RU46091U1 - DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE COMPONENT FLOW OF A THREE-COMPONENT GAS-LIQUID FLOW - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to measuring technique and can be used to measure the flow rate of a three-component stream, in particular in the oil and gas industry, when monitoring the operation of oil wells without fractioning (without separation) a gas-liquid mixture (GHS) of production products directly at the wells or at sections of reservoirs oil.

Effect: increasing the accuracy of measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow, consisting of oil, gas and water and expanding the scope due to the ability to carry out measurements over a wide range of the relative contents of the components of the gas-liquid flow, the possibility of contactless determination of the component flow rate of GHS almost at any volume fractions of gas and well flow rates in the context of the flow of real non-standard GHS flows, as well as the expansion of functionality the use of a multicomponent flow meter by determining directly the background gamma activity directly in the well flow, the change of which is associated with the approach to the production well of the front of salinization of water injected into the reservoirs to maintain reservoir pressure, and by measuring the redox potential of the liquid of the produced product, the value of which associated with a high content of dissolved oxygen in the composition of water pumped into the reservoirs from open reservoirs.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow is a symmetrical design consisting of two vertically and parallelly arranged pipes of high-strength radio-transparent material (fiberglass) with metal tips ending in flanges connected to the upper and lower parts by two

horizontal metal pipes with vertically arranged flanged connecting bends, in the flanged joints of the branches of the upper horizontal pipe and in its middle there are three interchangeable narrowing devices (chokes), which are washers, the diameter of the passage opening of which is 2-4 times smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical fiberglass pipes, due to which the necessary pressure difference between the ascending and descending flows is created, flanged soybeans are located at the ends of the lower horizontal pipe Inions intended for embedding the device in the main pipeline, shutoff ball valves are located in the middle and on the vertical branches of the lower horizontal pipe, with the help of which the gas-liquid flow can be directed through the lower horizontal pipe or through the bypass line of the meter, forming an ascending, horizontal and descending branch 4, at the lower metal ends of the vertical pipes and on the opposite parts of the upper horizontal pipe, 4 pressure sensors and a tempo are symmetrically located ratra; On vertical pipes, symmetrically located: 2 sources of ionizing radiation, which are containers filled with KC1 in them, 4 gamma radiation detectors, forming small and large gamma-densitometer probes, two electromagnetic conductivity and permittivity probes; on the upper horizontal pipe are symmetrically located: in the left end - a compensation detector of background gamma activity; in the right end is a probe of redox potential.

Description

The device relates to measuring equipment and can be used to measure the flow rate of a three-component flow, in particular in the oil and gas industry, when monitoring the operation of oil wells without fractioning (without separation) the gas-liquid mixture (GHS) of production products directly at the wells or at the sites of reservoir oil collection .

Known devices for measuring component flow rate containing sources of gamma radiation for measuring the density of components of GHS. For example, according to the patent US 4458524, G 01 N 33/22, publ. 1984, the analyzer device contains a pipe section made of non-conductive material on which receiving and transmitting inductive coils, a gamma radiation source (Cesium 137), and pressure and temperature sensors are fixed. Closest to the claimed utility model is a device that implements a method for determining the component flow rate of GHS, known as "radio densitometry", based on the use of double energy characteristics of gamma radiation and a Venturi (E. Toski, V. Hansen, D. Smith, B. The souvenirs. “The evolution of measurements of multiphase flows and their impact on operational management”, Scientific and Technical Journal “Technologies of the Fuel and Energy Complex”, December 2003, pp. 50-57). The known device contains a measuring section, which consists of the following elements: Venturi tubes with pressure, temperature and differential pressure sensors; a gamma radiation detector operating on the principle of a double energy spectral characteristic and located at the narrowing of the venturi, as well as a radioactive chemical source. The pressure difference between the inlet of the venturi and the point of its narrowing is used to calculate the total flow rate, pressure and temperature measurements

used to evaluate fluid properties in flow line conditions. Using a gamma radiation meter, the fractions of oil, water and gas, as well as the density of the mixture, are determined. The flow rates of individual phases are calculated by multiplying the total flow rate (flow rate) by the mass fraction of the phase.

