RU45119U1 - VEHICLE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The gas supply system of vehicles contains a compressor unit mounted on a mobile platform, a group of compressed natural gas storages, each of which is located in the immediate vicinity of the gas main and is equipped with a gas distribution unit, a gas purification, cooling unit, and gas supply channels to vehicles with connecting devices ., The compressor unit is located on the chassis of a mobile vehicle platform or on a mobile railway platform and is configured to connect gas distribution node of each of the storage facilities of compressed natural gas. The storage facilities are located at a considerable distance from each other with the formation of a refueling complex in the territory covering at least one urban or rural area, containing at least two branches of the gas main with different gas pressure. The compressor is made in the form of a reciprocating multistage motor compressor equipped with a number of stages control unit, which has a plurality of compression chambers grouped into stages, the number of which corresponds to the number of pressure intervals in the branches of the gas mains of the indicated refueling complex. The gas purification and cooling unit is made in the form of a connected multichannel switched heat exchanger and a heat pump, and the number of heat exchanger channels corresponds to the number of compression chambers of the control unit by the number of steps and a diaphragm is installed in each channel.

Description

The present invention relates to systems for supplying consumers with natural fuel compressed gas for gas-filled vehicles and can be used to refuel vehicles with natural gas and other hydrogen-containing gases. The invention can also be used as part of other technological systems that are subject to the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities" No. 116-F 3 of July 21, 1997.

The system includes a storage of the finished product, for example gas, a compressor unit with a reciprocating compressor capable of working with explosive or harmful gas, a gas distribution device connected to the gas main, a gas cleaning, drying and cooling unit, a gas supply line to the vehicle and a fire extinguishing system . When placing the specified system near utilities, roads or residential buildings, i.e. in a residential area, it is subject to particularly stringent requirements for explosion and fire safety, noise, vibration and resonant effects on the environment of the surrounding area.

Automobile gas filling stations “AGNKS-500” exist and are used, connected to the regional gas line through a gas switchgear, included in the gas engine fuel supply system of automobiles with certified gas equipment (“Instructions for the installation, maintenance and safety of operated gas-filled fuel systems on cars using compressed gas. ”RAO GAZPROM M. 1996, p. 92). Previously, they were located outside the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD), but as the city grew, they were surrounded by urban buildings and ended up in a residential area. At these stations, a gas distribution device with valves and a pressure regulator that controls the pressure and gas flow rate at the intake manifold of stationary multi-stage

compressor plants containing, due to the use of movable shaft seals, the so-called crankcase purge line connected to the line through a gas holder. Every year, the system is opened to replace piston rings, cuffs of movable joints, and other routine maintenance. Gas enters the atmosphere, therefore, around the stations place a security zone, occupying a large area. On the other hand, the main consumer of environmentally friendly gas motor fuel as an alternative to liquid fuel should be municipal transport located within the city. This contradiction between consumption and safety hinders the use of environmentally friendly fuel in municipal automobile transport, since it increases the cost of transport work depending on the mileage for refueling (Yu.N. Vasiliev, A.I. Gritsenko, K.Yu. Chirikov "Gas refueling of vehicles," Moscow, Nedra, 1995, p. 206).

They try to eliminate this contradiction in various ways, for example, by delivering compressed gas closer to the consumer using a mobile gas refueling machine (PAGZ) (RU, 2177884, C1, MKI: 60 P 3/24, B 60 S 5/02). According to this invention, gas is transported closer to the consumer, but the safety conditions are deteriorating: the refueling tank itself is a particularly dangerous facility carrying cylinders with compressed up to 250 atm. explosive gas. The use of such a mobile gas storage facility in conditions of heavy city traffic is impossible, therefore gas is supplied to the consumer either at night or early in the morning, when there is the least demand for it (Yu.N. Vasiliev, A.I. Gritsenko, K.Yu. Chirikov "Gas filling of transport ", Moscow," Nedra ", 1995, p. 201). In addition, the tanker cannot be emptied by 100%, since the consumer needs a pressure of 200 atm, and the law of communicating vessels for gases does not fully work.

There are gas supply systems with closed gas storages. which are also used on CNG stations. The presence in these systems of multi-stage compressors with conditionally closed crankcase, not able to withstand the excess main pressure in full,

that is, having a movable shaft seal, it forces the use of auxiliary gas holder systems for pumping gas annular leaks from the crankcase. Also known are motor compressors that are capable of compressing gas in semi-hermetic gas supply systems "Octagon" in one / two stages, used, for example, in industrial refrigeration units (ISSN 0865 - 5865 Compressors & Pneumatics "Compressors and Pneumatics", industry magazine No. 6, No. 7, 2001, p. 10-13).

A known gas supply system for vehicles (RU, 2105234, C1, MKI: F17C 5/06, publ. 02.20.98, B.I. No. 5), comprising a compressor connected to a natural gas source through a pressure regulator, a drying unit, a gas storage , an expansion tank installed on the gas supply line to the dispensing columns, a connecting device in the form of pins with a sealing element and a gas supply line to the vehicle. The system has pressure sensors located in the expansion tank and in the dispensing columns, as well as driving and return valves installed on the gas supply lines to the dispensing columns and in gas storages. It can be equipped with a compressor unit based on piston compressors of the Octagon series, with a split housing and standard self-acting valves for suction and discharge lines.

A disadvantage of the known system is that it can be used at stationary gas filling stations for gas compression in one / two stages, which limits its use to obtain high pressure from medium and low pressure city highways. For high-pressure lines, this system without a pressure regulator is not applicable for safety reasons. Semi-hermetic piston compressors “with shortened and quiet running” of the Octagon series with a split housing are a good, but not sufficient alternative for solving the problems of the ecology of refueling systems. The Octagon motor compressor has a not enough strong and tight case and not enough volumetric power, which is connected with the design of valves limiting the shaft rotation speed to 25 r / sec. These negative

factors do not give prospects for the use of systems with this series of reciprocating motor compressors in vehicles refueling systems with compressed natural or other hydrogen-containing gas. In addition, the even-ray kinematics of the Octagon kinematics implies the simultaneous coincidence of the top and bottom dead points when the piston moves, so the noise from piston motor compressors for city conditions is not sufficiently reduced. When disconnecting the pins of the gas supply line to the consumer, the gas enters the atmosphere, and the flexible lines remain under pressure.

The basis of the present invention is to develop a gas supply system for vehicles that provides full loading of gas equipment for consumers from branches of the gas line from any of the known pressures of the gas line to the maximum pressure of the consumer cylinder without loss of elastic energy of the gas line.

The problem is solved in that in the gas supply system of vehicles containing a compressor unit mounted on a mobile platform, a group of compressed natural gas storages, each of which is located in the immediate vicinity of the gas main and is equipped with a gas distribution unit, a gas purification, cooling unit, and channels gas supply to vehicles with connecting devices, according to the invention, the compressor unit is located on the chassis of a mobile vehicle platform and is made with the ability to connect to the gas distribution unit each of the compressed natural gas storages located at a considerable distance from each other with the formation of a gas station complex in the territory covering at least one urban or rural area, containing at least two branches of the gas main with different gas pressure, this compressor installation is made in the form of a reciprocating multistage motor compressor equipped with a number of stages control unit, which has many compression chambers, grouped ovannykh in steps, the number of which corresponds to the number of intervals

pressure in the branches of the gas lines of the specified refueling complex, while the gas purification and cooling unit is made in the form of connected multichannel switched heat exchanger and heat pump, and the number of heat exchanger channels corresponds to the number of compression chambers of the control unit by the number of steps and a diaphragm is installed in each channel.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the gas supply system of vehicles containing a compressor unit mounted on a mobile platform, a group of compressed natural gas storages, each of which is located in the immediate vicinity of the gas main and is equipped with a gas distribution unit, a gas purification, cooling unit, and channels for supplying gas to vehicles with connecting devices, according to the invention, the compressor unit is located on a movable railway platform and in is equipped with the possibility of connecting to the gas distribution unit each of the compressed natural gas storages located at a considerable distance from each other with the formation of a gas station complex in the territory covering at least one urban or rural area with at least one railway junction and containing at least two branches of the gas main with different gas pressure, while the compressor of the installation is made in the form of a piston multistage motor compressor equipped with a control unit ohm steps, which has many compression chambers, grouped into stages, the number of which corresponds to the number of pressure intervals in the branches of the gas mains of the specified refueling complex, while the gas purification and cooling unit is made in the form of connected multichannel switched heat exchanger and heat pump, the number of channels of the heat exchanger corresponding the number of compression chambers of the control unit by the number of steps and a diaphragm is installed in each channel.

Placing the compressor unit on a mobile platform or running railway platform allows it to be transported from

storages to the storages according to the current network schedule of gas consumption, due to which the problem of uneven power loading of various elements of the system caused by irregular gas consumption is resolved.

