RU50234U1 - WATERPROOFING COVERING BUILDING STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURES - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of construction and repair of housing and communal services and can be widely used in the following areas: - for the installation and repair of waterproofing of roofs of administrative and residential buildings, sports facilities; - for the installation and repair of waterproofing of underground utilities, collectors, treatment and hydraulic structures, drains; - for waterproofing tunnels, underpasses, bridge and building structures for various purposes; - for the installation of operated roofs and helipads on the roofs of high-rise buildings; for plastering and repair of facades of buildings for various purposes; for waterproofing basements and technical floors. The objective of this technical solution is to create a waterproofing coating of building structures and structures directly at a construction site, having a high quality of waterproofing, durability and reliability of the waterproofing of the coating under possible mechanical impacts on it, having a low labor intensity of its construction, ensuring high rates of construction work carried out directly on the building object. This is achieved by the fact that the waterproofing coating of building structures and structures is made in the form of a monolithic coating located on a primed base, preferably in the form of a plate, of fiberglass concrete (SFB), 9-15 mm thick, layers of which are 3-5 mm thick each, applied by air spray with rolling of each layer of SFB, and each layer contains distributed in the matrix volume

concrete fiber reinforcement made of alkali-resistant glass fiber in the form of segments 6.0-40.0 mm long, preferably 6.0-21.0 mm. The design of the waterproofing coating of building structures and structures is such that the fiber content in the concrete mass is from 1.0 to 5.0%, and fine-grained concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.45 on Portland cement or alumina cement of grades not used is used as concrete below 400, or on a modified Portland cement with an ultrafine silica additive or a binder of low water consumption (BHW), as well as quartz sand with a grain size of 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm, and layers of SFB are sprayed under pressure m 0.15-0.5 MPa, and in places waterproofing covering of joints made by 1.0-2.0 m in mutually perpendicular directions temperature-contraction joints at least 5.0 mm wide. When the device is coated around the perimeter of parts of building structures or structures that protrude into the coating, for example, drain funnels, pipes, it contains stacked and sealed strands of fiberglass previously moistened with a cement slurry.

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of construction and repair of housing and communal services and can be widely used in the following areas:

- for the device and repair of waterproofing of roofs of administrative and residential buildings, sports facilities;

- for the installation and repair of waterproofing of underground utilities, collectors, treatment and hydraulic structures, drains;

- for waterproofing tunnels, underpasses, bridge and building structures for various purposes;

- for the installation of operated roofs and helipads on the roofs of high-rise buildings;

- for plastering and repair of facades of buildings for various purposes;

- for waterproofing basements and technical floors.

Known uncoated waterproofing coatings in the form of vapor barrier, insulation to which a rolled carpet is glued, the lower layer of which is made of glass roofing material (SU No. 775258, 1980).

A known design of a waterproofing coating made in the form of a two-layer tile, in which the lower layer of the tile, in order to increase its water resistance, is made of fiber-reinforced concrete, and the upper

cement coating (RU 2099489), however, such a coating can only be made in the factory. However, the tiled waterproofing device is applicable only to the roof and requires reinforced crates for laying and securing tiles, skilled labor and increased safety measures during work.

Also known are multilayer coatings glued with bituminous or other adhesive mastics and include a primer, waterproofing and a compensating layer located between them (SU No. 688580, 1979).

The closest known structure is a waterproofing coating in the form of a dispersion-reinforced spray-concrete coating layer applied to the wall, made by supplying concrete mixture through a hose under compressed air pressure, mixing the mixture with water, introducing fiber reinforcement into the mixture and applying a coating layer under air pressure, before applying a spray concrete coating, the wall was covered with an electrically insulating material to create, providing adhesion, the potential difference between it and the applied mother scarlet (SU No. 1802146, 1993).

Such waterproofing coatings have a number of common disadvantages: they are not durable, because easily deformed under mechanical stress, time-consuming, require increased safety measures during work and tight control over operation. These coatings are subject to alternating temperature deformations, they are not homogeneous, have seams that open during operation. Due to possible burns and temperature unevenness when laying rolled materials, the structure of the protective layer is violated, this leads to a deterioration in the physico-mechanical properties of the protective coating and does not guarantee the roof from leaks.

