RU47016U1 - Hinged rear airborne distributor of bulk material - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to municipal engineering, in particular to devices for scattering sand and anti-icing reagents during winter maintenance of the carriageway of roads, streets, sidewalks, squares, platforms, platforms, driveways, lanes, parks, squares and other objects of settlements. Technical tasks - high-quality preparation and pouring on the roadbed of well-crushed material, while working with loose material of any quality, both in the degree of caking and in solid inclusions (stones, etc.), there is no need for preliminary preparation (sieving and etc.) of the material before it is loaded into the storage hopper, a significant reduction in the energy intensity of the process and due to this energy supply to the device only from the standard systems of the base vehicle. Active means of crushing are made in the middle of the storage hopper in the form of one or more crushing shafts with crushing blades. The tool for sorting oversized pieces is implemented in the form of a constant-width exhaust gap of the adjustable width through the entire length of the unloading shaft by adjusting the position of one movable inclined wall of the storage hopper relative to the unloading shaft. Oversize removal tool is implemented by a shaft spiral that moves oversized pieces that are not pressed by it into the outlet slot to the output shaft outlet on the side of the storage hopper. In addition, a removable container for collecting oversized pieces is installed at the output of the unloading shaft on the side of the storage hopper. The driving engine is a hydraulic motor powered only from the standard hydraulic system of the base vehicle, mainly a dump truck, the pneumatic regulator is also a regulator of the position of the movable inclined wall of the storage hopper, it is also powered only from the standard pneumatic system of the base vehicle.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to municipal engineering, in particular to devices for scattering sand and anti-icing reagents during winter maintenance of the carriageway of roads, streets, sidewalks, squares, platforms, platforms, driveways, lanes, parks, squares and other objects of settlements.

State of the art

A device for spreading anti-ice and other bulk materials is known from the patent literature (RF Patent No. 2139970, IPC E 01 H 10/00, publ. 1999.10.20), which is taken as a prototype of the proposed utility model. The device comprises a lifting body mounted on the frame of the base chassis, a storage hopper with a horizontal spiral auger and a spreading disc. The storage hopper is equipped with a shutter at the outlet under the screw above the disk and the cover in the form of a spring installed with the possibility of rotation around the axis of the grate. An emphasis is fixed on the rear wall of the body to interact with the grill. The device for spreading anti-icing and other bulk materials is hung, mounted or attached to the base chassis, tractor, car, grader or any vehicle.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of its design, its manufacture, high energy consumption and low quality of the resulting spreading material.

Utility Model Disclosure

One of the problems encountered in the processing of coatings to eliminate winter slippage is the preparation of materials for distribution. The materials are caked during open storage, as a result, the material in the distributors clogs the gaps or you have to increase the output gap, put gratings on the car body or sift the material additionally. All this leads to additional costs and increased material consumption.

The technical problems solved by the proposed device are high-quality preparation and pouring on the roadbed of well-crushed material, while working with loose material of any quality, both in the degree of caking and in solid inclusions (stones, etc.), there is no need for preliminary

preparation (sifting, etc.) of the material before it is loaded into the storage hopper, a significant reduction in the energy intensity of the process and due to this the power supply of the device only from the standard systems of the base vehicle.

The greatest advantages are ease of use and the ability to use the hydraulic distributor of the dump truck itself to drive the distributor. This allows you to use any dump truck that is at the disposal of the road organization, without additional hydraulic chassis.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the hinged rear side bulk material distributor comprises a material storage hopper from the lifting body of the base vehicle. The storage hopper tapers down in thickness to the horizontal discharge shaft with a spiral. There are passive and active means of crushing pieces of material, sorting and removing oversized pieces in the material. The rotation of the unloading shaft and active means is produced through a kinematic transmission system from a common drive motor. There are fastenings of the canopy of the storage hopper to the rear side of the body of the base vehicle.

In this case, it is noteworthy that the active means of crushing are made in the middle part of the storage hopper in the form of one or more crushing shafts with crushing blades. The tool for sorting oversized pieces is implemented in the form of a constant-width exhaust gap of the adjustable width through the entire length of the unloading shaft by adjusting the position of one movable inclined wall of the storage hopper relative to the unloading shaft. Oversize removal tool is implemented by a shaft spiral that moves oversized pieces that are not pressed by it into the outlet slot to the output shaft outlet on the side of the storage hopper.