The control unit for the number of steps performs stepwise adjustment of the performance of the piston motor compressor to the maximum degree of gas compression in each chamber. The gas purification and cooling unit located on the platform in the form of a connected heat pump and a multichannel switched heat exchanger with a channel for each chamber provides smooth adjustment of the interstage compressor performance by adjusting the temperature of leaks on the intake manifold of each compression chamber.

The control unit for the number of steps included in the motor compressor programs the state of the circuit according to the number of steps depending on the pressure at the outlet of the unit, it is controlled by pressure sensors through the diaphragm of the heat exchanger.

The presence in the compressor of the control unit of the number of steps allows you to use completely, without a pressure regulator, the elastic energy of the gas line and reduce the specific energy consumption by 1 m ³ gas, as well as expand the possibility of using the proposed installation for various points of the refueling complex, which, as a rule, contain lines of various pressure: low (0.15-0.3 MPa), medium (0.3-2.5 MPa) and high (2.5-5.0 MPa). The built-in multi-channel compressor heat exchanger with a control unit for the number of stages allows to unify the refueling system, reduce specific energy consumption by 1 m ^{3 of} compressible gas and improve gas quality, bringing it as close as possible for different areas, for example, the city, to the required technical specifications GOST 27577-2000.

Each compression chamber is connected to the subsequent one through, for example, an explosion-proof electro-pneumatic valve containing three switching channels located in the gas channels, while two

in the initial state, the switching channels are normally open, and the third channel is normally closed.

The number of stages control unit may contain ten compression chambers, the number of stages being from 1 to N, where N = K-k, where K is the total number of chambers, and k is the number of the group of compression chambers of the first base stage, which sets the volumetric power of the installation.

Known methods for the dynamic calculation of shafts and regulation of reciprocating compressor machines (B.S. Fotin, I. B. Pirumov, I.K. Prilutsky, etc. "Piston compressors", publishing house "Engineering", 1987, pp. 160-162, ZB Kantorovich "Fundamentals of the calculation of chemical machines and apparatuses", published by Mashgiz, 1946, pp. 383-390) relate primarily to the regulation of the compressor shaft stiffness and its performance under predetermined conditions in the intake manifold. There are also known methods of regulating the impact on switching (K.I. Strakhovich, M.I. Frenkel and others. "Compressor machines", Moscow, publ. GITL, 1961, p. 178, table 12).

In this case, it is necessary to regulate the piston motor compressor with uncertain suction conditions, the place of installation and attachment of the machine to the mains with a wide interval of overpressure of explosive natural gas existing in different sections of the gas pipeline. Therefore, the adjusting characteristics of the system are calculated by the limiting interval of gas compression in each stage, limited by the limiting gas temperature at the end of compression inside each chamber. If you use a compressor with an overestimated number of compression stages designed for a low ultimate suction pressure, the effect of regulation will be insignificant due to unjustifiably increased friction in the mechanism of movement of the piston-cylinder group. If you use a compressor with a reduced number of stages, then with a low inlet pressure, you will have to either overheat the gas to explosive temperatures or not completely fill the consumer’s gas equipment.

Uniform placement of ten compression chambers around the circumference of the casing makes it possible to realize five options for grouping the number of stages and, as a result, connect to highways of various pressures. In this case, a star-shaped, single-row diagram of the mechanism with an odd number of rays and uniform distribution of compression chambers was chosen. For such a scheme, the number of coincidences of the dead points does not exceed unity at any moment of rotation of the shaft, which leads to a reduction in noise, and the vector diagram of vibration takes the form of a decahedron with rounded corners. A single-row scheme allows you to unload the shaft from the tangential forces of inertia.

It is advisable that the compressor installation be located on a frame placed on the chassis with the possibility of longitudinal movement by means of elevators inside the opening of the chassis to the stop with one of the foundations made in the immediate vicinity of the storage of compressed natural gas. This allows the consumer to provide a safe technological service. The ability to connect a mobile car gas station to various gas distribution units removes the problem of underloading and equipment downtime.

The lift is made in the form of a jack containing a thrust shoe with a conductive gasket on its surface, interacting with the foundation when installing a frame on it with a compressor unit, which, for example, can be made in the form of a cast-iron grate.

The operation of any high-performance compressor unit is accompanied by high dynamic loads on the foundation. In order to unload the chassis of the chassis from dynamic overloads, the load on the foundation, which is made of electrically permeable material - cast iron, is transferred by a group of jacks through the window in the frame of the trolley to unload the chassis and comply with the installation and fastening of power units of high-speed machines on foundations. Such a foundation was built near each of the storages, and is a lattice of cast iron flush with the surface of the roadway with a ground loop in the ground. The foundation, without interfering with the passage of transport,

provides reliable fixation and damping of vibration from higher order derivatives during installation operation.

The compressor installation can be located on a frame placed on the chassis of the railway platform with the possibility of longitudinal movement by means of elevators inside the opening of the chassis to the stop with the rails of the railway unit, in the immediate vicinity of which there is a storage of compressed natural gas. In this case, the lift is made in the form of a jack containing a persistent shoe with a conductive gasket on its surface, interacting with one of the rails when installing a frame with a compressor unit on them.

Each gas distribution unit contains a network of flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, each of which is equipped with a rotary valve with a socket in its body, which is fixed with its axis on the plate of the unit with the possibility of opening or closing the hose. At the same time, to facilitate the operator’s work, the system includes a bracket mounted on the chassis with the possibility of cantilever extension beyond the platform and carrying a network of flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, each of which has a tip in the form of a pin for placement in the reciprocal socket of the rotary valve of the gas distribution device . This design provides a simple, reliable and safe connection to the gas distribution unit of each store and to the consumer’s gas equipment. Connecting devices are equipped with quick-detachable connections, ensure minimization of emissions when they are disconnected.

The tip is inserted into the handle, in which there is an electro-pneumatic valve controlled by a reed switch, which interacts with a magnetic mark, which is mounted on the plate of the gas distribution unit. Using an electro-pneumatic valve, a signal from the reed switch is used to supply gas under pressure from the tip side, i.e., the pin. When opening the slewing crane, the reed switch is combined with a magnetic mark to the stop.

The compressor drive can be made in the form of a movement mechanism containing a clutch mounted with an eccentricity on the motor shaft and made in the form of an elastic wheel with a spoke, on the rim of which kinematic links are pivotally fixed, while the spoke and kinematic links are connected to the pistons of the piston cylinder group forming the chamber compression of the control unit by the number of steps. Using the coupling allows you to smooth out shock loads that occur when connecting and distributing the load between the compression chambers, which are arranged radially in the form of beams in pairs in the compressor housing. Thanks to the proposed arrangement of the movement mechanism at the end of the main shaft of the motor, it became possible to refuse other types of couplings that require the shaft to exit the motor housing, and its seals, all types of which, being a movable joint, cannot be sealed in accordance with the shutter tightness standards adopted in the gas industry.

It is advisable that each piston of the cylinder-piston group consist of at least two cylindrical sections of different diameters and a hollow rod, one part of which would be placed in the piston cavity, and the other would protrude from one of the cylinder sections. In this case, it is desirable to make each cylinder of the piston-cylinder group two-sectional with an inner surface repeating the shape of the outer surface of the piston, while labyrinth grooves are made on the inner surface of the cylinder and the outer surface of each piston section, the winding directions of which are opposite.

Each compression chamber contains a suction valve and a discharge valve in the form of an axial chord valve containing a cylinder with plates on both sides of it and elastic plates with seals in the form of a closed-loop elastic coating sandwiched between the cylinder and these plates. Axial chord valve allows increasing compressor shaft rotation speed up to 100 r / s and significantly increasing compressor volumetric power. The absence of piston rings reduces friction and heating of explosive gas.

Each cylinder of the piston-piston group is surrounded by two clamps, on the inner surface of one of which there are two recesses with a seal located near each axial chord valve and designed to connect the gas channel to the suction manifold, each clamp equipped with a locking ring for fixing the cylinder and has an internal base surface.

On the piston and cylinder surfaces facing each other, labyrinth grooves are made, the winding directions of which are opposite. This makes it possible to use a labyrinth seal without piston rings, not only for viscous gases such as propane, but also for methane, hydrogen and even helium.

The spoke is fixed to the rim of the clutch wheel by means of a detachable connection formed by a pair of conical fingers arranged relative to each other orthogonally. This mount allows you to assemble the compressor without using a split housing.

To dynamically adjust the torsional vibrations of the shaft, annular grooves are made on the end surface of the clutch rim, in which balls are held, held by two disks mounted for rotation together with the motor shaft.

The compressor is enclosed in a sealed enclosure that is stronger than the pipes of the gas network and is able to withstand not only the increased pressure of the gas line, but also dynamic loads from the shaft. Such a housing can be in communication with the gas line and the intake manifold of each compression chamber. A fully sealed piston motor compressor is able to operate at any pressure of the city network without a gas pressure reducer, which allows the elastic energy of the gas of any network to be used completely, since the protective pressure regulator can not be used in the suction process.