The objective of this technical solution is to create

directly at the construction site of the waterproofing coating of building structures and structures, having a high quality of waterproofing, durability and reliability of the waterproofing of the coating under possible mechanical impacts on it, having a low laboriousness of its construction, ensuring high rates of construction work carried out directly on the construction site.

This is achieved by the fact that the waterproofing coating of building structures and structures is made in the form of a monolithic coating located on a primed base, preferably in the form of a plate, of fiberglass concrete (SFB), 9-15 mm thick, layers of which are 3-5 mm thick each, applied by air spray with rolling each layer of SFB, and each layer contains fiber reinforcement made of alkali-resistant glass fiber distributed in the volume of the concrete matrix in the form of segments 6.0–40.0 mm long, preferably 6.0–21.0 mm. The design of the waterproofing coating of building structures and structures is such that the fiber content in the concrete mass is from 1.0 to 5.0%, and fine-grained concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.45 on Portland cement or alumina cement of grades not used is used as concrete below 400, or on a modified Portland cement with an ultrafine silica additive or on a binder of low water consumption (BHW), as well as quartz sand with a grain size of up to 2.5 mm, and layers of SFB are applied by air spray under a pressure of 0.15-0.5 Pa, and in places waterproofing covering of joints made by 1.0-2.0 m in mutually perpendicular directions temperature-contraction joints at least 5.0 mm wide. When the device is coated around the perimeter of parts of building structures or structures that protrude into the coating, for example, drain funnels, pipe inlets, it contains stacked and sealed strands of fiberglass, previously

moistened with cement slurry.

The drawing shows a waterproofing coating of building structures and structures.

As examples of implementation, the following structures can be considered, characterized by the material used for their manufacture, which determines the process of construction of the structure itself.

The task of creating a reliable and lightweight waterproofing coating 1 is provided by applying to the prepared (primed) base 2 a layer of SFB 9-15 mm thick, which is applied in three layers 3 of a thickness of 3-5 mm (conventionally marked with lines in the drawing). To ensure the required density of each layer in the final product, it is compacted with a special (know-how of the developer) tool, which provides additional compaction of the glass fiber in the concrete mass. As a result of this, an SFB was obtained, which is a composite material, including fiber reinforcement (chopped fiberglass) additionally distributed in the volume of concrete (in the matrix). For the manufacture of SFB, an alkali-resistant glass fiber is used in the form of segments of complex filaments made according to TU 21-38-223 from glass: Щ-15ЖТ. SC-6, SC-6PU, having indicators:

- Density 0.00255-0.00249 kg / cm ³ ;

- Tensile strength - 3515-4920 MPa;

- The modulus of elasticity in tension "E" - 73820-87890 MPa.

Preferably, fibers up to 15 mm long are used in the coating. Changing the length of the fibers leads either to a decrease in the adhesion and reliability of the anchoring of glass fibers in the concrete matrix, which leads to reliable adhesion of the SFB to the protected surface, or to a significant decrease in the density of the SFB, and consequently to an increase in water permeability and lower frost resistance.

For the manufacture of SFB, fine-grained concrete (matrix) is used on

fine dense aggregate according to GOST 8736, Portland cement according to GOST 10178 or alumina cement according to GOST 969 grades no lower than 400. Modified Portland cement with ultrafine silica additive or VNV according to TU 21-26-20 or BIO-NM additive on quartz can be used sand with grain sizes from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm in accordance with GOST 8736.

According to the results of certification tests of the State Unitary Enterprise NIIIZhB, a waterproofing coating made of SFB has the following characteristics:

- Compression strength - 57.7 MPa, the standard value according to GOST 10180-90 is not less than 25- (32.74);

- Tensile strength when bending the concrete matrix - 11.0 MPa, according to GOST 10180-90 - not less than 10.0;

- Water absorption of 12%, which corresponds to GOST 12730.3 - 78.

