the form of a rectangular box. Coaxial cable entries located on two opposite sides of the housing are preferably used for the trunk cable. On one of the other two sides there are two cable entries adjacent to each other, which are preferably used for subscriber cables. At the bottom of the housing there is a patch panel combined with the housing, the conductive threaded pins of which are mounted in the stiffening ribs of the housing. In accordance with the connection diagram, the conductors of the cut trunk cable and the conductors of subscriber cables are connected to the pins; the pins are connected by conductive jumpers in accordance with the cable connection diagram; conductive jumpers and cable conductors are fixed on the pins with the corresponding nuts; the case with mounted cables is closed by a lid and fixed on the carrier panel.

The design presented in [4] makes it possible to implement a circuit with galvanic coupling of trunk and subscriber cables, for example, the circuit presented in [1, p.22, Fig. 13]. The design [4] does not provide means for the placement and connection of decoupling elements.

A similar principle of galvanic connection of cables is implemented in a junction box, the design of which is described in [5] - SU No. 1705936 (A1), H 02 G 3/08, 07/14/1989. Moreover, unlike the design [4], in the design [5], the patch panel is made as a separate structural element fixed to the bottom of the housing, which allows the housing to be made of electrically conductive material. In this case, the housing, in addition to the function of the supporting structural member, also performs the function of an electromagnetic shield for the cable connection diagram.

To implement a cable coupler with galvanic isolation of cables, designs can be used that include patch boards, on which, together with connecting elements, necessary isolation elements can be placed. Examples of such designs are cable box designs, described in particular in [6] - SU No. 674140 (A1), H 02 G 15/10, H 02 G 3/08, 07/15/1979 and [7] - SU No. 784035 (A1), H 05 K 5/00, H 02 B 13/045, H 02 G 3/08, 12/10/1980. During the development of designs [6] and [7], the technical problems of increasing the density of cable connections with a simultaneous increase in the manufacturability of the assembly were solved. The problems were solved due to the specific implementation of the boards, namely, in [6], two boards were used that are pivotally connected to each other, and in [7] a set of boards installed on top of each other with the formation of a truncated pyramid was used. Structures [6] and [7] are convenient when it is necessary to connect and branch a large number of cables and carry out installation directly at the facility. For a small number of cables (within a few units), the designs presented in [6] and [7] are excessively complex and cumbersome.

Significantly simpler in design is the cable device described in [8] - SU No. 1557618 (A1), H 02 G 15/08, 04/15/1990, which, with a certain design of a switching printed circuit board, can realize the function of a cable coupler for a cable line for transmitting information via serial trunk interface with galvanic isolation of trunk and subscriber cables. The device described in [8] is adopted as a prototype of the inventive cable coupler.

The prototype device contains a round box-shaped case made of two articulated parts equipped with internal electrically conductive screens. The first of these parts acts as a shielding base, and the second as a shielding cover. In the articulated position, both parts of the body are fixed by a heat-shrinkable tube. The bottom of the first part of the housing is equipped with nozzles for the input of shielded cables. In accordance with the location of these pipes in the screen adjacent to the bottom of the first part of the housing, the necessary windows are made for the passage of cables. Fixation of cables in the pipes is carried out using a heat-shrinkable tube. In the shielded space of the first part of the housing there is a printed circuit board that carries elements that implement the cable connection diagram. The wires coming from the cut ends of the cables are connected to the printed circuit board by means of soldering, and the shielding of the cables in the places where the cables pass through the indicated windows on the screen are connected to it using electrically conductive glue.

The design of the prototype device due to the circuit board available in it allows you to implement any desired electrical circuit for connecting cables, including the standard circuit of a cable coupler with galvanic isolation of the main and subscriber cables, presented in [1, pp. 18-19, Fig. 9] . The design of the prototype device is characterized by compactness, ease of installation, the possibility of dismantling and re-installation at the facility. At the same time, for dismantling, it is enough to cut the heat-shrinkable tube and remove the cover, thereby opening access to the printed circuit board for measurements and / or soldering of wires, after which you need to put the cover back on and fix it with a heat-shrinkable tube.

However, the design of the prototype device, providing for a one-sided supply of cables from the bottom of the case, is not always convenient for the laying conditions of the cable system. In particular, the use of a prototype device requires a loop-shaped bend of the main cable supplied to it. In addition to the fact that such a loop requires space for its placement, the device located at the end of the loop often requires its separate fastening on the supporting structure, in particular, in cases where the cable system functions under vibration conditions.