The frame, which encloses a motor compressor with an integrated control unit for the number of steps and a heat exchanger, is made of belts and walls, contains a vibration mount and a carriage with a group of windows. Such a frame has

the greatest rigidity and durability and ensures safety during operation of the proposed gas supply system.

Thus, the inventive gas supply system of vehicles provides the expansion of the possibilities of using environmentally friendly compressed natural gas fuel in an urban metropolis, subject to all conditions and norms of the law on industrial safety.

In the future, the invention is illustrated by a specific example of its implementation and the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 depicts a plan of a General view of the gas supply system of vehicles with the placement of the compressor unit on a platform, according to the invention;

figure 2 - the layout of the piston motor compressor in the frame of the compressor unit, located on the platform;

figure 3 is an example of the placement of a mobile gas tanker in an urban environment;

figure 4 is a plan of a General view of the gas supply system of vehicles with the placement of the compressor unit on a railway platform;

figure 5 - the layout of the piston motor compressor in the frame of the compressor unit, located on the railway platform;

6 is a shunting gas tanker with a section of the system;

7 is a functional diagram of a control unit for the number of steps with compression chambers of a piston motor compressor;

Fig.8 is a pneumatic board;

Fig.9 - the location of the piston motor compressor with a multi-channel heat exchanger in a sealed housing;

figure 10 - coupling with a piston;

11 is a movement mechanism;

Fig - cylinder-piston group;

Fig.13-14 - the piston;

Fig.15-clamp;

Fig - axial chord valve, disassembled;

Fig is a diagram of a heat pump;

Fig. 18 is one of the channels of a heat pump with an integrated sprinkler head and an electro-pneumatic valve of the integrated fire extinguishing system;

Fig - remote part of the network of connecting devices.

The gas supply system of vehicles, according to the invention, contains a group of storages 1 ₁ , ....., 1 _n (Fig. 1) of compressed natural gas, each of which is connected through a group of pipelines 2 through a corresponding gas distribution unit 3 ₁ , .... .., 3 _n to branch 4 ₁ , ........, 4 _{n of the} gas pipeline 5 ₁ , ...., 5 _n , in the immediate vicinity of which this storage is located. In addition, each of the storages 1 ₁ , ........, 1 _{n is} communicated with the corresponding channel 6 ₁ , ....., 6 _n gas supply to the vehicle 7 ₁ , ...., 7 _n equipped with gas equipment 8. Storage facilities 1 ₁ , ...., 1 _n are located at a considerable distance from each other so that they form a complex of refueling facilities in the territory covering at least one urban or rural area containing branches 4 ₁ ,. ...., 4 _n gas lines with different gas pressures.

The system also contains a compressor unit 9 (Figs. 1, 2) with a piston motor compressor 10 located on a frame 11 mounted on the suspension 12. A frame 11 for moving the compressor unit 9 from one storage 1 ₁ , ...., 1 _n to another placed on the chassis 13 of a movable, for example, a platform platform 14 of a mobile gas tanker (MAGZ) 15 (Fig. 3) with the possibility of longitudinal movement inside the opening 16 along the guides of the suspension 12 until it stops with one of the foundations 17 ₁ , ........, 17 _n by the pair of screw jacks lifts as 18. Each jack 18 comprises upo ny shoe 19 with conductive copper gasket 20 pressed to the grounding circuit 21. Suspension underpass 12, the carrier frame 11 is supported on one of the foundations

17 ₁ , ..., 17 _n , which is capable of damping the noise and vibrations of the compressor unit 9. A bracket 22 is mounted on the chassis 13, which is capable of cantileverly swinging out of the platform 14 and carrying a network of 23 flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, each of which has a tip 24 in the form of a pin with sealing elements, for example, of rubber of circular cross-section. Tips 24 are designed to connect the compressor unit 9 to one of the gas distribution nodes 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n , which have corresponding sockets 25 for tips 24. To each of the gas supply channels 6 ₁ , ..., 6 _n with the corresponding storage 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n , a group of flexible hoses 26 is connected with lugs 27 at the end and sockets 28 corresponding to them for connecting to one of the storage 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n vehicles 7 ₁ ,. .., 7 _n with gas equipment 8.

The supply voltage to the jacks 18, the reciprocating motor compressor 10 and the compressor installation equipment 9 is supplied from the power supply and control unit 29 also located on the platform 14 by means of flexible cables 30.

Each of the foundations 17 ₁ , ..., 17 _n according to safety rules is made in the form of a massive cast-iron grate 31 with a drainage system 32 and a grounding underground circuit 21. The grate 31 is located in a compacted pound fundamentally, flush with the surface of the roadway and does not interfere with the passage of vehicles funds 7 ₁ , ..., 7 _n . To eliminate the possible accumulation of fire-hazardous and explosive mixtures in the supporting structures, for example, in the frame 11, windows 33 are made in the walls and belts of the latter, the arrangement of which provides natural ventilation of the cavities between the belts and the walls of the frame 11.

Each of the nodes 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n is located away from the corresponding foundation 17 ₁ , ..., 17 _n , so as not to interfere with the passage and stop of the platform 14 above one of the foundations 17 ₁ , ..., 17 _n . The nodes 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _{n are} fixed in the ground fundamentally and each of them is connected underground by a group of pipelines 2 with the corresponding storage 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _{n of} compressed gas and with one of the branches 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _n highways 5 ₁ , .., 5 _n natural

gas, as a rule, underground execution. Branch 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _n carries gas of low and medium pressure, intended for the fuel, domestic and household needs of a given residential or industrial area. There is a design gradation of gas branches by pressure and flow rate and, as a rule, by pressure, ranges from 0.013 to 2 MPa for municipal networks and from 1.5 to 5.5 MPa for transport networks of gas pipelines. Each of the nodes 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n is connected with the corresponding branch 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _n and the store 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n so that the gas from the store 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n could not get into the network of branch 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _n . for this pair of piping 2 is plugged.

A block 34 for cleaning and cooling the gas is also installed on the chassis 13, which is made in the form of a connected multi-channel switched heat exchanger 35 and a heat pump 36. The compressor 10 with the heat exchanger 35 is mounted on the vibration mount 37. In addition, a backup tank 38 filled with antifreeze is placed on the chassis 13, used in the gas cooling system, and each of the storages 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _{n is} equipped with a jacket 39, which is filled with antifreeze and can be communicated with a reserve capacity 38 through the corresponding gas distribution unit 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n .

Figure 4 shows a general view of the layout of the locomotive supply system 40 with gas-filled equipment 41 with natural fuel compressed gas, according to GOST 27577. In this case, the compressor unit 42 with a piston motor compressor 43 is placed in the frame 44, which is installed on the railway platform 45 for moving the compressor units 42 along rail track 46 from one storage 47 ₁ , ..., 47 _{n of} compressed natural gas to another. Each of the storages 47 ₁ , ..., 47 _n through the corresponding gas distribution unit 48 ₁ , ..., 48 _{n is} connected to the branch 4 _2, ..., 4 _{n-1 of the} gas line 5 ₂ .

The frame 44 can be fixed on the rail track 46 using a group of jacks 49, each of which is made in the form of a screw pair with a shoe 50, on the lower part of which there is a conductive strip 51 interacting with the rail and made

from copper. For grounding the frame 44 and the platform 45 to the gasket 51 is attached, for example, by soldering, a grounding cable 52 connected to the frame 44 and the platform 45.

Each gas distribution unit 48 ₁ , ..., 48 _n , so as not to interfere with the passage and stops of the railway platform 45, is located away from path 46, while the network of flexible connecting devices 53 (Fig.6) in the form of hoses is placed on the console - a rotary crane 54, fixed in the ground fundamentally, and connected underground by a group of pipelines 55 with one of the branches 4 _{2 of the} gas main, usually of underground location and storage 47 ₁ . In addition, the gas distribution unit 48 ₁ , ..., 48 _n , may be located on the platform 45.

The compressor of the installation is made in the form of a reciprocating multistage motor compressor 9, equipped with a number of stages control unit 56 (Fig. 7), which has a plurality of compression chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n grouped in stages, the number of which corresponds to the number of pressure intervals from 0, 15 to 5 MPa in branches 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _{n of} gas lines of the specified refueling complex. The control unit 56 may contain, for example, ten chambers, while the number of steps can reach N = K-k, where K is the total number of chambers, and k is the number of the group of chambers of the first base stage that defines the volumetric power of the installation. Chambers 57 ₁ ..., 57 _n have suction valves 58 ₁ , ..., 58 _n and pressure valves 59 ₁ , ..., 59 _n , and the suction valve 58 _{1 of the} chamber 57 _{1 is} located at the outlet of the suction manifold 60.