The above devices containing sources of gamma radiation have the following disadvantages. The collimator method of measuring density using a narrow beam of gamma radiation, implemented in the known devices, does not guarantee the correct measurement of the density of GHS, since large fluctuations in the flow can create conditions when most of the gas (in the form of bubbles, beads, etc.) will pass by a narrow beam of gamma radiation, not finding a response on the gamma radiation detector. The location of the gamma densitometer in the place of the highest flow velocity in the meter does not increase its accuracy characteristics, but, on the contrary, significantly reduces them, because the inertia of the gamma radiation detector and the short residence time of the flow inhomogeneities in the cross section of the collimator gamma densitometer can give an effect comparable to the fluctuation of the gamma-ray detector. The use of a high-energy chemical source of gamma radiation is associated with the need to register it with the Sanitary Inspection authorities, the use of storage facilities, special transportation devices, staff training for working with it, etc. A disadvantage of the known devices is the lack of measurement of the background gamma activity of the liquid phase of the GHS, reaching significant values.

The technical result of the use of a device for measuring an exploded three-component gas-liquid flow rate, which is proposed as a utility model, is expressed in increasing the accuracy of measuring the component flow rate consisting of oil, gas and water and expanding the scope due to the possibility to carry out measurements over a wide range of the relative contents of the components of the gas-liquid stream. The technical result is also the possibility of non-contact determination of the component-wise flow rate of GHS with practically any volume fractions of gas and well flow rates in the conditions of the flow of real non-standard flows

GHS. An additional technical result of the proposed utility model is the expansion of the functionality of the use of a multicomponent flow meter by directly identifying the background gamma activity directly in the well flow, the change of which is associated with the approach to the production well of the front of salinization of water injected into the reservoirs to maintain reservoir pressure, and also due to measuring the redox potential of the liquid produced products, the values of which are associated with increased holding dissolved oxygen in the composition of water pumped into the reservoirs from open reservoirs.

The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that the device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow, containing sources and gamma-ray detectors, pressure and temperature sensors, represents a symmetrical design consisting of two vertically and parallelly arranged pipes of high-strength radio-transparent material (fiberglass) with metal tips ending with flanges connected in the upper and lower parts by two horizontal metal pipes with vert There are three interchangeable narrowing devices (throttles) in the flanged joints of the branches of the upper horizontal pipe and in the middle of it, which are washers, the diameter of the passage opening of which is 2-4 times smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical fiberglass pipes, which creates differential pressure between ascending and descending flows, at the ends of the lower horizontal pipe there are flange connections designed for embedding the device in the main th pipeline, in the middle and on the vertical branches of the lower horizontal pipe there are shut-off ball valves, with which the gas-liquid flow can be directed through the lower horizontal pipe, or through the bypass line of the meter, forming the ascending, horizontal and descending branches of the flow, on the lower metal ends of the vertical pipes and on the opposite parts of the upper

horizontal pipes symmetrically located 4 pressure and temperature sensors; on vertical pipes, symmetrically located: 2 sources of ionizing radiation, which are containers filled with KC1 in them, 4 gamma radiation detectors, forming small and large gamma-density probes, two electromagnetic conductivity and permittivity probes; on the upper horizontal pipe are symmetrically located: in the left end - a compensation detector of background gamma activity; in the right end is a probe of redox potential.

The redox probe contains a platinum electrode and a reference electrode.

Electromagnetic conductivity and permittivity probes are made in the form of inductive coils located on the outer surface of vertical pipes with the possibility of non-contact measurements of attenuation and phase shift, resonant frequency and Doppler frequency offset of high-frequency energy passing through the mixture flow.

Inductive coils on the ascending and descending branches of the flow are spaced apart by distances providing a correlation measurement of the speed of the mixture due to its inhomogeneity in conductivity and permittivity.

Detectors of gamma radiation in gamma densitometers and a detector of background gamma activity are made in the form of scintiblocks consisting of a NaJ (Tl) or ZsJ crystal and a photomultiplier (PMT).