The technical problem to which the claimed utility model is directed is to expand the arsenal of cable couplers by creating a compact

the design of a cable coupler for a limited number of branches (within a few units), convenient for use in cable trunking information transmission systems, which, unlike the prototype, does not require a loop-shaped bend of the trunk cable and a separate mount for its connection.

The essence of the claimed utility model is as follows. The cable coupler contains a box-shaped housing consisting of articulated lower and upper parts, the first of which acts as a shielding base, and the second as a shielding cover, with a printed circuit board connected to the cables in the interior of the housing carrying elements of the electrical circuit of the cable coupler . Unlike the prototype, the case has the shape of an elongated parallelepiped and is made of electrically conductive material, cables, which are cables with a twisted shielded pair of wires, are introduced into the interior of the case from opposite ends of the case, and the cables in the places of their entry into the case are located in one plane parallel to the bottom of the case, on the outside of the case the lead-in cables are fixed in the holders connected to the case, and in the interior of the case the ends of the cable , cut to their shielding shells, are located on the printed circuit board on its upper conductive layer, contacting the shielding shells with the corresponding earth pads, electrically connected to each other and to the housing, while the printed circuit board is located on the insulating gasket at the bottom of the housing and rests on its protruding up by dielectric elements to the lower surface of the upper part of the housing.

In the embodiments having predominant practical value, the holders that fix the input cables from the outside of the case are made in the form of flat brackets located on the ends of the upper and lower parts of the case facing each other with their curved edges to form ring-shaped fixing clamps for cables, when In this case, the brackets belonging to the upper and lower parts of the housing are attracted to each other by means of screw ties that interact with them, which fasten the upper and lower parts the housing together; the indicated electrical connection of the earth contact pads with the case is realized with the help of a grounding screw connecting the lower part of the case and the grounding located in the upper conductive layer of the printed circuit board

a pad electrically connected to earth pads; as dielectric elements providing the emphasis of the printed circuit board in the lower surface of the upper part of the housing, the housings of matching transformers located on the printed circuit board are used, performing galvanic isolation of the main and subscriber cables.

The essence of the utility model and the possibility of its implementation are illustrated by the drawings presented in figures 1-4, illustrating an example of the inventive cable coupler in the variant of the "loop through" cable coupler, providing connection to the main cable of two subscriber cables with galvanic isolation between them.

Figure 1 presents an example of a structural embodiment of the inventive cable coupler, a General view in section;

figure 2 is the same, a top view in section (printed conductors on a printed circuit board conventionally not shown);

figure 3 is a view from the side of the first end (on an enlarged scale), explaining the implementation of the holder;

figure 4 is a functional diagram.

The inventive cable coupler in the considered embodiment includes a box-shaped housing 1 having the shape of an elongated parallelepiped, consisting of two articulated parts - the lower part 2 and the upper part 3 (Figs. 1, 2, 3); both parts 2, 3 are made of an electrically conductive material, mainly of metal, for example, of sheet steel with a protective anti-corrosion coating. In this case, the lower part 2 performs the function of a shielding base, and the upper part 3 - the function of a shielding cover.

In the internal space of the housing 1 is a printed circuit board 4, bearing the elements of the electrical circuit of the cable coupler.

In the case under consideration, a “pass-through” cable coupler connecting two subscriber cables to the main cable with galvanic isolation between them, the ends of the cut main cable 5 (ends 5 ₁ and 5 ₂ ) and the ends of subscriber cables 6 and 7 (FIG. .1-4). Cables 5, 6 and 7 are cables with a twisted shielded pair of wires in a protective dielectric sheath, for example, cables of the type KVSF-75 TU 16.705.198-81 or similar.

The cable coupler circuit performed on the circuit board 4 in this case contains four protective resistors 8 and two matching transformers 9, which provide galvanic isolation of the main cable 5 and subscriber cables 6 and 7 (Figs. 1, 2, 4); all elements are located in the upper conductive layer of the circuit board 4 (Fig.1, 2). As matching transformers 9 are used, for example, transformers of the type "TIL 3B" or similar. The conclusions of the primary windings 10 of the matching transformers 9 are connected through the respective protective resistors 8 to the printed conductors connecting the same name wires on the printed circuit board 4 of the cut main cable 5, namely, the ends 11 ₁ and 11 ₂ , 12 ₁ and 12 _{2 of the} cut wires 11 and 12 of the cable 5, and the terminals of the secondary windings 13 of the matching transformers 9 are connected on the printed circuit board 4 to the wires 14 and 15 of the subscriber cable 6 and to the wires 16 and 17 of the subscriber cable 7 (Fig. 4). The shielding sheaths 18 of the cables 5, 6 and 7 are in contact on the printed circuit board 4 with the earthing pads 19, electrically connected by the corresponding printed conductors to the grounding pad 20 (FIGS. 2, 4); all of these pads 19 and 20 are located in the upper conductive layer of the printed circuit board 4 (figure 2).