- Frost resistance of 150-300 cycles;

- Water resistant W 12-20.

The fiber content in the mass of concrete is from 1.0 to 5.0%, preferably from 1.5 to 3.0%. Changing these parameters beyond the limit values leads to a deterioration in frost resistance or water resistance of the SFR.

When installing waterproofing from SFB on the coating, as a rule, there are no technological joints and seams, which further improves the operational properties of the protective coating and allows you to arrange flat operated roofs without significant additional costs.

SFB coating is highly durable and extremely resistant to mechanical stress.

The protective layer of SFB is applied by air spray with a spray gun (at the place of work directly on the construction site).

object) under a pressure of 0.15-0.5 MPa and does not require preliminary heating and adhesive materials, including bitumen and various mastics.

Application of protective coating SFB is allowed without special additives at an ambient temperature of at least + 5 ° C.

When installing SFB coatings in winter conditions at temperatures up to -10 ° C, it is necessary to use antifrosty additives of sodium nitrite with calcium chloride (GOST 450-77), which are introduced into the cement mortar in a ratio of 2: 1 in the amount of 6-7% of the cement mass. The water-cement ratio is in the range of 0.4-0.45, which characterizes the optimal mobility limits of the mixture necessary for its laying with a spray gun. The introduction of plasticizing additives SDB or SPD reduces W / C to 0.35-0.42.

In order to reduce the consumption of SFB during the work, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work, including cleaning the work surface of debris, dust, dirt, excess water, bitumen and oil stains, rust. Seal cement-sand mortar shells, cracks, chips, cavities with a depth of 10 mm. When repairing a soft roof, it is necessary to additionally: remove the exfoliated upper layer, remove the bubbles.

Duration of setting of the SFR: the beginning of at least 20 minutes, the end of not more than 14 hours. The ductility of the SFB should correspond to the immersion depth of the standard StroyTsNIL cone - 9-10 mm.

Application of a waterproofing protective coating from SFB to the working surface is carried out directly at the construction site by air spray. At the same time, for combined and synchronous supply of fine-grained mixture and fiberglass, for chopping glass roving and feeding the finished mixture of SFB into the nozzle under the influence of compressed air, a spray gun manufactured by the English company Power Sprite is used, having the following parameters:

- Fiber consumption at a nominal operating mode - 600 g / min, fiber length (in standard version) 31 mm, the possibility of an adjustable fiber length of 40-31-25-12-6 mm;

- The supply of fine-grained mixture is carried out to the nozzle through an annular (with inclined grooves) channel with a fiber flow girth;

- The introduction of fiber into the concrete mixture and the spraying of the working mixture (SFB) is provided by compressed air with the formation of a single composite in the working area of the torch;

- The output of the mixture is regulated, the flow rate of the mixture at a nominal operating mode of 12 kg / m, the flow rate of compressed air is 1000 l / min;

- Overall dimensions of the spray gun 27 × 21 × 28 cm, weight 3.5 kg.

The spray gun has a water supply system for flushing the gun after work.

To supply cement mortar - fine-grained concrete to the gun, a pump is used in the form of a rotor with a screw feed, which has a speed variator with a control limit of 0-25 l / min, a three-phase electric motor with a power of 1.5 kW.

The pump has a loading hopper with a capacity of 75 l, ensures stable operation of the spray gun at a distance of up to 30 m.

Fine-grained concrete is prepared in mixers with a volume of up to 80 kg by weight (40 l by volume), mixing time of up to 45 seconds, electric motor power 4 kW., Rotation speed of the working body of the mixer 1435 rpm.

Productivity when applying a protective layer with a thickness of 10-12 mm is 5.0-6.0 m ² / h, compressed air consumption is 1 cubic meter. m / min., the consumption of fiberglass depending on the thickness of the waterproofing coating of 0.2-0.4 kg / m ² .

The nominal productivity of the installation (at a pressure of P = 7 bar) for fiberglass is 600 g / min, for a fine-grained mixture - 12 kg / min, fiber reinforcement coefficient of 1-3%, air consumption 1.0m ³ / min.