Compression chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n differ from each other in volume and allowable final pressures, moreover, chamber 57 _{1 is} installed at the inlet of unit 56, and chamber 57 _{n of} smaller volume is installed at its output. Each of the chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _{n-1 is} connected to the subsequent chamber 57 ₂ ...., 57n through one of the electro-pneumatic valves 61 ₁ , ..., 61 _n , each of which contains three channels 62, 63 and 64 switching located in the gas channels 65. The design of channels 62-64 involves two versions of the initial state: one is “normally closed”, for example channel 63, and two are “normally open”, for example channels 62 and 64,

the mutual arrangement of which in the initial binary state forms a single-stage circuit. The supply voltage to the electro-pneumatic valves 61 ₁ , ..., 61 _n is supplied from the power supply unit 29 by means of flexible cables 30. Pressure sensors 66 are installed in the channels 65.

The number of compression chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n corresponds to the number of channels of a switched heat exchanger 35, which are tubular heat-releasing elements 67 (TVELs) located in a cavity 68 filled with a heat-releasing agent - antifreeze. In each fuel element 67 there is a diaphragm 69 (Figs. 7, 8) in the form of a ball with an opening 70 and a slot 71 for changing the position of the hole 70 in order to regulate the cross section of the channel of the fuel element 67. Each fuel element 67 of the heat exchanger 35 contains a seal 72 with a fitting 73 which is locked by frame 74 and hermetically fixed to the pneumatic board 75, which is located in the protective casing 76 of the block 56 control the number of steps. Inside the massive plate of the pneumatic board 75, channels 77 are made forming a connection diagram of the steps in the branching unit 56.

In addition, drain pipes 78 connected to the crankcase cavity 79 (FIG. 9), which is hermetically separated from the heat exchanger 35 by means of the partition 80, are hermetically fixed on the pneumatic board 75. The crankcase 79 is connected to the compression chamber 57 ₁ by means of the intake manifold 60 in the immediate vicinity from the discharge valve 59 ₁ of which the heat exchanger 35 is located. The compressor drive is located in the crankcase 79 in the form of a movement mechanism 81, mounted on the shaft 82 of the motor of the motor compressor, which is located in the cavity 83 of the sturdy case 84 of the motor compressor. A shaft 82 mounted in rolling bearings 85 is connected to the rotor 86 and is supported by a support wall 87 separating the crankcase 79 from the cavity 83 and extends into the crankcase 79 in which it is located cantilever. The movement mechanism 81 is connected to a cylinder-piston group 88 forming a compression chamber 57 ₁ , ....., 57 _n . In the housing 84 is also installed a pressure seal 89 connected to the power supply and control unit 29 by means of flexible cables 30 and to the motor. Motor compressor 10 s

the built-in control unit 56 and the heat exchanger 35 is reinforced with a gun carriage 90 and mounted on a vibration mount 37.

On the upper part of the shaft 82, which is located in the cavity of the crankcase 79 and installed in the bearings 91, is mounted with an eccentricity e coupling 92 (Fig. 10, 11) in the form of a steel wheel with a high modulus of elasticity with a rim 93 and an insert spoke 94 that is fixed in the rim 93 at one end with a pair of conical fingers 95 orthogonal to each other and forming a detachable connection, while on the other end of the spoke 94 there is a hinge with a finger 96. On the rim 93, kinematic links in the form of a growl are pivotally fixed along its perimeter gugh 97 with a group of hinges with fingers 98. The spoke 94 and levers 97 are connected to the corresponding piston 88 (Fig. 9) and separated from the sleeve 92 through a C-shaped groove 99, and on the end surface of the rim 93 above the C-shaped groove 99 are made annular grooves 100, in which the balls 101 are placed, held by a pair of discs 102 mounted rotatably with the shaft 82, while on the peripheral side of at least one of the discs 102 there is a massive load 103 serving as an adjustable counterweight, and at the end of one of them is made technological hole plug 104.

At the end of each lever 97 (Fig. 12), a corresponding differential piston 105 from the cylinder-piston group 88 is pivotally mounted on which the support sleeve 106 (Fig. 13) is mounted rotatably relative to the lever 97. The piston 105 consists of two cylindrical sections 107 and 108 of different diameter with a conical transition 109 between them. A hollow rod 110 is placed inside the piston 105, which together with the sleeve 106 forms a piston stiffness frame, while a support sleeve 112 is placed at the end of the rod 110 protruding from the piston 105 from the side of its conical part 111. A channel 113 with a narrowed section is made inside the rod 110. 114, through which the crankcase cavity 79 communicates with the chamber 115 (Fig. 12), closed by a cover 116. On the outer cylindrical surface of each piston section 107 and 108 are made

labyrinth grooves 117 and 118, respectively, for example, in the form of multiple threads, and they are wound towards each other.

The differential piston 105 is installed inside the two-section cylinder 119, the stepped inner surface of which follows the shape of the outer surface of the piston 105, with each section of the cylinder 119 being longer than the corresponding section 107 and 108 of the piston 105 by 2e. In each cylinder 119 with a piston 105 located therein, at least two compression chambers are formed, for example chambers 57 _n and 57 ₁ (Fig. 12), which are connected to each other by a gas channel 65 and separated by a suction valve 58 ₁ and a valve 59 ₂ injections. On the inner surface of the cylinder 119, labyrinth grooves 120 are made in the form of, for example, multiple threads, the winding direction of which is opposite to the direction of winding of the grooves 117 and 118 of the corresponding sections 107 and 108 of the piston 105. Fig. 14 shows a lattice formed by the labyrinth grooves 117, 118 of the piston 105 and grooves 120 of cylinder 119, with nodes A at the intersection of these grooves.

The cylinder 119 is surrounded by two clamps 121 and 122, separated from each other by a protective ring 123, while cooling channels 124 and 125 are formed between the surfaces of the cylinder 119 facing each other and the clamps 121 and 122. At least two oval recesses 126 are made on the inner surface of the clamp 122 (FIGS. 12, 15) for connecting the gas channel 65 to the suction manifold 60 through an additional channel 127 made in the body of the clamp. The inlet and outlet openings of the channel and recesses 125 and 126 are surrounded by a sealing element in the form of an elastic coating 128. On the outer surface of each clamp there are fins 129 that serve as an air cooling radiator. Each collar 121 and 122 is equipped with a locking ring 130, which secures the clamp to prevent axial displacement along the outer surface of the cylinder 119 and is pulled together by the studs 131. The crankcase 79 is connected to the cylinder-piston group 87 by means of a stud 132. As a result, each of the bearing surfaces of each clamp capable of not only basing a stacked cylinder,

but also, depending on the shape of the outer surface of the cylinder parts and the orientation angle of each clamp, tightly close, disconnect or connect the channels to each other, forming, at assembly, from standard parts, at least two types of units, with liquid or gas cooling .

FIG. 16 shows an axial chordate valve 133, which is an assembly made up of a cylinder 134 with a set of elastic ring-shaped plates 135 pressed against the ends of the cylinder 134 by ring-shaped plates 136. Radial through channels 137 and 138 are made on the opposite end surfaces of each plate 136. which are located relative to each other diametrically opposite. The channels 137 are made so that between their walls and the edge of the plate 136, bounding its inner wall 139, which serves as the wall of the corresponding chamber 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n , a sealing edge 140 is formed, and the channels 138 are made so that the sealing edge 141 is formed along the outer edge of the end surface of the plate 136. In addition, on the end surface of each plate 136 on which the channels 137 are made, from the side of its outer edge there is a bevel 142, which is diametrically opposed to the channels 137, and on the end surface with the channels 138 from its inner edge has a chamfer 143 which is disposed diametrically opposite channels 138.

In each elastic plate 135, two pairs of through diametrically arranged slots 144 are made, between which tongues 145 are formed, and when the plates 135 and 136 are connected, one pair of slots 144 of each plate 135 is opposite the channels 137 of the corresponding plate 136, and the other pair of slots 144 is opposite bevels 142. On each side of the plate 135 there is an elastic coating 146 in the form of a closed loop.

On the end surfaces of the cylinder 134, as well as on the plates 136, there are made radial pass-through channels 147 and bevels 148 diametrically opposed to them. Moreover, in the case when on one

the end surface of the cylinder 134, the sealing edge 149 is adjacent to its outer edge, and the bevel 148 is made on the side of the inner edge, then on the other end surface of the sealing edge is adjacent to its inner edge, and the bevel 148 is made on the side of the outer edge. In addition, the channels 147 and the bevels 148 are located relative to each other on different sides from the axis of the cylinder 134.

A wave-like groove 150 is formed on the outer surface of the cylinder 134 to form an open cooling channel. In the plates 135 and 136, grooves 151 are made, which when connecting the cylinder 134, the plates 135 and 136 together with the channel 152 of the cylinder 134 close the cooling channels 124,125 and 137, closed by clamps 121, 122 from the outside and form a common cooling line of the cylinder wall and each tongue 145 of the valve 133. When assembling with rotation of the clamps relative to the channels 152, the latter can be in communication with the grooves 151, then the gas cools the cylinder before entering the cylinder chamber. Such "dry" cooling of the cylinder walls, in combination with a heat pump, can be used for high-pressure gas lines.

