RU46175U1 - DENTAL PARALLEL DRUG - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medicine, namely to orthopedic dentistry and can be used to determine the parallelism of teeth. The device allows to increase the accuracy of the performed manipulations and improve cosmetic results. To this end, in a dental paralleloperator containing a graduated rod and a system of pivotally connected levers, the device further comprises a leveling device consisting of a level mounted on the ball joint body with a stopper, the base of which is attached by a holder to the rod, a frontal girdle and a shoulder rest fixed to the ends of the rod and a lodgement at the end of the pivotally connected levers for fastening the tip of the drill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to medicine, namely to orthopedic dentistry, and relates to an apparatus for determining the parallelism of teeth and identifying areas of undercut when preparing teeth for fixed structures in the oral cavity.

Fixed orthopedic constructions as a therapeutic agent are widely used in the treatment of partial tooth loss and restoration of the function of chewing and speech. These types of prostheses are also a prophylactic designed to prevent diseases of the dentition, gastrointestinal tract, mental disorders (Guide to prosthetic dentistry / Edited by V.N. Kopeikin. - M .: Medicine, 1993. - 216 p. .). The modern methods of orthopedic treatment of the included defects in the dentition should be considered solid cast fixed constructions, ceramic-metal prostheses are especially widely used in dental practice. They are highly aesthetic, characterized by good mechanical strength, chemical resistance, biological inertness and low thermal conductivity. However, the process of manufacturing metal-ceramic prostheses is rather complicated and requires special training of specialists. The number of complications when using ceramic-metal prostheses is quite high and, according to the literature, is 2.5-11%. A gross mistake is the preparation of the abutment teeth under the bridge prosthesis without taking into account parallelism, in this case it is impossible to freely lay the frame on the abutment teeth.

The presence of undercut zones on the abutment teeth is fraught with a loose coverage of the crown of the tooth neck, with the risk of subsequent cementation, on the vertical walls of the cavities under the tabs, which leads to difficult imposition of the structure, an excessive layer of fixing material, and aesthetics deterioration. It is practically impossible to prepare a large number of teeth for a fixed splinting construction for periodontal diseases by controlling the parallelism of the teeth visually. The use of an intraoral parallel preparation allows one to avoid a number of errors at the stage of preparation of teeth for high-precision fixed structures.

Known dental parallel preparation (AS No. 384518, IPC A 61 C 3/02 publ. BI No. 25 dated 05/29/73.) Containing a coupling, a sleeve with a rod, a system of articulated levers, pumping platforms. To prepare the teeth of the upper and lower jaw at a given depth, it contains a latch made in the form of a shaped nut,

fixed on the free threaded end of the rod, the coupling is fixed in the sleeve. The coupling and lock are digitized.

The device operates as follows. Quick-hardening plastic is applied to the bite pads and the device is installed in diagnostic models on the teeth of the opposite preparation. Then the device is transferred to the patient’s oral cavity and mounted on the teeth, respectively, initially selected on the diagnostic model. The depth of the preparation of the teeth of the upper jaw is counted by a retainer-nut.

However, the design of the device does not allow you to objectively adjust the cutting tool in the tip relative to the plane of occlusion, and also does not provide free access to all teeth of the oral cavity.

For the prototype of the proposed utility model, a well-known parallel tooth preparation was selected, containing a graduated rod and a system of articulated levers (AS No. 299213, IPC A 61 C 3/02 publ. BI No. 12 of 03/26/1971).

A device for creating parallel cavities in the teeth is made in the form of nozzles to the tip of the drill and contains a coupling, a system of articulated levers and bite pads. The coupling is mounted on a graduated rod mounted in a sleeve carrying a movable graduated cup with an arrow.

The known device operates as follows.

Quick-hardening plastic is applied to the bite pads and the device is installed in diagnostic models on the teeth of the opposite preparation, up to the hardening of the plastic. Then the device is transferred to the patient’s oral cavity and mounted on the teeth, respectively, initially selected on the diagnostic model. After installing the device, the jaw of the patient is firmly fixed in a certain position. Then, using hinges with locking screws, the device is installed parallel to the occlusion plane. The tip with the cutting tool is brought to the prepared tooth, after which the perpendicularity of the cutting tool to the occlusion plane is additionally adjusted with a screw.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1) it is impossible to precisely adjust the device to work parallel to the occlusion plane and to establish the perpendicularity to it of the cutting tool tip of the drill;

2) it is impossible to fine-tune the device when visiting the patient again and continue drilling parallel holes;

3) a difficult fit for the doctor (and, therefore, the expenditure of a large amount of time);

4) the device at one end is attached directly to the patient’s teeth, which limits the working space for the doctor in the oral cavity;

5) the tip of the drill during operation is constantly in the hands of the doctor, otherwise the patient’s teeth will be affected not only by the weight of the nozzles of the device, but also by the weight of the tip with the drive.

The objective of the proposed device is to improve the accuracy of operations and ease of operation.

The problem is solved in that the dental paralleloperator, containing a graduated rod and a system of pivotally connected levers, further comprises a leveling device consisting of a level mounted on the ball joint body with a stopper, the base of which is mounted by a holder on the rod, a frontal girdle and a shoulder rest mounted on the ends of the rod and the lodgement at the end of the pivotally connected levers for attaching the tip of the drill.

The proposed utility model meets the criterion of "novelty", since in the process of patent information research no sources of scientific and technical literature have been identified that discredit the novelty of the proposed utility model.