To minimize the influence of the cosmic background, gamma-density meter detectors are protected from the outside by protective shields, for example, from leaded rubber.

To determine the density from hydrostatic densitometers, pressure and temperature sensors can be made in the form of high-precision quartz pressure transducers with a frequency output, which are switched on differentially with the accumulation of difference signals over the average transport delay time of the mixture between the midpoints of the hydrostatic densitometer measurement bases.

The device contains an electronics unit, a microprocessor controller, and a non-volatile memory unit used to collect and process information from sensors, perform calculations according to certain predetermined algorithms, store calibration data, which are the basis for comparison, and archive output data for a long measurement period.

The device comprises an emergency battery supply system that ensures the meter is operational when the power supply is disconnected for at least 24 hours,

The emergency battery system contains a unit for automatically recharging batteries when the mains is turned on.

To prevent buildup of asphalt-resinous and paraffin deposits on the inner surface of the device, the walls of the device have a protective coating that prevents deposits of paraffin.

The entire measuring device is covered by a thermally insulated protective cover.

1. presents a diagram of a device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow. Figure 2. shows a diagram of the direction of flow of the GHS when connecting the device to the pipeline.

The device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow, shown in figure 1, is made in the form of a symmetrical design. Vertical pipes 1 and 2 are made of high-strength radiolucent material (for example, fiberglass) with metal tips 3 and flanges 4 at the ends. The upper parts of the vertical pipes 1 and 2 are connected to the upper horizontal metal pipe 5 through vertically located flange connecting bends 6 and 7. In the flange connecting bends 6 and 7 and in the middle of the horizontal pipe 5 there are three interchangeable narrowing devices (chokes) 8, 9, 10 consisting of washers, the diameter of the passage opening of which is 2-4 times smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical fiberglass pipes 1, 2. In the lower part of the fiberglass pipes 1, 2

connected to the vertical bends 11, 12 of the lower horizontal pipe 13, which is built into the main pipeline through flange connections 14. In the middle of the lower horizontal pipe 13 and on its vertical bends 11, 12 there are spherical cranes 15, 16, 17, On the lower metal tips 3 vertical pipes 1, 2 and on the upper horizontal pipe 5 are sensors 18, 19, 20, 21 pressure and temperature. The approximate distance between the sensors 18-19 and 20-21 in the vertical is about 1 m, between the sensors 19-20 in the horizontal - 0.6 m. Near the bottom of the vertical fiberglass pipes (with the location between the pipes) there are two sources 22, 23 of ionizing radiation, made in the form of containers with a volume of about 7.5 l with backfill KS1 in them, safe for maintenance personnel. Detectors 24 and 25 of "small" gamma-densitometer probes are located diametrically opposite to gamma radiation sources 22 and 23 on the outer side of fiberglass pipes 1, 2, and detectors 26 and 27 of "large" gamma-densitometer probes are positioned upward. Between the detectors 24, 26 (on the pipe 1) and 25, 27 (on the pipe 2) are systems of coils of electromagnetic probes 28 and 29 of the resistivity meter. At the left end of the upper horizontal tube 5, a compensation detector 30 of background gamma activity is located, and at the right end of the upper horizontal tube 5, a redox potential sensor 31 is located symmetrically to the detector 30, which is a probe with a platinum electrode and a reference electrode. The entire system is geometrically symmetrical and hydraulically balanced. As detectors 24, 25, 26, 27 and 30 of gamma radiation, NaJ (Tl) or ZsJ scintillation crystals with photomultiplier tubes are used. In order to eliminate the influence of the cosmic background, the detectors 24, 25, 26, 27 are closed from the outside by protective shields 32 of leaded rubber. Pressure and temperature sensors 18, 19, 20, 21, gamma activity detectors 24, 25, 26, 27, electromagnetic probes 28 and 29, gamma activity compensation detector 30, ORP sensor 31 are connected to an electronics unit, a computing device, and a non-volatile unit memory (not shown in the figures). Device

contains an emergency power storage unit (not shown in the figures) ensuring the meter’s operability when the mains is disconnected for at least 24 hours. The walls of the device have a protective coating that prevents deposits of paraffin. The entire measuring device is closed by a protective casing 32 with thermal insulation 33.