In FIG. 17 is a diagram of a heat pump 36 with a refrigerant circuit 153, for example freon, in which heat exchangers 154 and 155 are included with a cooling choke 156. The cold heat exchanger 155 is included in the circuit 157 of the circulation of a refrigerant, for example cold antifreeze, by means of a pump 158 through a multi-channel switched heat exchanger 35 of the gas purification and cooling unit 34. The hot heat exchanger 154 is included in the line 159 of the evaporator, for example hot antifreeze supplied by pump 160 to the jacket 39 of the corresponding storage 1 ₁ ... 1 _n . An electropneumatic valve 161 of the integrated fire extinguishing system 162 is connected to line 159. A natural gas line 163 is connected to circuit 153 with a cold heat exchanger 164 connected to the cavity 83 of the motor compressor housing 84, as well as a coolant line, for example hot antifreeze, with a heat exchanger 166 and a pump 167 for using secondary heat, for example, in radiators 168 for heating an operator’s room. Heat exchangers 154,155,164 and 166 are equipped with regulators

169 heat transfer. Hot antifreeze using heat pump 36 and pump transfer hot antifreeze 160 transfers the heat of the compressed gas from the zone with excess heat to the zone of heat use. For example, the use of secondary heat to heat the gas in the storage to a standard temperature helps to more accurately account for the gas sold. Cold heat dissipating antifreeze "liquid" cooling the walls of the cylinder helps to reduce the adiabatic work required to compress the gas in the chambers 57, and it is used for high and low pressure pipelines.

An electropneumatic valve 161 (Fig. 18) is connected through a controller 170 to a pump 160, connected to a power supply and control unit 29, and is in communication with a tank 171 filled with flame suppressing liquid, for example antifreeze, to which sprinkler heads 172 are also connected. Temperature sensors 173 are connected to block 29 installed in the gas channels 65 of the entire system. It should be noted that usually at the CNG filling station secondary heat is emitted into the atmosphere.

On Fig shows a connection diagram of each gas distribution unit 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n to the compressor unit 9 using a network of 23 flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, at the end of each of which is attached a handle 174 with a tip 24 inserted into it in the form of a pin with a sealing element 175, for example, of rubber of circular cross-section. Inside the handle 174 there is a 3-line electro-pneumatic valve 176, which is connected through a connector 177 to the power supply and control unit 29 and to which a hose serving as a low pressure suction line 179 is connected through a fitting 178. In addition, a reed switch 180 is located inside the handle 174, connected via a connector 177 to the block 29 and interacting with the magnetic mark 181. Each tip 24 has its own socket 25, which is integrated in the housing of the rotary valve 182, which is fixed with its axis 183 on the plate 184 of the gas distribution unit 3 ₁ and to which a flexible hose 185 is connected for connection to one of the branches 4 ₁ , ..., 4 _{n of the} gas line 5 ₁ , ..., 5 _n . Usually when manually disconnecting the tip

24 hoses from gas equipment 8 of the consumer part of the gas remaining in the hose under pressure is lost to the atmosphere.

In a similar way, the number control unit 56 is connected to the gas distribution unit 3 ₁ , while a drain line 187 is connected to the electro-pneumatic valve 176 on the low-pressure gas injection line 186, which is connected through a non-return valve 188, a valve 189 and an inductor 190 to a reserve tank 38 in communication with one of the branches 4 ₁ ".4 _{n of the} gas line 5 ₁ , ..., 5 _n . Pressure sensors 191 are installed in lines 179 and 186. A switchboard 192 is connected to the plate 184 of the gas distribution unit 3 ₁ , to which MAGZ 15 is connected.

The proposed vehicle gas supply system is used as follows.

Figure 1 shows the gas supply scheme of vehicles 7 ₁ , ..., 7 _n , including filling storage facilities 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _{n with} natural compressed gas and filling gas cylinders of vehicles 7 ₁ , ..., 7 _n with this gas moreover, at one station (one district of the city) filling of the storage facilities 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n can be carried out, as well as refueling of cars, and in another area - only refueling. To fill one of the storages, for example, storage 1 ₁ , a platform 14 with a compressor unit 9 of double volumetric power and weighing up to 5 tons is delivered with a truck tractor to this storage 1 ₁ . After that, the platform 14 is oriented and fixed so that the group of jacks 18 would be located on the foundation 17 ₁ , and the bracket 22 with the network 23 of flexible connecting devices would be directed towards the gas distribution unit 3 ₁ .

Theoretically, the energy charging time and each of the storage 1, _1, ..., 1 _n depends on the pressure and gas temperature in line 5 _1, ..., 5 _n directly and is the difference between the initial and final pressure determined allowable operating limit pressure storage vessels. The higher the upper limit, the greater the amount of gas (in norm cubes) that can be stored in storage. The higher the inlet pressure allowed by the crankcase cavity 79, the lower the energy consumption

compression. The operator, taking the bracket 22 in the direction of the node 3 ₁ , thereby moving the lugs 24 located at the end of the bracket 22 to the specified node 3 ₁ , and includes it. After applying voltage to the node 3 ₁ from the switchboard 192, the operator inserts the pins of the tips 24 into the mating slots 25. Then, with the help of the jacks 18, the car platform 14 is lowered to the stop of the conductive strip 20 with the foundation 17 ₁ and the car platform 14 is fixed. The jack 18 presses the frame 11 s fixed on it with a motor compressor 10 to the foundation 17 ₁ . A jack 18 of the frame 11 raises the car platform 14 with a force that can suspend the chassis of the chassis 13, unloading it from the vibrational overload of the second derivative that occurs when any compressor unit is operating. The force of the jack 18 supplements the force from the mass of the chassis 13. The conductive copper gasket 20 of each shoe 19, compressed by the masses of the compressor unit 10 and the chassis 13, closes the external ground loop, forms a double ground loop of both electrical leaks and overloads from the pulse flow mechanical vibratory displacements (F. Herman, J. Schmid, Journal of Physics Abroad, Series B, Sat., Moscow, MIR Publishing House, 1986, p. 32). This guarantees not only a reliable fixation, but also a reliable grounding of the supporting structures of the compressor unit 9 with the grounding circuit 21 in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules - 2000. To maintain the contact surface and keep it clean, the foundation 17 _{1 is} made, for example, in the form of a massive lattice electrically conductive material (cast iron) and contains a ground loop 21, laid in compacted soil, concreted flush with the coating of the roadway, so the grille does not interfere with the passage of vehicles but, for example, for refueling.

When placing the frame 44 (figure 5) with the compressor unit 42 on the railway platform 45, the latter is fixed on the track 46 using a group of jacks 49, the shoe 50 rests against the rail 46 and is pressed into it by the force of the jack 49 under the weight of the platform 45. For not to

damage the rail 46, on the bottom of the shoe 50 have a gasket 51.

The second most important after fixing the platform 14 on the foundation 17 ₁ (or the railway platform 45 on the rail 46) is the operation of connecting the network 23 (53) of connecting devices in the form of flexible hoses on the bracket 22 (or on the jib crane 54) to the gas distribution node 3 ₁ (48 ₁ ). The tip 24 in the form of a pin, the operator inserts into the socket 25, which is made in the housing of the rotary valve 182 (Fig.19), then opens it by turning with the handle 174 around the axis 183, mounted on the plate 184 of the node 3 ₁ (48 ₁ ). On the plate 184 at the installation site of the crane 182 after it is fully opened, a magnetic mark 181 is placed, which is a permanent magnet, under the influence of the magnetic field of which the reed switch 180 is activated, supplying a signal through the connector 177 to the power supply and control unit 29. Compressor unit 9 (42) will be turned on only after the successive operation of all reed switches 180, and when any of the valves 182 is closed, the corresponding reed switch 180 will open the connector circuit 177 and turn off the compressor unit 9 (42). Secondly, the reed switch 180 will give a signal to break the power circuit of the coil of the electro-pneumatic valve 176, and, therefore, to disconnect the pin tip of the tip 24 from the installation, connecting the cavity of the pin with the suction line 179, which in this case is the drainage line. There will be no gas under pressure in the hose. After depressurization from the pin, the latter freely leaves the socket 25. To freely rotate the valve 182 around its axis 183, another flexible hose 185 is installed on the second end of the valve 182.