The proposed utility model meets the criterion of "inventive step", since no sources with significant features of the proposed device have been identified.

When using the proposed device receive the following positive effect.

The doctor can objectively and accurately using a leveling device establish any angle of the tip relative to the occlusion plane and repeat this setting when visiting the patient again, the weight of the device is completely transferred to the patient’s shoulder, the oral cavity is free for the doctor to work, the tip with the instrument is inoperative regular place of the drill. The proposed device is shown in figures 1 and 2:

Figure 1. - dental parallel preparation, general view.

Figure 2. - leveling device.

A parallel dental preparation consists of a rod 1. A leveling device containing a level 3 fixed on the body 4 with a stopper 5, a ball joint 6, the base 7 of which has a cavity 8 is fixed to the rod 1 using the holder 2, frontal belt 9 is fixed from one end of the rod 1 by means of a latch 10, from the other end the rod 1 is provided with a shoulder rest 11. In the central part, the rod 1 has a graduation and thread

for limiters 12 of the clutch stroke 13. The clutch 13 is equipped with a system of pivotally connected levers 14 and a tool holder 15 for the tip of the drill.

Preparing to work with the device is as follows. Pre-set the leveling device. In the cavity 8 of the leveling device, a standard plastic spatula processed for contact with the oral cavity is inserted. A putty knife is placed on the tooth surface, perpendicular to which holes will be drilled. To work in the plane of occlusion, the spatula is clamped by the patient's teeth. The level 3 due to the ball joint 6 is displayed on the "zero" and is fixed by the stopper 5. The spatula is removed from the leveling device, which through the cavity 8 is fixed on the holder 2 of the device. The device is pre-fixed on the patient’s head with a frontal belt 9 with the location of the latch 10 at the right or left temple at the discretion of the doctor. The rod 1 rests on the shoulder rest 11 on the shoulder of the patient. Moving the frontal belt 9 over the head and the shoulder rest 11 over the patient’s shoulder, they achieve setting the level 3 to “zero” and finally tighten the frontal belt 9 and the latch 10. The tip of the drill is mounted in the tool tray 15, which ensures its position with its profile in which the cutting tool perpendicular to the plane of movement of the connecting levers 14.

Since the connecting levers 14 are structurally perpendicular to the rod 1, setting the level 3 to “zero” ensures the movement of the lodgement 15c with a tip in a plane parallel to that specified.

The device operates as follows.

The tip with the tool is brought to the surface of the tooth and the stops 12, the doctor sets the depth of the drilling cavity by graduation on the rod 1. The tip can be transferred to any point in the oral cavity, maintaining the parallelism of the processed holes relative to the initial setting. The formation of parallel surfaces on the teeth is achieved by fixing the coupling 13 between the stops 12.

In the process, the device with the tip can be rotated on the rod 1 to the side of the patient’s face, while the weight from it is transferred to the patient’s shoulder. Having saved the adjustment of the leveling device, the proposed device allows you to interrupt the treatment process with the guarantee of the formation of new holes in parallel with the previously made.

An example of a specific implementation.

A 48-year-old patient came to the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry, GOUVPO NizhGMA. He complained of a lack of teeth, difficulty chewing food, bleeding gums. From the anamnesis it was found out that the teeth were removed gradually as a result of their destruction. The patient is prosthetized for the first time.

Objective data: opening the mouth wide, free. The height of the lower third of the face is not changed.

On examination of the oral cavity: the gum is hyperemic with a cyanotic hue. When probing, bleeds. In the region of the lower anterior teeth, from the lingual side, hard plaque covers the Ug of the coronal part of the teeth, the roots are exposed 1/3 of the length. In the regions 34, 35, 44, and 45, periodontal pockets with a depth of 4 mm were revealed.

Dental formula:

7654321! 1234567

0054321! 1234500

The teeth are stable. On the cutting edge and chewing surface of the teeth there are facets of erasure. 35.45 are shifted towards missing teeth.

IG Green Vermillion - 3.1 points.

The bleeding index (WHO) - 1 point.

The bite is unfixed.

On the orthopantomogram: mixed atrophy of the bone tissue of the alveolar processes of the upper and lower jaws according to the mixed type root lengths.

Diagnosis: chronic generalized periodontitis of moderate severity;

Partial loss of teeth of the lower jaw (bilateral terminal defect) Kennedy class 1.

Deformation of the lower dentition is a horizontal form.

Plan for preparing the oral cavity for prosthetics:

1. Professional oral hygiene.

2. Endodontic treatment of 34, 35, 44 and 45 teeth.

Orthopedic treatment plan: prosthetics of the lower jaw with ceramic-metal crowns at 34, 35, 44, 45 and an arch prosthesis with locks at 34, 35, 44, 45. 34, 35 teeth were prepared for ceramic-metal crowns using a parallel tooth preparation. The teeth are covered with temporary crowns. Preparation of 44, 45 teeth for ceramic-metal crowns was carried out using a parallel tooth preparation. The teeth are covered with temporary crowns.

Claims (1)

A parallel dental preparation comprising a graduated rod and a system of articulated levers, characterized in that the parallel dental preparation further comprises a leveling device consisting of a level mounted on the ball joint body with a stop, the base of which is attached by a holder to the rod, a frontal girdle and a shoulder rest mounted on the ends of the rod and the lodgement at the end of the pivotally connected levers for attaching the tip of the drill.