The proposed device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow, in particular, the production of producing oil wells works as follows.

The device through flange connections 14 is embedded in the pipeline through which the gas-liquid mixture is transported. The system of ball valves 15, 16, 17 directs the gas-liquid flow either through the lower horizontal pipe 13 (the valve 15 is open, the valves 16 and 17 are closed) or through the bypass line of the meter, through the vertical pipe 1, horizontal pipe 5 and vertical pipe 2, thus forming an ascending, horizontal and descending flow branch (valve 15 is closed, valves 16 and 17 are open). When the flow direction through the meter (diagram in figure 2), the internal cavity of the device is filled with well products. In this case, a pressure drop is created on each narrowing device 8, 9, 10. The volumetric gas content of the flow is determined on the basis of measuring the density of the ascending and descending flows with two symmetrically installed two-probe gamma densitometers, each of which contains a source of ionizing gamma radiation 22 (or 23), a detector 24 (or 25) of a small probe, a detector 2b (or 27) a large probe.

The gamma densitometers used in the device differ in the following features:

- sources (22, 23) of gamma radiation containing sylvin (KS1) are low-background, therefore they are completely safe for service personnel and do not require their registration with the Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision authorities;

- in contrast to collimator gamma densitometers, the proposed gamma densitometers are two-probe volumetric, covering the entire flow section, while the determined density is a function of the ratio of the readings of the "small" and "large" probes, which

significantly eliminates the possible temporary instability of the gamma-ray detectors and increases the accuracy of determining the density of the gas-liquid flow.

The symmetric arrangement of gamma densitometers on the ascending and descending branches of the gas-liquid flow provides the possibility of continuous determination of the volumetric gas content of the gas-liquid mixture both according to calibration data for gas, oil and water, as well as by the difference in densities in the ascending and descending flows under different operating pressures.

The presence in the device of the background compensation detector 30 of gamma activity of the liquid of the gas-liquid flow allows you to eliminate the influence of the natural radioactivity of the liquid due to the approach of the front of the injected water, etc., and also to determine the value of the background radioactivity of the liquid, which is additional important information about the state of the producing well. For example, with the length of the “small” probe 20 cm and the “large” probe 70 cm, the dependence of the density of the gas-liquid mixture on the readings of the probes with an error of not more than ± 0.1% is approximated by the equation:

where J _M is the accumulated number of pulses of the "small" probe during the measurement time t;

J _b - the accumulated number of pulses of the "large" probe during the measurement of t;

J _f - the accumulated number of pulses of the background compensation detector during the measurement τ. The measurement time τ (time constant) is adjustable within 60 ÷ 600 s with a change of values according to the moving average rule after 10 s.

The background values of the natural gamma activity of the produced fluid (in imp / min) is also determined by a separate parameter with averaging the readings over 60-600 s and changing the values after 10 s.

The registration of the parameter J _f also allows you to additionally determine the time of approach to the production well of the saline front of the injected water, which has increased radioactivity due to barium salts, and the decline in gamma activity in time with increasing water cut of the product.

Gamma densitometer allows direct instrumental determination of true gas content according to the results of its calibration at various pressures (from 1 to 40 kgf / cm ² ) on a liquid (oil or water) and gas. In this case, the true gas content is determined by the formula:

where (J _cm ), (J _g ), (J _u ) are the ratios of the readings of the small and large gamma-densitometer probes, measured when gamma radiation passes through a gas-liquid mixture, liquid and gas.

In parallel with the quantitative high-precision determination of the true gas content, the registration of the parameter φ ^gp makes it possible to clearly determine the structural forms of the gas-liquid mixture flow, which makes it possible to increase the measurement accuracy by changing the averaging time constant τ and connecting duplicate measurement methods.