After docking by turning the valve 182, the gas distribution unit 3 ₁ (48 ₁ ) is connected to the branch 4 _{1 of the} gas line 5 ₁ , and the low pressure gas enters the suction line 179, in which the pressure sensor 191 is installed. The sensor 191 generates a signal that carries information about the pressure difference of the gas line 5 ₁ and the consumer - a vehicle 7 ₁ (or locomotive 40). According to this signal from block 29, a supply voltage is supplied to the corresponding electro-pneumatic valve, for example

the electro-pneumatic valve 61 ₁ , block 56 (Fig. 7) controls the number of steps, the channels 62-64 of which are located in the gas channels 65 in the form of a binary state trinity: channel 63 is “normally closed”, and channels 62 and 64 are “normally open”. The electro-pneumatic valve 61 ₁ commutates the gas circuit in one, two or N stages, while the pressure difference between the suction and discharge of any of the compression chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n does not exceed the predetermined interval of the current signal detected in the block 29 from the sensor pressure. The specified interval is limited to 0-0.45 MPa (0-4.8 kg / cm ² ), while the lower value corresponds to the smallest specified number N of steps, for example, one, in the initial state, and at the highest value, block 29 gives a command to reconstruction of the circuit with the number of steps equal to N + 1. In the initial state: with one "normally closed" channel (channel 63) and two "normally open" - (channels 62 and 64) a circuit is formed in one step, and with a sequential supply of an electrical signal to each group of channels of electro-pneumatic valves 61 _1, .. ., 61n transfers the state of the circuit to the N + 1 stage. The circuit address "n" of each trinity of channels can be selected in accordance with the refueling program depending on the volume of compression chambers 57 ₁ , ...,. 57 _n . The presence of critical pressure gas at any stage causes a restructuring of the circuit in accordance with a pre-compiled program laid down in the sequence of connecting the pipelines of the gas channels 65, which reduces the risk of gas under pressure at the wrong circuit address to almost zero. If there is voltage on the electro-pneumatic valve coils, the circuit of block 56 is reconstructed, when voltage is removed, the circuit returns to its original state, i.e. in one step. Automatic zeroing is carried out.

At pressures in the main network from 2.5 to 7.5 MPa, it is advisable to use the number of stages, starting with two. Since each compression chamber 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n contains a suction and discharge valves 58 ₁ and 59 ₁ , the gas of the high pressure stages cannot enter the chamber of the low pressure stage. The study of the current prototype showed that during the entire period of differential refueling, with

with each step of the deployment of the circuit of block 56 in the direction of increasing the number of stages, the friction in the machine grows in proportion to the increase in pressure in the storage 1 ₁ (47 ₁ ). That is, when subtracting the efficiency of each stage provided by the circuit of block 56, the total total friction losses, as well as the average noise level, are reduced compared to a compressor machine with a stationary number of stages. This is especially noticeable for multistage machines of high and ultrahigh final pressure of 100 MPa or more, in which the number of steps reaches six or more. Zeroing the dual protection chamber 571 can be used for high inlet pressure. Switching the number of stages is accompanied by significant dynamic pulses on the drive and shaft 65.

In addition to kinematic overloads from the reciprocating movement of the pistons of the cylinder-piston group 81 (Fig. 9) on the shaft 82 of the compressor 10 (43), loads from the compressed and heated gas at the end of the piston stroke, the temperature of the unsteady field inside the stream can reach 400 ° K, are affected. Condensation in the valves 58 and 59 of the cylinder causes instability in the valve. To eliminate sticking behind each pressure valve 59 ₁ , a narrowed section 114 is placed, which inside the heat exchanger 35 passes into a branching of channels 77 (Fig. 8), one of which is able to return the gas flow to the suction valve 58 _{1 of the} stage N + 1,

The mechanism 81 (Fig. 11) of the movement forms kinematic relationships of smooth movement with a shortened and calm stroke.

To suppress dynamic pulses, in addition to the C-shaped through groove 99, annular grooves 100 are made on the ends of the rim 93 above the groove 99, in which balls 101 are placed, fenced by a pair of disks 102, on the peripheral side of at least one of which contains a massive load 103, which serves as an adjustable counterweight capable of moving inside the disk 102 along the radius. Balls 101 are freely positioned in the grooves 100 with the possibility of movement between the discs 102, each of which is able to rotate together with the shaft 82, while the groove 100 with the balls 101 of the clutch 92 performs a complex translational

movement due to the fact that the clutch 92 is worn on the shaft 82 with an eccentricity e. It should be noted that if the piston 105 connected to the spoke 94 performs a reciprocating motion in the form of sinusoidal harmonic oscillations defined by the spoke 94 of the main connecting rod and the eccentricity e , then the oscillations of the pistons of the cylinder-piston group 88 connected to the levers 97 occur with a delay near the upper and lower dead points, the time of which depends on the size ratios of the elements of the mechanism 81. This delay of the oscillations of the piston allows chit shock loads on the shaft 82 and valves. The group of levers 97, placed on the elastic part of the rim 93 formed by the groove 99, is fixed with the help of fingers 98, which are protected by the disks 102 from spontaneously falling out during operation, when the levers 97 swing around the center of the fingers 99. For the convenience of replacing the fingers 98 as they are used at the end of one of the disks 102 there may be a technological hole with a plug 104. In addition, after disengaging with the pin 98, it is convenient for servicing and replacing parts to remove any assembly of the cylinder-piston group 88 as a separate assembly. Without complete disassembly, it is also possible to remove the main cylinder assembly with a spoke 94 for maintenance, which is equipped with a pair of conical fingers 95 for this purpose. This design solution allows the use of an all-welded, one-piece crankcase 79, to reduce the overall dimensions of the compressor, and dramatically, by tens of times, increase the permissible internal pressure in the housing. It should be emphasized that the ability to quickly remove the components of the cylinder-piston group 88 allows for the technological operation of hydraulic molding of the durable casing 84, which allows you to connect the specified casing to the high-pressure line and to the intake manifold 60 of the group of chambers 57 of the first stage from another. Due to this, not only annular gas leaks and heat of the motor are removed from the inside, but also by including an additional heat exchanger of the heat pump 36 in front of the suction manifold 60, the capacity and power consumption are continuously adjusted, cooling the gas received from the motor to the desired temperature with the heat pump 36.

Hermetic motor compressor 10, in which the compression ratio and gas temperature at the intake manifold 60 of stage N allows coarse stepwise and smooth thermal adjustment, allows you to expand the range of permissible suction pressures to a value of from 0.1 to 8 MPa. This suction interval was not available for systems with reciprocating compressors previously known. Usually, even with a small change in the interval and suction conditions, a radical alteration or modernization of the compressor with the replacement of the cylinder-piston group and a new balancing was required. One of the main parameters affecting operational characteristics is noise and vibration, which are very strictly regulated in the residential area. Structurally, the harmonic amplitudes of the vibrations of noise and vibration are determined by the geometry of the movement mechanism 81 and the possibility of its balancing, as well as by the type of valves and the design of the plant communications. Physically, the magnitude of the sound pressure and vibration amplitude of the foundation 17 (or rail track 46) depends on performance, final and initial pressures, optimization of the number of steps, the frequency of sound vibrations and the state of the ambient air through which sound waves propagate. Moreover, it is known that the higher the frequency, the higher the sound absorption coefficient in air (see, for example, GOST 12.2.016.4-91). Based on the totality of these data, a kinematic diagram of the odd-ray symmetry of the movement mechanism 81 was selected, which, thanks to the presence of a groove 99 of the clutch 92, allows balancing at a speed of up to 100 rpm, having at least a pair of compression chambers 57 on each beam and the design of communications containing adjustable branching inside the built-in heat exchanger 35 in the form of branches of channels 77. To increase the reliability of gas connections, branches of channels 77 are made inside a massive plate of a pneumatic board 75, on which are mounted and fixed It is cantilevered in accordance with the tightness standards of the gates of TVELs 67, immersed in a heat-removing agent - antifreeze, which additionally absorbs high-frequency sound vibrations from TVELs 67 with compression chambers 57.

The vibration of the fuel rods 67, caused by the flow of hot gas of the compression compression chambers 57, mounted on a pneumatic board 75 cantilever and immersed in antifreeze, is also used to improve heat removal by almost 60%, and also as a natural mechanical descaler. As a result of the application of the indicated design features of the heat exchanger 35, the mechanism 81 and the clutch 92, the vibration load on the foundation 17 (or rail track 46) is reduced to zero (within the sensitivity of standard control devices), and the noise is reduced to 67 dB. The tightness of the installation of fuel rods 67 on a pneumatic circuit board 75 to a pressure of 20 MPa is provided by mechanical seals 72 in the form of rings (Fig. 8), and the connection guaranteeing tightness at a pressure of more than 20 MPa is provided by a diaphragm 69 made in the form of a ball with an opening 70, while the cross section the channel of the fuel rod 67 is controlled by changing the position of the hole 70 of the diaphragm 69 when the ball rotates, dividing the gas flow by the type of diaphragm of the separation refueling column. The channels before and after the diaphragm 69 are connected to a differential pressure gauge or a pair of pressure sensors, the output signals of which are sent to the number of steps control unit 56, while the difference of these signals carries information about the restructuring of the circuit. A high oscillation frequency is ensured by placing ten chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 ₁₀ on the five beams of kinematic links 94, 97. These ten chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _{10 are} formed by five cylinders of the piston-cylinder group 87, while the chambers can be connected by means of an intake manifold 60 to a crankcase 79, which is cooled by gas. Five “k” compression chambers reserve a flow-forming volume that defines the performance of the entire installation, and the remaining five chambers in total form an interstage volume, inside which compression stages are distributed, the number of which: n = kk where K is the total number of compression chambers. Operational separation of the compression chambers 57 ₁ , ..., 57 _n by means of electro-pneumatic valves 61 ₁ , ..., 61 _{n of} block 56 into chambers specifying volumetric power and chambers specifying final pressure allows the compressor unit 9 to be expanded to a value from 0.1 to 8.0 MPa by the regulation interval for suction pressure and 19.6-28.0 MPa in

discharge pressure.