SFB coating technology includes the following stages:

- preparation of the surface for applying SFB;

- preparation of fine-grained concrete with or without functional additives;

- transportation of the finished solution to the spray gun is provided with a mortar pump;

- care for hardening coating SFB.

The type of mixer solution is selected depending on the amount of work.

When overloaded from the mixer into the mortar pump, it is recommended to strain the prepared solution through a vibrating screen with a mesh size of 2 × 2 mm in order to avoid unwanted clogging of the spray gun.

Glass roving enters the cutting unit of the spray gun, where it is crushed into segments of 15-21 mm, which is determined by the number of knives in the cutting drum.

Glass fiber segments through the injector are drawn into the nozzle channel, where it is introduced into the concrete mass.

The application of SPS lead grips (1.5 × 6 m).

At the joints of the protective layer provide heat-shrinkable joints 4 with a width of at least 5.0 mm, which are arranged, preferably, after 1.5 m in mutually perpendicular directions.

Places of drain funnels, pipe entry, and other protruding parts in the production area are processed by the FSB in the first place. Before applying SFB, strands of fiberglass, previously moistened with a cement slurry, and which are carefully compacted, are laid around the perimeter of the protruding parts.

A surface is considered ready for processing if it meets the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings".

The quality of the cementitious mortar and hardening SFB is controlled by:

- Plasticity of the binder - GOST 5802-86 "Building solutions.

Test methods ";

- Setting time, uniformity of volume change - GOST 310.3-76 "Cements. Methods for determining normal density, setting time and uniformity of volume change"

- Bending strength - GOST 310.4-81 "Cements. Methods for determining the tensile strength in bending and compression";

- Water tightness - GOST 12730.5-84 "Concretes. Methods of determination of water tightness";

The hardened coating SFB should not have cracks, peel off from the base and crumble.

When tapping the cover with a wooden hammer, it should not emit dull sounds.

Detected areas with coating defects must be removed, the surface re-cleaned and applied SPS again.

The work on the SFB device is carried out by a team of three people, including: - the driver of the preparation of fine-grained concrete mix, the operator working with the gun - sprayer of the SFB, the compressor - it provides sealing (packing) of the applied layer of SFB with a special tool.

When carrying out work, one should be guided by the requirements of the chapter SNiP 111-4-93 "Safety in construction".

Claims (4)

1. The waterproofing coating of building structures and structures, made in the form of a monolithic coating located on a primed base, preferably in the form of a plate, of fiberglass concrete (SFB), the layers of which are applied by air spray with packing of each layer of SFB, and each layer contains distributed in the volume of the concrete matrix in in the form of segments of fiber reinforcement made of alkali-resistant glass fiber. 2. The waterproofing coating of building structures according to claim 1, which is made in the form of a plate with a thickness of 9-15 mm, the layers of which have a thickness of 3-5 mm each, and fiber reinforcement made of alkali-resistant glass fiber has the form of lengths of 6.0- 40.0 mm, preferably 6.0-21.0 mm. 3. The waterproofing coating of building structures according to claim 1 or 2, in which the fiber content in the mass of concrete is from 1.0 to 5.0%, and fine-grained concrete with a water-cement ratio of 0.35-0.45 is used as concrete on Portland cement or alumina cement of grades no lower than 400, or on modified Portland cement with an ultrafine silica additive or a binder of low water consumption (VNV), as well as silica sand with a grain size of up to 2.5 mm, and layers of SFB are applied by air spray under pressure 0, 15-0.5 MPa and at the joints of the waterproofing coating made in 1.0-2.0 m in mutually perpendicular directions heat-shrinkable joints with a width of at least 5.0 mm. 4. Waterproofing coating of building structures and structures according to claim 1 or 2, which contains around the perimeter of the details of building structures or structures protruding into the coating, for example, drain funnels, pipe entry, stacked and sealed strands of fiberglass, previously moistened with a cement slurry.