RU46645U1 - DEVICE FOR DETERMINING SPORTSMEN TRAINING - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to sports medicine and can be used to increase the effectiveness of training processes, can also be used to determine the level of physical condition, for example, recruits, military personnel and persons of heavy physical professions: miners, lumberjacks, etc., including - with remote monitoring in vivo. An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of the athlete's fitness. This goal is achieved by the fact that it is proposed a device for determining the fitness of athletes, containing a block of electrode electrodes, a tetrapolar impedance pneumograph and an electrocardiograph, a transmitting and receiving unit, which together comprise a biotelemetric complex using a radio or infrared communication channel characterized in that a microcontroller with a display and a keyboard, the first output of the receiver being the heart rate demodulator of the electrocardiogram connected to the heart rate extraction and recording unit h ECG, the second output of the receiver, which is the impedance pneumogram demodulator, is connected to the unit for detecting and recording the minute volume of breathing, and the outputs of these blocks are connected by the first and second information buses, respectively, to the microcontroller, the output of which is connected to the liquid crystal display, the keyboard output is connected to the third information bus with a microcontroller, the liquid crystal display being the output of the receiving unit and the entire device.

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to sports medicine and can be used to increase the effectiveness of training processes, can also be used to determine the level of physical condition, for example, recruits, military personnel and persons of heavy physical professions: miners, lumberjacks, etc., including - with remote monitoring in vivo.

A device for the quantitative registration of volumetric indicators of external respiration in humans in the process of muscle activity on the basis of the spirographic principle, i.e. by measuring the characteristics of a jet of respiratory air. This principle is implemented in two ways: direct (with direct measurement of tidal volume - spirograph, Douglas bag) and indirect, based on determining the parameters of the air flow - pressure (turbine), pressure gradient along the air stream (differential pressure gauge), cooling air (thermistor ) and other see. "Dynamic radio-rheumatology and its use in sport" V.V. Rosenblatt, et al. “Human Physiology”, Volume 5, No. 4, 1979, p. 708. All these devices, providing good reliability of the results, require, however, the presence of a breathing mask on the face of the subject or mouthpiece. Meanwhile, the presence of such a mask in the natural environment of sports and work is associated with a number of inconveniences, and not only of a psychological order. In particular, with intensive loads and corresponding significant volumes of pulmonary ventilation, the respiratory resistance when using the mask increases so much that it can introduce significant distortions into the data obtained (increased physical activity, changes in the ratios of cardio-respiratory parameters), and also excludes the possibility of long-term observations.

A telemetry complex is known for monitoring the state and diagnosing the functional state of a person (see RF patent No. 2175212), containing receiving and transmitting units transmitting information on a person’s cardiorespiratory parameters via an infrared communication channel via electrodes (sensors). The disadvantage is that the system does not allow us to unambiguously judge the athlete's fitness, as the heart rate (HR) and the minute volume of respiration (MOD) are weakly correlated with each other, and individually adaptation to loads is characterized in some cases by a significant increase in MOD with a moderate increase in heart rate, and in others, by the inverse ratio.

Also known radio telemetry method with registration of respiration by impedance pneumography. It is well known the closest functional connection of the circulatory and respiratory systems in providing the body's energy needs during muscle work. An increase in the load level naturally leads to an increase in indicator shifts on the part of both systems. These data indicate the presence of certain individual characteristics of the adaptation of energy supply systems to physical activity: some people have more pronounced shifts from the cardiovascular side, while others - from the respiratory system, see. “Human Physiology,” Vol. 11, No. 1, 1985, pp. 102-105.

Also known is a radio telemetry complex for registering respiratory parameters in a freely moving person (information leaflet No. 671-77 of the Sverdlovsk Central Scientific Research Institute, 1977, Sverdlovsk, p. 1-4), which contains transmitting and receiving units, electrodes for taking an impedance pneumogram and an electrocardiogram, a radio channel based on FM-FM - modulation with a quartz carrier, a demodulator - a decoder with a low-pass filter (LPF), a digital terminal recorder - a unit for presenting information in the form of digital values of cardiorespiratory parameters. The complex also does not allow to unambiguously judge the degree of athlete’s fitness,

presenting a set of cardiorespiratory parameters of the subject - PROTOTYPE.

Despite the attractiveness of this complex, it cannot be unambiguously judged on the athlete's fitness, because heart rate (HR) and minute respiratory rate (MOD) are weakly correlated. If we use the values of heart rate and MOD individually, then in some cases, adaptation to the load is characterized by a very significant increase in MOD with a moderate increase in heart rate, and in others, by the inverse ratio.