The valves belong to the most critical components of the compressor and must meet the following requirements: the density of the sealing edge in the closed state; timeliness of opening and closing; low resistance to gas movement; wear resistance and durability; structurally minimized amount of dead space. The present invention proposes to use the design of the axial chordate valve 133 (Fig. 16) with the arrangement of channels 137, 138 and 147 on the end surfaces along the chord of the plates 136 and the cylinder 134, respectively, due to which the gas movement helps to open or close the sealing edges 140, 141 and 149 respectively. For this, the channels 137 of the greatest length are formed on the end surfaces of the plates 136 facing the elastic plates 135, sandwiched between the plates 136 and the cylinder 134, and the channels 138 are shorter lengths on the opposite end surfaces, i.e., are removed from the plates 135.

Each of the ring-shaped plates 135 contains two pairs of through-cuts 144 and tongues, limited along the length, 145, respectively, bevels 148 and through channels 147 of the valve 133, limited by sealing edges, in the form of a pair of arcs whose center is close to coinciding with the central axis of the cylinder 134 A sealing edge 140 is formed on the inner arc, 149 on the outer arc.

The bevels 142, 143 and 148, made respectively in the plates 136 and the cylinder 134, are designed to limit the travel of the reeds 145 of the plates 135, which are formed between the slots 144 for alternately sealing and connecting the channels 137, 138,147 with the corresponding suction and discharge lines of the compressor unit 9 in this way so that the direction of gas flow coincides with the direction of the conical part 111 of each piston 105, and the bending direction of the tongues 145 coincides with the direction of travel of the piston 105. The gas flow alternately forms vortices like cyclone and anticyclone, which contribute to the alternate sealing of the cross labyrinth grooves 117 and 127 of the piston 105 and cylinder 134, for which the slots 144 are deviated from

chords and diameters in the direction of gas flow. Due to this, the gas flow deviates smoothly, the swirl flow rotates inside the chamber 57, following the piston 105 reciprocating, and not inside the valve 133. In addition, the gas flow controls the self-acting valve from the chamber 57. This has a beneficial effect on the dynamics of work valve 133, which reduces noise by 20 dB, and the resistance to gas flow is reduced at least two times in relation to the self-acting valve (GOST 13529-93).

It should be noted that the average frequency of noise from first-order harmonics for ten valves 133 is 1500 Hz, taking into account the number and shift of cylinders 134, the wave packet has an average frequency of 15000 Hz, which, according to GOST 12.2.016.4-91, gives the highest sound absorption coefficient in air for 0 ° С and humidity 50%, exceeding the value of 12 × 10 ^-2 dB / m.

The assembly of the valve 133 shown in FIG. 16 differs in physics from the standard direct-flow valve in that it has a more complex wave packet of natural vibrations of the plates 135. This is also ensured by the shape and arrangement of the sealing lips 140.149 in the form of an arc and different lengths of the chord channels 137, 138 and 147 On the curved sealing lips 140, 149, two half-waves of oscillations are placed, while on the straight edge of the standard axial valve there is only one. The increased natural vibration frequency allows increasing the shaft rotation speed 82 to a frequency of 100 Hz, which sharply increases the volumetric power of the piston motor compressor 10 (43) and the compressor unit 9 (42) as a whole. It should also be recalled that the above-mentioned type of axial self-acting valve (GOST 13529-93, Minsk) has the ability to work only up to a shaft rotation frequency of not more than 25 Hz (25 s ^-1 , 1500 rpm.).

It is noticed that with free blowing, valve 133, like valves of a different type, emits a characteristic sound. This sound is unique to each valve. Compressing the elastic coating 146, change the stiffness and

the reactive moment of plate closure 135, obtaining the necessary reduction in the phase of the wave of natural vibrations of the tongue 145 of the valve 133. The frequency of free vibrations arising from the compression of the packet of plates 135 and 136 is controlled using a piezoelectric transducer according to the indications of a loop oscilloscope. The control frequency, which guarantees the timely opening and closing of valve 133, can be calculated according to the method described in book 3. B. Kantorovich "Fundamentals of the calculation of chemical machines and apparatus", Mashgiz, 1946, pp. 262-270. The low resistance to gas flow and the accuracy of tuning of the valve 133 allows you to apply a more advanced, from the point of view of friction and wear, the aerodynamic seal of the cylinder-piston group 88.

The operation of the aerodynamic seal can be ensured only with strict alignment of the piston and the cylinder of the piston-cylinder group 88. For complete control of leaks on each differential piston 105 (Fig. 13) from the side of the shaft 82 and valves, a pair of support sleeves 106 and 112 of antifriction material are fixed. The sleeve 106 is fixed with the possibility of movement along the generatrix of the cylinder 119 and rotation relative to the axis of the piston 105. The alignment of the piston 105 and the lever 97 in the ram cylinder 119 is provided by the rod 110, and the alignment of the cylinder 119 with the clamps 121 and 122. The piston 105 in the form of a spindle with the rod 110 is provided aerodynamic seal, which is a labyrinth grooves 117 and 118 in the form of multi-thread helical thread, the winding of which has, for example, the left direction. The grooves 117 and 118 are associated with labyrinth grooves 120 on the inner surface of the cylinder 119, the directions of which are opposite to the direction of winding of the grooves 117 and 118 and which have, for example, the right direction of thread winding with a clearance in the form of a landing fit along the vertices. With the movement of the piston 105, the vertices of the grooves 117 and 118 move inside the hollows of the grooves 120 of the cylinder 119. During the movement of the piston 105, vortices are formed in nodes A in the form of stable solitons from oncoming leaks, capable of more efficient (at least twice) sealing the compression chamber 57 between piston

105 and valve 133. The length of the spiral grooves 117 and 118 is always greater than the length of the pair of annular grooves of the Sulzer Burkhard piston, the vortices formed by the spiral grooves 117 and 118 have a power four times greater on the turbulence scale in the Taylor-Kafarov model (V.V. Kafarov "Fundamentals of mass transfer", GIZ Higher School, Moscow, 1962, p. 153-59) has the form of a closed mesh tube located between the piston 105 and cylinder 119, elastically stretched along the entire length of the generatrix of the piston 105 (Fig.14) . It should be noted that aerodynamic vortices from leaks, used as sealing lattice-type solitons, are effective just at a high rotational speed of the shaft 82 and do not show appreciable resistance when starting the piston motor compressor 10 (43).

The division of the piston and piston group 88 into functional elements into a guide group, which includes the cylinder 119, supporting sleeves 106 and 112, the rod 110, the conical part 111 of the piston 105, and the sealing group formed by the labyrinth grooves 117,118 and 120 allows a radical improvement of the elements of the piston and cylinder group 88 overall. For example, use a perfect pair of sliding friction: titanium (bushings 106 and 112, rod 110) - ceramics (cylinder 119). The rod 110 passes through the hot chamber 115, which is sealed by a lid 116 in the form of a hollow cap and is connected to the crankcase 79 through the channel 113 inside the rod 110 with a narrowed section 114 for throttling gas from the hot chamber 115. This helps to solve the so-called “hot start” problem .

The cylinder piston group 88 and axial chord valve 133 are designed as a single unit of heat and mass transfer, taking into account the Taylor-Kafarov model. So, according to this model, when the vortices approach each other in nodes A rotating in mutually opposite directions, they mutually attract and merge. This fact allows us to build a continuous mathematical model for the analytical determination of the aerodynamic characteristics of the assembly as a whole and to obtain reliable and simple calculation formulas required for engineering practice: for example,

calculate the optimum wall thickness of the piston 105 or determine the limit value of the pressure difference between the chambers. The proposed gas supply system for vehicles is built taking into account the multiplication of positive technical effects that accompany the controlled process of heat and mass transfer and gas compression. This makes it possible to reduce the specific energy consumption per norm cubic of compressed gas from 400 to 280 W, while for the prototype this value exceeds 480 W. Noise is reduced to 65 dB, while the prototype exceeds the threshold of 85 dB at the beginning of refueling and reaches 95 dB at the end. The compressor unit service life from repair to repair has been increased to 5 years instead of 11 months for pistons with rings in accordance with GOST 9515-81. There is one more characteristic feature that distinguishes the presented motor compressor from the known ones: usually, with increasing back pressure in the storage, during refueling, the noise during compressor operation increases, in this compressor, noise during refueling of the storage, on the contrary, gradually decreases from 75 to 65 dB.