More specifically and additionally: the material distributor contains rubber plates on the lower edges of the inclined walls of the storage hopper and a compression spring for sealing the joint along the entire length of the unloading shaft with a low metal spiral with a second fixed inclined wall of the storage hopper. At the output of the unloading shaft, a removable container for collecting oversized pieces is installed on the side of the storage hopper.

The material distributor contains two crushing shafts: the upper one for preliminary coarse crushing and the lower one for final crushing of the material.

The driving engine is a hydraulic motor powered only from the standard hydraulic system of the base vehicle, mainly a dump truck, the pneumatic regulator is also a regulator of the position of the movable inclined wall of the storage hopper, it is also powered only from the standard pneumatic system of the base vehicle. It is possible to automatically control the speed of rotation of the drive motor and therefore the speeds of rotation of the shafts depending on the speed of the vehicle, mainly 30 ... 45 km / h.

The material distributor further comprises retractable support legs for mounting it on a flat surface after it has been removed from the body of the base vehicle.

The device used appropriate control, sensor and signal equipment.

Brief description of the drawing.

Figure 1 - schematic view of the device in isometric

In the figure, the numbers indicate the following elements of the device: 1 - storage hopper with an upper opening for loading material from the body of a dump truck; 2 - movable lower inclined wall of the storage hopper; 3 - fixed lower inclined wall of the storage hopper; 4 - rubber plates on the edges of inclined walls; 5 - adjustable outlet gap (gap) between the unloading shaft and the movable inclined wall (its rubber plate); 6 - unloading shaft; 7 - a low metal spiral of the unloading shaft; 8 - capacity for collecting oversized pieces (particles); 9 - crushing shafts with crushing blades; 10 - kinematic transmission to all shafts from a common drive motor; 11 - a common drive motor; 12 - fastening the canopy of the device to the rear side of the dump truck. The schematic drawing does not show: the position controller of the movable inclined wall, the clamping spring of the fixed inclined wall, retractable pillars; necessary control, sensor and signaling equipment. The arrows indicate the direction of rotation of the unloading shaft and the directions of loading and unloading of bulk material and oversized pieces.

Implementation of a utility model.

The main advantages of the proposed distributor, confirmed by the practice of using a production model of the device:

- the presence of the grinding regime does not require additional screening and grinding of materials when loading into the car body.

- shredding of the material eliminates the possibility of congestion on the shaft of the distributor and maintains evenness of dusting in all modes of operation of the car.

- oversized stones do not fall on tight roads, but move into a separate container.

- loose material is distributed on the road not in a heap, but in even layers and with a given size;

- the distributor works from hydraulics and pneumatics of the car itself;

- the distributor is suitable for use in any season of the year: in summer and winter.

Dosing of bulk material is carried out using a pneumatic valve that controls the lateral size of the outlet slit. The longitudinal size (width) of the sprinkling of the distributed material is practically constant and equal to the longitudinal size (width) of the distributor hopper.

The system of rotating shafts - for coarse (in the upper zone) and final (in the lower zone) crushing-grinding of caked pieces and discarding large oversized pieces or stones due to different grinding modes at different speeds of rotation of the shafts.

The device operates as follows.

Filling the hopper of the distributor occurs when the body is raised, from which the material flows into the hopper. Filling the hopper-filler of the distributor is carried out when the vehicle is stopped with a raised body. When filling the hopper, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that when the volume of sand in the body decreases significantly, the next time the body is raised, a situation may arise in which the sand flows down, creating an excess of such force that the body does not fall. Because of this, the bunker must be replenished with small doses with great care. Then the body is lowered for the time of sprinkling, and when the dispenser is empty, the hopper is again filled with safety precautions. With this equipment, only sodium chloride NaCL and calcium CaCL can be dispersed. Recommended speed when dispersing sand and dry salt max 30 km per hour. For hydrated salt, max 45 km per hour.

In the housing of the distributor is a system of shafts, forming modes of crushing of the material and its distribution (see figure 1). The material is loaded into the hopper by lifting the body and enters the upper crushing zone, where it is coarsely pre-crushed, and then it enters the lower crushing zone and is crushed to the dimensions necessary for distribution. Different grinding modes

supported by different speeds of rotation of the shafts, the lower shaft rotates at a higher speed than the upper. After passing through the upper and lower crushing zone, the material enters the camshaft with a low (of the order of a few cm) metal spiral. A rubber plate is pressed against the camshaft by a spring, the gap (gap) between the shaft and the plate is regulated by a pneumatic regulator. Material is not thrown onto the road, but is squeezed out through a gap (gap) between the rubber and the shaft, which allows not oversized material particles to be thrown onto the road, but to move them to a side tank for collection and further removal.