You can also determine the true gas content of a mixture of C _g ^rp using the density values based on the readings of gamma densitometers in the ascending and descending flow branches and their working pressures according to the formula:

where ρ _VOS is the density of GHS in the ascending branch,

ρ _nis is the density of the GHS in the descending branch,

P ₁ , P ₄ - pressure in the ascending and descending branches. The density of the gas-liquid mixture determined by gamma densitometers ρ _cm ^gp is the sum of the products of the gas density ρ _g and liquid ρ _g ^gp phases and their fractional content in the mixture C _g ^gp , C _g ^gp :

gas density ρ _g under operating conditions, calculated by the formula

where ρ _gst - gas density under standard conditions, kg / m ³

T _article - standard temperature, 288.5 K

P _article - standard (atmospheric) pressure, 1 kgf / cm ²

R _p - working pressure, kgf / cm ²

T _p - operating temperature, K

Z - gas compressibility coefficient determined through a reduced temperature T _ave and the reduced pressure P _ave (in the range of operating pressures from 0.5 to 4MPa varies from 0.98 to 0.87).

The liquid content in the gas-liquid mixture C _g ^GP is defined as

fluid density:

water content:

and oil content

Thus, the use of two two-probe volume gamma-densitometers makes it possible to determine with high accuracy both the density of the GHS in the upward and downward flows, and the fractional content of water, oil and gas in the GHS flow.

The design of the proposed device, including a symmetrical arrangement on the upward and downward flow of pressure sensors, allows you to additionally measure the density of the GHS using a method based on the use of hydrostatic densitometers.

With the passage of the GHS through the meter on each narrowing device 8, 9, 10, a pressure drop _{ΔР СУ1} , _{ΔР СУ2} , _{ΔР СУ3 is created} respectively, while due to the continuity of the flow at an equal density of the gas-liquid mixture throughout the flow

At the same time, on vertical pipes 1 and 2, the pressure difference up to and after the constricting devices 8 and 10 will also be affected by the component of hydrostatic pressure. The pressure difference ΔP _gs between the pressure measuring points P ₁ and P ₂ (sensors 18 and 19) and P ₃ and P ₄ (sensors 20 and 21) (see figure 2):

where Δh is the spacing of the pressure gauges in height,

ρ is the density of the gas-liquid mixture between the measurement points.

Since the hydrostatic pressure in the upstream is directed against the stream, and in the downstream it is directed upstream, the pressure drop between the measurement points will be equal to:

- in the upstream

- in horizontal flow

- downstream

Neglecting friction losses, which are insignificant in the horizontal section, and are compensated for in the upward and downward flows, and taking into account that due to the continuity of the flow at its constant density, the flow velocities in the narrowing (throttle) devices 8, 9, 10 are equal to each other, in resulting in equal losses in the constricting devices ΔP _su . Using the pressure values P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ , P ₄ at the measurement points and the pressure drops between them, we obtain a series of equations that look like this:

From equations (18), (19), (20) it follows that

Thus, a system of 4 ^x highly sensitive pressure sensors 18, 19, 20, 21 symmetrically placed at specific points of the device (equally as a system of 4 ^x highly sensitive differential pressure sensors included at these points) allows to determine in the flow gas-liquid mixture passing through the measuring device, the following parameters:

P ₁ - the pressure of the GHS at the inlet to the device;

P ₄ - pressure GHS at the exit of the device;

ΔP _1-4 - pressure drop across the measuring device, equal to three times the pressure drop across a single narrowing device;

ΔР _2-3 is the pressure drop across a single (average or second downstream) constriction device;

ρ _1-2 - the density of the GHS between the pressure measurement points P ₁ and P ₂ ;

ρ _3-4 - the density of the GHS between the pressure measurement points P ₃ and P ₄ ;

ρ _1-4 is the average (integral) density in the measuring device between the pressure measuring points P ₁ and P ₄ .

The obtained information allows by calculation to determine the following parameters of gas-liquid flow):

Q _o is the volumetric flow rate of the GJP in the expression:

mass flow rate

where A _o , A _M are the volumetric and mass flow coefficients determined on the calibration device;

D is the diameter of the pipe;

ΔР - differential on the constriction device;

ρ is the flux density.