The printed circuit board 4 is located at the bottom of the housing 1, i.e. on the upper surface 21 of the lower part 2 of the housing 1, on the insulating strip 22, abutting with its protruding dielectric elements against the lower surface 23 of its upper part 3. In this example, these dielectric elements are the housing of the matching transformers 9 (Fig. 1).

In practical constructions, the width of the printed circuit board 4 is selected as minimal as possible based on the width of the housing of the matching transformer 9, and the length is based on the convenience of placement and installation of circuit elements of the cable coupler. The dimensions of the internal cavity of the housing 1 are selected as minimal as possible on the basis of the dimensions of the printed circuit board 1, the height of the housing of the matching transformer 9 and the thickness of the insulating gasket 22, and are selected so that in the assembled design there is provided an emphasis on the cases of the matching transformers 9 in the lower surface 23 of the upper part 3 of the housing 1 (figure 1).

The printed circuit board 4 is connected to the housing 1 through the grounding screw 24. The grounding screw 24 passes through the through hole made in the printed circuit board 4 in the grounding pad 20, in contact with its head, then passes through the through hole made in the insulating strip 22 and screwed in threaded

a hole made in the lower part 2 of the housing 1 (Fig.1, 2). This implements the electrical connection of the grounding pad 20 and the associated earth pads 19 with the housing 1.

The input of cables 5, 6 and 7 into the inner space of the housing 1 is carried out from opposite end sides 25 and 26 of the housing 1. In the example under consideration, from the first end side 25, the first end 5 _{1 of the} main cable 5 and the end of the subscriber cable 6 enter the inner space of the housing 1, and from the opposite end side 26, the second end 52 of the trunk cable 5 and the end of the subscriber cable 7 enter the interior of the housing 1; the ends 5 ₁ and 5 _{2 of the} trunk cable 5 and the ends of the subscriber cables 6 and 7 at the points of their entry into the housing 1 are located in one plane parallel to the bottom of the housing 1, i.e. the upper surface 21 of the lower part 2 of the housing 1 (Fig.1-3).

In the inner space of the housing 1, the ends 5 ₁ and 5 _{2 of the} main cable 5 and the ends of the subscriber cables 6 and 7, cut to their shielding shells 18, are located on the printed circuit board 4 on its upper conductive layer, in contact with these shielding shells 18 with the corresponding ground contact pads 19 (Figs. 1, 2, 4), The places of interaction of the shielding shells 18 with the earthen pads 19 are soldered. The earth contact pads 19, as described above, are connected electrically with each other and with the grounding pad 20 (FIG. 4), using the corresponding printed conductors, which, in turn, is connected with the grounding screw 24 to the housing 1. This ensures electrical the connection of the shielding shells 18 of the cables 5, 6 and 7 with the housing 1, and their connection with the housing 1 is carried out at one point determined by the connection of the grounding screw 24 with the lower part 2 of the housing 1.

On the outside of the housing 1, the ends 5 ₁ and 5 _{2 of the} supplied main cable 5 and the ends of the supplied subscriber cables 6 and 7 are fixed in the holders 27, structurally connected with the housing 1. In this example, the holders 27 are made in the form of lower 2 and upper 3 located on the ends parts of the housing 1 of two pairs of flat brackets 28 and 29 facing each other with their bent edges to form ring-shaped fixing clips for cables (Fig.3, 2). Flat brackets 28 and 29 are attracted to each other by means of screw ties interacting with them, ensuring fastening of the lower 2 and upper 3 parts of the housing 1 to each other and, at the same time, clamping the cables between the brackets 28 and 29. In the considered

As an example, these screw ties are implemented as screws 30 passing through through holes made in brackets 29 and screwed into threaded holes made in brackets 28, while the location of the holes in brackets 28 and 29 is such that the screws 30 pass between clamped cables ( figure 2, 3).

In this example, the brackets 29 belonging to the upper part 3 of the housing 1, are included with their bent edges into the brackets 28 belonging to the lower part 2 of the housing 1 (Fig.3). With this design solution, the bent edges of the brackets 29 serve as limiters that prevent the cable from being clamped when the screws 30 are tightened.

Thus, with the help of two screws 30, the upper 3 and lower 2 parts of the housing 1 are simultaneously fastened together and the input cables 5, 6 and 7 are fixed in the holders 27. In this case, the printed circuit board 4 is securely fixed in the internal space of the housing 1, first, due to the considered fastening of it to the lower part 2 of the housing 1 by the grounding screw 24, and secondly, due to the stop of the housings of the matching transformers 9 in the lower surface 23 of the upper part 3 of the housing 1. The advantages of this design solution are ostota performance and the possibility of cable coupler in a minimum of space while providing the necessary strength and rigidity.