The dosage of the material to be distributed is controlled by the speed of the camshaft, the clearance between the shaft and the rubber, and the pressure of the rubber on the shaft. The shaft rotation speed is automatically adjusted depending on the vehicle speed.

Dispensing of scattered material occurs directly from the cab using a pneumatic valve that controls the outlet gap. The desired pressure of the pneumatic regulator is adjusted using the adjusting screw on the regulator. When pressure builds up, the dose of dispersed material decreases, and vice versa, when pressure decreases, the gap opens and the dose of dispersed material increases.

The design of the distributor allows you to hang it on all types of dump trucks, and not only on bodies with a vertical tailgate, but also with oblique ones. The distributor can be installed either instead of the rear side of the car, or the board can be raised during operation.

The distributor is mounted on the body using quick couplings. During initial installation on the truck body, the distributor must be raised to the rear of the body for welding fasteners and clamping devices. The distributor should be temporarily well fixed on the supports in order to ensure safe operation during welding and to make sure that it does not fall on anyone. First, the side brackets and the upper eyes are welded in the longitudinal direction and in height so that they are accessible and there is enough space to press the distributor tightly to the edge of the body or to unfasten the equipment. To connect, you must either raise the rear side of the car or completely remove it. Hydraulic hoses are connected using markings so that the equipment rotates in the desired

direction. Only at the very last moment does the pneumatic hose connect.

Disconnect the equipment in the reverse order. It is very important to remember that before unlocking the upper clamps, you must make sure that the four height-adjustable equipment supports are mounted securely on a solid horizontal plane so that the equipment cannot tip over. Storage of the distributor on its own supports is possible if the hopper is completely empty.

The distributor is equipped with rear safety lights, a rotating beacon, as well as an electric plug for connecting light devices of the car. The valve cover is equipped with a safety valve that stops the rotation of the shafts when it is opened for inspection. The dispenser is equipped with a touch device that signals the driver about insufficient material in the hopper.

At the end of the description, the selected technical characteristics of the production model of the device are presented: hopper volume 0.9 m ³ ; weight (without material) 550 kg; adjustable rate of distribution of material 5 ... 400 g / m ² ; 2.5 m distribution band; hydraulic oil consumption 10-35 l / min.

Claims (8)

1. A hinged rear side bulk material distributor comprising a material storage bin from a lifting body of a base vehicle, a storage bin narrowing downward to a horizontal discharge shaft with a spiral, passive and active means of crushing pieces of material, sorting and removing oversized pieces in material, the possibility of rotation of the unloading shaft and active means through a kinematic transmission system from a common drive motor, as well as fastening the canopy of the storage hopper to m There is a rear side of the body of the base vehicle, characterized in that the active means of crushing are made in the middle of the storage hopper in the form of one or more crushing shafts with crushing blades, the sorting tool for oversized pieces is implemented in the form of an adjustable width of the exhaust gap constant over the entire length of the unloading shaft due to the regulation of the position of one movable inclined wall of the storage hopper relative to the unloading shaft, the oversized removal tool is implemented by the shaft spiral, placing oversized pieces that have not been pressed into the outlet slot by the outlet of the unloading shaft on the side of the storage hopper. 2. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains rubber plates on the lower edges of the inclined walls of the storage hopper and a compression spring for sealing the joint along the entire length of the unloading shaft with a low metal spiral with a second fixed inclined wall of the storage hopper. 3. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that a removable container for collecting oversized pieces is installed at the output of the unloading shaft on the side of the storage hopper. 4. The material distributor of claim 1, characterized in that it contains two crushing shafts: the upper one for preliminary coarse crushing and the lower one for final crushing of the material. 5. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the driving motor is a hydraulic motor powered only from the standard hydraulic system of the base vehicle, mainly a dump truck, the pneumatic regulator with power supply also only from the standard pneumatic system of the base vehicle is a regulator of the position of the movable inclined wall of the storage hopper . 6. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that it has the ability to automatically control the speed of rotation of the drive motor and, consequently, the speeds of rotation of the shafts depending on the speed of the vehicle, mainly 30 ... 45 km / h. 7. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises retractable support legs for installing it on a flat surface after it is removed from the body of the base vehicle. 8. The material distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the corresponding control, sensor and signal equipment are used in the device.