In the gas supply system of vehicles, according to the invention, it is proposed to use means of built-in fire extinguishing: sprinkler heads 172 (Fig. 18) are included in line 159 of the heat pump evaporator 36 (Fig. 17). Pump 36, operating continuously in a gas cooling circuit, not only cools the gas in accordance with safety standards and concentrates heat in the evaporator for secondary use in the Stirling cycle, but also maintains the integrated fire extinguishing system 162 in constant readiness to extinguish the fire. For timely operation, the system 162 is equipped with a temperature sensor 173 that controls the electro-pneumatic valve 161 in line 159, as well as an additional tank 171 filled with flame-suppressing liquid, such as antifreeze. Temperature and pressure sensors are distributed along the gas channels 65 of the entire system and monitor compliance with safe compression standards for explosive and harmful gases. In the event of a deviation from the norm, any of the sensors gives a command to turn off the mobile gas and gas compressor station. If after

for a certain time, the sensor 173 does not return to its original state, that is, the heating continues, the fire extinguishing system relay of the power supply unit 29 gives the command to operate the electro-pneumatic valve 161 and it includes a fire extinguishing system 162 spraying hot water or antifreeze of the built-in heat exchanger 35 with sprinkler heads 172. Line 159 evaporator plays, in this case, the role of the pressure vessel. Thus, an expensive technological system is ready to contribute to the elimination of a fire at an early stage of its formation.

In the event of a leak in the stationary seals in the cavities of the frame 11 (44) (FIGS. 2 and 5) and the designs of the autoplatform 14 (or railway platform 45), accumulation of fire and explosive mixtures is possible. To eliminate this, there is a group of windows 33 in the walls and belts of the frame 11 (44), the arrangement of which provides natural ventilation of the cavities of the frame 11 between the belts and the walls. The compressor 10 (43) with the built-in block 56 and the heat exchanger 35 is reinforced with a gun carriage 90, mounted on a vibration mount 37 for additional unloading of the frame 3 on the jacks 18 (49). The carrying capacity of the chassis 13 is designed to lift its mass with all its contents. During operation, the wheels of the platform platform 14 with the compressor unit 9 are raised. Derivatives of higher-order vibration displacements in the form of a stream of internal vibration pulses through closed circuits of the housing 84, frame 11, vibration mounts 37 and jack 18 are earthed to the foundation 17, freeing the chassis wheel pairs from destructive stresses 13. The direction of the pulse flux determined through the symmetric density tensor flow, coincides with the direction of the gravity field and flows along the path of least resistance for a pulse flow of variable value, for which the minimum resistance is redelyaetsya closed loop of a pair of sections, including the frame 11c windows 33 (Collection of articles "Physics abroad", Series B, Moscow, "Mir", 1986, p. 36-50).

At the end of the work, the jack 18 with the gasket 20 is lifted, the platform 14 is put on wheels until a clearance is formed above the road in the form of clearance. Then fix with pins the frame 11 and the bracket

22. The supply of electrical energy is turned off. Block circuit 56 is initialized. Due to the increased power, the volumes of the compression chamber 57 are reduced and easily discharged through the labyrinth grooves 117 and 118 of the stationary piston 105; housing 84 into the gas line 5, and housing 84 can be used as a gas holder. After the chambers of compression 57 are discharged, the platform 14 with the compressor unit 9 is ready for safe transportation to a new workplace, that is, to connect to another, significantly remote gas pipeline 5 _n district or city. The 5 _{n line} is capable of containing gas under a different pressure on ex-condition - the interface between the gas supplier and buyer networks.

Corresponding storage 1 ₁ , ..., 1 _n (47 ₁ , ..., 47 _n ) or vehicles 7 ₁ , ..., 7 _n (40), gas distribution units 3 ₁ , ..., 3 _n ( 48 ₁ , ..., 48 _n ), which are connected by a mobile gas-pumping compressor station to a common system for filling consumers with compressed natural gas using a network of 23 flexible connecting devices on the bracket 22, it allows to overcome the actual crisis situation in the field of vehicle refueling systems ecologically pure compressed natural gas, which, according to tradition, is compressed at the places of sale and, at stationary stations, which leads to unjustified investments throughout the network of main gas pipelines.

An additional advantage of the system is the easy organization of routine maintenance in specialized factory conditions. The system with a mobile auto-gas injection compressor station 15 can also be used as a mobile auxiliary installation necessary to increase the level of sales and sales of compressed gas, which is necessary during the annual routine maintenance carried out at the AGNKS-500 stationary automobile gas filling stations when refueling from its installation is not possible. In addition, MAGZ 15 can also be used as a complementary system to CNG filling stations - 500 in case of unexpected

a sharp increase in demand for compressed gas in the area or for any other reasons. It should also be noted that too cold gas from storages 17 (47), for example in winter, should not be supplied to the gas-balloon equipment 8 (41) of vehicle 7 (40) to the maximum pressure (19.6 MPa) without preheating to standard temperature, because the cold gas in the cylinder can heat up in a warm place, such as a garage, and destroy the cylinder. At gas stations, there are special tables that correlate the pressure and temperature of the gas when refueling. The hot antifreeze line 165 used by the MAGZ 15 for heating the gas of the storage 17 to a standard temperature, allows to reduce the seasonal temperature variation of the gas sold, and thereby reduce the likelihood of a possible error.

Claims (13)

1. A gas supply system for vehicles comprising a compressor unit mounted on a mobile platform, a group of compressed natural gas storages, each of which is located in the immediate vicinity of the gas main and is equipped with a gas distribution unit, a gas purification, cooling unit, and gas supply channels to vehicles with connecting devices, characterized in that the compressor unit is located on the chassis of a movable car platform and is configured to be connected to a gas distribution to the filling unit of each of the compressed natural gas storages located at a considerable distance from each other with the formation of a refueling complex in the territory covering at least one urban or rural area containing at least one branch of a gas main with different gas pressure, the compressor of the installation is made in the form of a piston multistage motor compressor equipped with a number of stages control unit, which has a plurality of compression chambers grouped in stages, the number of which n corresponds to the number of pressure intervals in the branches of the gas lines of the indicated refueling complex, while the gas purification and cooling unit is made in the form of connected multichannel switched heat exchanger and heat pump, and the number of heat exchanger channels corresponds to the number of compression chambers of the control unit by the number of stages and a diaphragm is installed in each channel. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each compression chamber is connected to the next one by means of an electrically controlled pneumatic valve containing three switching channels located in the gas channels, while the two switching channels in the initial state are normally open, and the third channel is normally closed . 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the control unit for the number of steps contains ten compression chambers, while the number of steps is from 1 to N, where n = K-k, where K is the total number of chambers, and k is the number of groups compression chambers of the first base stage, which sets the volumetric power (productivity) of the installation. 4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each gas distribution unit contains a network of flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, each of which is equipped with a rotary valve with a socket in its body, which is fixed with its axis on the plate of the node with the possibility of opening or closing the hose. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a bracket mounted on the chassis with the possibility of cantilevered extension beyond the platform and carrying a network of flexible connecting devices in the form of hoses, each of which has a tip in the form of a pin for placement in the return valve seat of the rotary valve. 6. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip is inserted into the handle, which houses an electro-pneumatic valve controlled by a reed switch, interacting with a magnetic mark, which is mounted on a plate of a gas distribution unit. 7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor drive is made in the form of a movement mechanism containing a clutch mounted with an eccentricity on the motor shaft and made in the form of an elastic wheel with a spoke, on the rim of which kinematic links are pivotally fixed, while the spoke and kinematic links are connected with the pistons of the cylinder-piston group forming the compression chambers of the control unit by the number of stages. 8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each cylinder of the piston-cylinder group is made two-section with an inner surface that repeats the shape of the outer surface of the piston, while on the inner surface of the cylinder and the outer surface of each section of the piston there are labyrinth grooves, the winding directions of which are opposite. 9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each compression chamber contains a suction valve and a discharge valve in the form of an axial chord valve containing a cylinder with plates on both sides of it and elastic plates with seals in the form of an elastic coating in the form of a closed loop, sandwiched between the cylinder and said plates. 10. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that each cylinder of the cylinder-piston group is surrounded by two clamps, on the inner surface of one of which there are two recesses with a seal located near each axial chordic valve and designed to connect the gas channel to the intake manifold, Each clamp is equipped with a locking ring for fixing the cylinder. 11. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that labyrinth grooves are made on opposite surfaces of the piston and cylinder, the winding directions of which are opposite. 12. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the spoke is mounted on the rim of the clutch wheel by means of a detachable connection formed by a pair of conical fingers placed relative to each other orthogonally. 13. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressor is enclosed in a sealed enclosure capable of withstanding the increased pressure of the gas line and communicated with the gas line on the one hand and the intake manifold of the cylinders on the other.