It was noted that the use of the minute volume of blood circulation of the IOC (or cardiac output) instead of heart rate with a heart rate of more than 100 beats / min yields nothing, because systolic volume is almost unchanged, and methodologically extremely difficult and inaccurate. At the same time, adaptation of the body to physical activity is noted in some people due to the cardiovascular system, in others - due to respiration, and the correlation of respiration and blood circulation can be either positive or negative. Consequently, the generally accepted assessment of the differential functioning of the respiratory and circulatory systems masks the potential for assessing the energy efficiency of the body with the cardiorespiratory system as a whole.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of the athlete's fitness.

This goal is achieved by the fact that it is proposed a device for determining the fitness of athletes, containing a block of electrode electrodes, a tetrapolar impedance pneumograph and an electrocardiograph, a transmitting and receiving unit, which together comprise a biotelemetric complex using a radio or infrared communication channel characterized in that a microcontroller with a display and a keyboard, the first output of the receiver being the heart rate demodulator of the electrocardiogram connected to the heart rate extraction and recording unit s ECG, the second receiver output which is impedance pneumogram demodulator, coupled to a register allocation and respiratory minute volume, and the outputs of these blocks co

united by the first and second information buses, respectively, with a microcontroller, the output of which is connected to the liquid crystal display, the keyboard output is connected by a third information bus to the microcontroller, the liquid crystal display being the output of the receiving unit and the entire device.

Figure 1 shows the structural and functional diagram of the device, which shows: 1 - electrode block, 2 - tetrapolar impedance pneumograph, 3 - electrocardiograph, 4 - modulator, 5 - transmitter, C1 and C2 - isolation capacitors, R1 and R2 together with with a capacitor C3 form - low-pass filter, PDDK and SDIK - infrared photodiode and LED (paired), A - transmitting antenna, 6 - receiver with receiving antenna A, 7 - breathing unit with the determination of MOD, 8 - unit for detecting nuclear resonance, 9 - microcontroller ( MK), 10 - data input keyboard in MK, 11 - liquid crystal display (LCD), 1 2 - power sources, the device also contains a communication channel - IR or radio channel, the first, second and third information buses; 2 and 3 are diagrams illustrating the operation of the device.

These nodes and blocks can be performed on the following ERE and IC.

The sensor electrodes 1 are disks 0 3-15 mm and a thickness of 0.3-0.8 mm, made of non-oxidizing material, for example, tin; IPG 2 and ECG 3 - impedance and ECG channels used in modern medicine in a microintegral design; heart rate units 8 and breathing 7 - detectors: frequency modulation (FM), pulse time (VIM), etc., depending on the type of modulation; modulator 4; a transmitter 5 with a transmitting antenna or LED, a receiving antenna or photodiode and receiver 6, see "Bioradiotelemetry", Sverdlovsk, 1976, pp. 137-139; MK 9, keyboard 10 and LCD 11 - for example, the company Jntel 80C 188 EU, see the catalog of electronic components, Russia - 99, M, DOD ECA, 99, p. 487; power supplies 12 on batteries or accumulators.

The electrode block 1 is connected to the current outputs i of the IPG 2, and the voltage output U through separate capacitors C1 and C2 with the input of the IPG 2, and through

The low-pass filter formed by the resistors R1, R2 and capacitor C3 is connected to the input of the ECG 3, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the modulator 4, the output of which through the transmitter 5 and the output antenna A (IR LED) forms the output of the communication channel of the transmitting unit; the receiving antenna A of the radio channel (PC photodiode) of the receiving unit is connected to the receiver 6, the first output of which is connected to the heart rate unit 8, and the second output to the breathing unit 7, the outputs of the heart rate 8, breathing unit 7 and the keyboard 10 of the first, second and third information buses respectively, connected to MK 9, the output of which is connected to the LCD 11 by a parallel data bus, and a serial data bus RS232C with external consumers.

The measurement process itself occurs as follows. Heart rate and MOD are measured by placing electrodes 1 on the patient’s chest (in this case, a skater), used in impedance pneumography, acting as sensors. The signal from them is extracted in the corresponding information processing channels IPG 2 and ECG 3, from the output of which the signals are sent to modulator 4, where they are converted to the selected time, frequency or phase modulation of the carrier of the transmitter 5, after which this information is transmitted over the air via radio or IR channel through antenna A or IR LED. In the receiving unit (with the trainer and / or doctor), the incoming information through the receiving antenna A or ICFD is received at the receiver 6, where it is amplified and at outputs 1 and 2 it is supplied to the heart rate units 8 and breathing 7, where it is decoded by the first and second information tires, respectively, goes to the microcontroller (MK 9), which continuously calculates (with a quantization frequency) the multiplicative indicator (MP) of the athlete's fitness status.