When substituting the previously defined values in equations (24) and (25) we get:

- volumetric flow rate through the middle constricting device 9:

- mass flow rate through the middle constricting device 9:

- volumetric integral flow through three constricting devices 8, 9, 10:

- mass integral flow through three narrowing devices 8, 9, 10:

With a constant density of GLC, equations (26) and (27) and (28) and (29) will give the same results in volume and mass flow rates.

In real conditions, the GHS flow is not always uniform in density (for example, due to the appearance of a gas "bubble" whose density is much lower than the density of the GLC fluid). We call the density ratio ρ _1-2 / ρ _{3-4 the} coefficient of heterogeneity of the GJP. If ρ _1-2 and ρ _3-4 are equal:

If a density heterogeneity appears in the upstream, the value of K _N will change: when passing through the ascending branch, it will be less than 1, and when passing through the descending branch, it will be more than one.

Dependency handling as a function of time on a computing device, it is possible to determine the times t _1-2 , t _2-3 , t _3-4 , t _{1-4 of the} passage of natural “marks” arising due to the heterogeneity of the GHS flow between the measuring bases formed by the sensors 18, 19 20, 21.

Knowing the distances between the measuring bases l _1-2 , l _2-3 , l _3-4 , l _1-4 , the volumes of the measuring bases V _1-2 , V _2-3 , V _3-4 , V _1-4 , we can determine the speed of movement v and the volumetric flow rate Q ' _o "labels" on the corresponding sections of the measuring device according to one of the expressions:

If the “mark” is formed by a gas “bubble”, then its speed in the ascending, horizontal and descending sections of the measuring device will be different, therefore, preference should be given to the integral values of the speed of movement (34) and volumetric flow (38).

Moreover, by increasing the length l _1-4 and the volume V _{1-4, the} accuracy of determining V _1-4 and Q _o1-4 'in relation to shorter measuring bases is increased.

In the case of “plug” or “clear” modes of movement of the GHS flow, the volume of gas passed through can be determined by integrating the volume of gas “plugs” by the value of the density change ρ (t) during the movement along one of the measuring bases taking into account the operating pressure and temperature Since density ρ _1-2 and ρ _{3-4 are} determined for different

pressures P ₁ and P ₄ , the volumetric gas content C _g can be determined through their values by the expression (in fractions of unity):

The density determined by a hydrostatic densitometer (ρ _1-2 , ρ _3-4 , ρ _1-4 ) of a gas-liquid mixture is the sum of the products of the density of the gas and liquid phases by their fractional content in the mixture:

ρ _gr gas density under operating conditions, determined by the formula (5)

The liquid content in the gas-liquid mixture is determined similarly to the formula (6):

The density of the liquid rh is determined by the expression similar to formula (7):

The determination of oil and water content according to hydrostatic densitometers is determined based on the condition:

where ρ _in and ρ _n are set according to laboratory analysis of well production,

C _{w is} determined by the expression (41), ρ _w - by the expression (42).

Then the water content is determined similarly to the formula (8)

oil content is similar to formula (9)

The volumetric flow rates of gas, oil, water are determined from the condition that the volumetric flow rate of the gas-liquid mixture Q _o2 through the constricting device 9 and the volumetric integral flow rate Q _OH through the three constricting devices 8, 9, 10 determined by the expressions (26, 30) is equal to the sum of the component costs mixtures according to their share in the volume of the mixture:

Then

When measured ρ _cm and calculated ρ _gr (31) and ρ _W (34), the volumetric gas flow rate β is additionally determined by the expression (in fractions of volume):

Thus, the determination of the density of a gas-liquid mixture through hydrostatic densitometers and volumetric flow rate through constriction devices also makes it possible to determine the content of all phases in a three-phase flow and their volumetric flow rate. The volumetric flow rates of gas, oil and water using data from gamma - densitometers are determined by the formulas similar to (51-53):

The volumetric gas flow rate β in this case is determined by the expression similar to formula (54):

The system of coils of electromagnetic probes 28 and 29 for determining the conductivity and permittivity by the non-contact method through the radiolucent walls of vertical pipes made of high-strength fiberglass, allows you to additionally continuously determine the volumetric water content in the gas and liquid mixture in upward and downward flows (at least up to 40-45 % water cut with separate and bubble-cork flow).