In practical constructions related to the case of a “loop through” cable coupler for two subscribers with galvanic isolation of cables, the dimensions of the cable coupler are 82 × 14 × 10 mm (length, width, height), and its weight (excluding cables) is 30 grams .

Such weight and size characteristics of the inventive cable coupler, along with structural strength and end-to-end cable supply, determine the convenience and prospects of its use in cable systems of information transmission lines via a serial trunk interface. At the same time, the inventive cable coupler, unlike the prototype, does not require a loop-shaped bend of the main cable and a separate fastener: it can hang with the cable on the brackets or is located together with the cable in the corresponding channel.

The inventive cable coupler is manufactured and mounted as part of the cable system mainly in stationary production conditions. At the same time, depending on the upcoming operating conditions, it can be, if necessary, additionally sealed. In this case, the cable coupler

together with the cables brought to it, it is placed in a segment of a heat-shrinkable tube, after which the heat-shrinkable tube is heated, and after its shrinkage, the sealant is pumped into its ends.

In addition to the case considered in this application for the implementation of the inventive cable coupler in the embodiment of a “loop through” cable coupler that connects two subscriber cables 6 and 7 to the main cable 5 with galvanic isolation between them, the inventive cable coupler can be made in the form of an “end” cable coupler. In this case, on the printed circuit board 4, an additional terminating resistor with a resistance corresponding to the wave impedance of the cable (not shown in Figs. 1-4) is connected parallel to the wires 11 and 12 of the main cable 5.

Thus, from the discussion it follows that the claimed utility model is feasible and solves the problem of expanding the arsenal of cable couplers by creating a compact cable coupler design for a limited number of branches (within a few units), convenient for use in cable trunk systems that do not require information transfer , in comparison with the prototype, a loop-shaped bend of the main cable and a separate mounting.

Information sources

1. GOST 26765.52-87. The interface is a serial serial system of electronic modules. General requirements.

2. GOST R 52070-2003. The interface is a serial serial system of electronic modules.

3. RU No. 2228569 (C1), H 02 G 15/18, publ. 05/10/2004.

4. SU No. 920931 (A1), H 02 G 3/08, publ. 04/15/1982.

5. SU No. 1705936 (A1), H 02 G 3/08, publ. 07/14/1989.

6. SU No. 674140 (A1), H 02 G 15/10, H 02 G 3/08, publ. 07/15/1979.

7. SU No. 784035 (A1), H 05 K 5/00, H 02 B 13/045, H 02 G 3/08, publ. 12/10/1980.

8. SU No. 1557618 (A1), H 02 G 15/08, publ. 04/15/1990.

Claims (4)

1. A cable coupler comprising a box-shaped housing consisting of articulated lower and upper parts, the first of which acts as a shielding base and the second as a shielding cover, with a printed circuit board connected to the cables in the interior of the housing carrying electrical components cable coupler circuits, characterized in that the casing has the shape of an elongated parallelepiped and is made of electrically conductive material, the input into the interior of the cable casing, representing cables with a twisted shielded pair of wires is carried out from opposite end sides of the case, and the cables at the points of their entry into the case are located in one plane parallel to the bottom of the case, on the outside of the case the lead-in cables are fixed in holders connected to the case, and in the inner the space of the housing, the ends of the cables, cut to their shielding shells, are located on the printed circuit board on its upper conductive layer, in contact with the shielding sheaths with the corresponding earth contact pads, electrically connected with each other and with the housing, while the printed circuit board is located on an insulating gasket at the bottom of the housing and abuts with its protruding dielectric elements on the lower surface of the upper part of the housing. 2. The cable coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the holders that fix the input cables from the outside of the housing are made in the form of flat brackets located on the ends of the upper and lower parts of the housing facing each other with their curved edges to form ring-shaped fixing clips for cables, while the brackets belonging to the upper and lower parts of the housing are attracted to each other by means of screw ties that interact with them, which fasten the upper and lower parts of the housing together. 3. The cable coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrical connection of the earthing pads to the casing is realized using an earthing screw connecting the lower part of the casing and a grounding pad located in the upper conductive layer of the printed circuit board that is connected electrically to the earthing pads. 4. The cable coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that as the dielectric elements supporting the printed circuit board in the lower surface of the upper part of the housing, the housings of matching transformers placed on the printed circuit board are used, performing galvanic isolation of the main and subscriber cables.