To achieve the goal, the main parameters of external respiration are measured - BH, DO and MOD (the latter can be determined as the sum of DO in 1 min. Or the product of the BH by the arithmetic mean value of DO in 1 min) simultaneously and synchronously with the main parameters of the cardiovascular system - heart rate, minute volume blood - IOC, stroke volume

blood - UO. Then the parameters of respiration and blood circulation are multiplied and their geometric mean value is normalized to 1 kg of body weight. In general, the integral estimate of And m:

The formula reflects the physiological fact of the transport of oxygen from the air sequentially by the respiratory and circular systems, has a dimension of "l / min / kg".

For practical use of the formula, you must consider:

- the difficulty of obtaining and expediency of IOC and MA data;

- a linear, in a first approximation, relationship with the load on the body of both MOD and heart rate, which requires the elimination of a quadratic characteristic when they are multiplied;

- the dynamic range of the MOD - up to 10-20 times, BH, DO and heart rate - 2-4 times, which requires a balanced consideration of the contribution of these parameters to the formula for the integrated assessment of the energy efficiency of the body.

Therefore, the empirical formula is transformed into a more suitable for use:

Such a multiplicative indicator allows one to compare interindividually in a group at the same load, as well as to track the dynamics of the state of an organism during multiple measurements in one subject.

In group studies, the standard deviation (± δ) of the integral score for the group is determined, and in the case when I m exceeds the upper limit + <t, this subject concludes that the load is excessive. In the case of going beyond the lower limit, a conclusion is drawn about the insufficiency of the load and the possibility of its increase, for this subject.

In the study of individual dynamics, an increase in fitness is reflected in minimizing And m.

If it is necessary to normalize And m per unit load, for example, at 1000 kgm / min, with a bicycle ergometer test, the value of this load can be entered in the denominator of the formula.

Consider, for example, the use of a single balanced integrated assessment on the data of the 6 skaters examined, for two types of loads: warm-up and running in% of strength. Analysis of the parameters summarized in table. shows that the performance of the same exercises in one is due to forced breathing, in the other - due to the cardiovascular system. Individual assessment of the "cost of the load" is complicated, as confirmed by figure 2. The use of normalized integrated assessment simplifies the comparative analysis, which is shown in figure 2 and 3. With increasing load, the integrated assessment also changes, but not the same for different subjects (figure 3). We can assume that subject B did not cope with the task, while H was clearly not loaded. These grades coincided with those of the trainer.

The calculated MP is transmitted to the LCD 11, where it is displayed in digital form. In MK 9, through the keyboard 10 are entered: the athlete's mass, age, constitution, which are used to set the settings with which the MP is compared. If MP is lower than U '' pores (see table), then this is good fitness; if higher than U'nop, then this is overtraining.

T.O. the proposed device allows you to objectively assess the state of fitness of the athlete and adjust physical activity in the right direction, maintaining optimal physical fitness, by minimizing And m

Table
Cardiorespiratory parameters (MOD, heart rate) and integral score (U, LJ m) for warming up and running in% of skater strength Test subject MOD, l (S turbojet engine) Heart rate, 1 / min U U m M kg I II I II I II I II A 19,4 33.7 186 192 28.6 33.36 0.447 0.525 64 IN 18.2 27.4 180 200 27.7 34.06 0454 0.558 61 FROM 30.1 46.7 134 170 27.1 34.07 0.357 0.448 76 d 28.6 40.0 177 180 30.1 33.72 0.396 0.444 76 E 25,4 33.0 134 177 26.0 33.40 0.377 0.484 69 N 21.3 37.5 138 170 25.2 32.24 0.315 0.404 80 X ± σ = U ± U I, II then 27.45 ± 1.61 33.48 ± 0.69 0.391 ± 0.051 0.477 ± 0.057

Note: 1. M - body weight of the subject, kg.

2. Integral assessment (IO): U = √√ MOD · HR

3. Normalized IO: U m = U / M

Claims (1)

A device for determining the fitness of athletes, containing a block of electrode electrodes, a tetrapolar impedance pneumograph and an electrocardiograph, a transmitting and receiving unit, which together comprise a biotelemetric complex using a radio or infrared communication channel, characterized in that a microcontroller with a display and keyboard is inserted into it, the first output the receiver, which is the demodulator of heart rate electrocardiogram, is connected to the block selection and registration of heart rate (heart rate) from the ECG, the second output the receiver, which is the demodulator of the impedance pneumogram, is connected to the unit for detecting and recording the minute volume of breathing, and the outputs of these blocks are connected by the first and second information buses, respectively, to the microcontroller, the output of which is connected to the liquid crystal display, the keyboard output is connected by the third information bus to the microcontroller, moreover, the liquid crystal display is the output of the receiving unit and the entire device.