The water content in the mixture is determined in this case by the expression:

where ε _cm is the dielectric constant of the gas-liquid mixture;

ε _in - dielectric constant of water;

ε _coal is the dielectric constant of hydrocarbons.

Taking ε _angle = 1.6, expression (60) is reduced to the form:

The hydrocarbon content in the mixture is defined as:

From the condition

hydrocarbon density is determined

and then, according to the known values of ρ _n and ρgr, the oil and gas content in the hydrocarbon mixture is determined:

Verification is carried out by the expression:

and also in comparison with equations (39, 44, 45).

The volumetric flow rate of the phases in this case is determined similarly to equations (48-53).

The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) sensor 31 located in the upper horizontal pipe 5 of the device provides additional information related to the appearance in the well production of water pumped into injection wells from open reservoirs and having a high content of dissolved oxygen. By measuring the ORP values, it is possible to record the moment of a breakthrough into the well of water injected from the day surface and timely take measures to isolate the place of their entry into the well.

The ORP value is measured through the potential Eh of an inert electrode immersed in a redox medium relative to this medium.

There is a relation (Pirson S.J. Redox log interprets reservoir potential. "Oil and Gas Journal", 1968, 66, No. 31, pp. 69-75 (English).):

where Eh is the potential of the inert electrode, referred to the standard hydrogen electrode;

Eo - systems constant (electrode potential, measured at 50% ^SG oxidation systems);

R = 8.315 J and F = 96.540 K are thermodynamic constants;

T is the absolute temperature;

n is the number of electrons involved in the reaction;

OX and Red are the concentrations of oxidizing and reducing agents, respectively. A gold or platinum electrode can be used as an inert electrode in an ORP sensor, and a lead electrode calibrated relative to a standard hydrogen electrode (calomel) can be used as a comparative electrode. The ORP method consists in the continuous measurement of the potential Eh with averaging over the measurement time t, which can be changed from 10 to 120 s. The limits of measurement of Eh are from + 500 to -500 mV.

An additional determination of the volumetric gas content in a multiphase gas-liquid flow is made on the basis of the Joule-Thomson effect (Cooling X. Handbook of physics. Translated from German - M .: Mir, 1982 - 520 p. (P.174-175)) when throttling the gas-liquid flow through the narrowing device 8, 9, 10 (chokes) in the form of washers. Joule-Thomson integral coefficient:

where ΔТ is the temperature difference on the narrowing device;

ΔР is the pressure drop across the constriction device.

From the reference value for water - 0.235 ° C / MPa, for oil - 0.4-0.6 ° C / MPa, and for gas -3 ÷ 6 ° C / MPa (for methane ≈4 ° C / MPa).

At temperatures below critical temperatures, the passage of liquids (oil, water) through the throttle causes them to heat, and the passage of gas through the throttle causes it to cool (the sign of St changes).

Given that for gas, an order of magnitude greater than for liquids, as well as the fact that the sign changes during gas throttling , this parameter is advisable additionally

use to determine the volumetric gas content in the stream (especially with significant quantities) by the equation:

because

Where Joule-Thomson coefficient for the mixture;

_{in n g g} - Joule-Thomson coefficient for water, oil, gas and liquid;

With _in , With _n , With _g , and With _W - the proportion of water, oil, gas and liquid in the mixture;

then you can write

_cm = C _{w W-} C _{g g}

Taking _W = 0.4 ° C / MPa and _g = 4 ° C / MPa, we have _ss = 0,4S -4C _{x g.}

Taking C _x = (1-Cr), we obtain _cm = 0.4-0.4C _g -4C _g = 0.4-4.4Cg

From here , shares (71)

For example, at Δt ° = -0.062 ° С and ΔР = 0.041 MPa

C _w = 1-0.4318 = 0.5652

The values of ε _tg are refined by the composition of the gas, and ε _tl by the fractions of oil and water determined by equations (3-9) (47), (48). (59), (63).

The pressure drop ΔP is determined by the pressure difference between the input and output of the measuring device through the differential pressure gauge ΔP _1-4 = P ₁ -P ₄ , and the temperature difference Δt is determined by the temperature difference between the input and output of the measuring device according to the readings of highly sensitive thermometers Δt _{1 -4} = t ° ₁ -t ° ₄ or differential thermometer with two sensors included in different shoulders of the bridge circuit.

Thus, the proposed utility model solves the urgent problem of the oil and gas industry - measuring the flow rate of three-component product flows of producing wells without building expensive bulky separation devices in individual wells and well clusters. Quantitative measurements of the component-wise flow rate of the GWF of well products can be carried out by mounting the insert of the device according to the invention in a flow line from a well or group of wells. Moreover, the relative content of the components of gas-liquid flows can vary within wide limits - the gas factor from 1 to 500 m ³ / m ³ , water cut from 0 to 98%. The device for measuring can also be mounted on a mobile vehicle, such as a trailer, and used for research when developing and putting a well into operation, which expands its scope.

Claims (12)

1. Device for measuring the component flow rate of a three-component gas-liquid flow, characterized in that it is a symmetrical design consisting of two vertically and parallel pipes made of high-strength radio-transparent material (fiberglass) with metal tips ending in flanges connected in the upper and lower parts by two horizontal metal pipes with vertically arranged flanged connecting bends, in the flanged joints of the upper horizontal bends of the ontal pipe and in its middle there are three replaceable narrowing devices (chokes), which are washers, the diameter of the passage opening of which is 2-4 times smaller than the inner diameter of the vertical fiberglass pipes, which creates the necessary pressure difference between the upward and downward flows, at the ends the lower horizontal pipe are flange connections designed to be embedded in the main pipeline, in the middle and on the vertical bends of the lower horizontal pipe are located ball valves with which gas-liquid flow can be directed through the lower horizontal pipe, or through the bypass line of the meter, forming the ascending, horizontal and descending branches of the stream, four sensors are symmetrically located on the lower metal ends of the vertical pipes and on the opposite parts of the upper horizontal pipe pressure and temperature; vertical pipes are symmetrically located: two sources of ionizing radiation, which are containers filled with KCl in them, four gamma radiation detectors forming small and large gamma-density densitometers, two electromagnetic conductivity and permittivity probes; on the upper horizontal pipe are symmetrically located: in the left end - a compensation detector of background gamma activity; in the right end is a probe of redox potential. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the redox probe contains a platinum electrode and a reference electrode. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetic conductivity and permittivity probes are made in the form of inductive coils located on the outer surface of vertical pipes with the possibility of non-contact measurements of attenuation and phase shift, resonant frequency and Doppler frequency offset of high-frequency energy passing through the stream mixtures. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the inductive coils on the ascending and descending branches of the flow are spaced at distances that provide a correlation measurement of the speed of the mixture due to its inhomogeneity in conductivity and dielectric constant. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gamma-ray detectors in gamma-densitometers and the background gamma-ray detector are made in the form of scintiblocks consisting of a NaJ (Tl) or ZsJ crystal and a photoelectronic multiplier. 6. The device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that to minimize the influence of the cosmic background, the detectors of gamma-density meters are protected on the outside by protective shields, for example, of leaded rubber. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for determining the density from hydrostatic densitometers, the pressure and temperature sensors are made in the form of high-precision quartz pressure transducers with a frequency output that are switched on differentially with the accumulation of difference signals over the average transport delay time of the mixture between the middle of the measurement bases hydrostatic densitometers. 8. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an electronics unit, a microprocessor controller, and a non-volatile memory unit used to collect and process information from the sensors for performing calculations using certain predetermined algorithms for storing calibration data, which are the basis for comparing and archiving weekends data for a long measurement period. 9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains an emergency battery supply system that ensures the meter is operational when the power supply is disconnected for a period of at least 24 hours. 10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the emergency battery system contains a unit for automatically recharging the batteries when the power is turned on. 11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that to prevent the buildup of asphalt-resinous and paraffin deposits on the inner surface of the device, the walls of the device have a protective coating.  12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire measuring device is closed by a thermally insulated protective casing.