RU44191U1 - DEVICE FOR READING MAPPOINT INFORMATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of automation and computer technology, in particular, to devices for reading graphic information from encoded cards and can be used to automatically read information about the terrain with the aim of subsequent creation of reconnaissance maps of natural disaster areas. A device for reading cartographic information containing a height recovery unit, which includes first and second amplitude signal selectors, first and second memory blocks, the first inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors, a synchronizer, the second output of which is connected to the second inputs the first and second memory blocks, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth shift registers, the first inputs of which are connected to the third output of the synchronizer, the second input the first shift register is connected to the output of the first memory block, the second input of the fourth shift register is connected to the output of the second memory block, the first output of the first shift register is connected to the second input of the second shift register, and its first output is to the second input of the third shift register, the first output of the fourth the shift register is connected to the second input of the fifth shift register, and its first output is connected to the second input of the sixth shift register, the first trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first shift register, and the second stroke - with the second output of the fourth shift register, the second trigger, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the third shift register, and the second input - with the first output of the sixth shift register, the third trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second the input is with the second output of the fifth shift register, the first element And, the first input of which is connected to the second by the output of the second shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the second element And, the first input of which is connected to the second the fifth shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the first decoder, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the first trigger, and the third input - with the first output of the second trigger, the second decoder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first trigger, the second input is with the second output of the third trigger, and the third input is with the second output of the second trigger, the third memory block, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second decoders, the third and fourth input s - respectively, with the outputs of the first and second elements And, characterized in that it additionally contains a source data input unit, a control unit, the third, fourth and fifth inputs of which are connected respectively to the third, fourth and second outputs of the source data input unit,

analysis unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and fourth outputs of the control unit, the third and fourth inputs - with the seventh and first outputs of the input data input unit, and the third output is connected to the second input of the control unit, the scanning unit, the first and second inputs which is connected to the first and third outputs of the analysis unit, a rotation unit, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the analysis unit, the second input to the second output of the scan unit, and the output to the fourth input of the scan unit; a block for forming invisibility fields, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the height recovery unit, the fourth, fifth and ninth inputs - to the corresponding outputs of the input data input unit, the sixth, seventh and eighth inputs - respectively, with the fifth, fourth and second outputs analysis unit, the tenth and eleventh inputs are with the second and third outputs of the control unit, the twelfth input is with the third output of the analysis unit, and the second output is connected to the fifth input of the analysis unit, the first output of the scan unit The unit is connected to the input of the height recovery unit, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the scanning unit and the first input of the control unit; arithmetic-logical device, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the block forming the invisibility fields, and the second input is supplied with the value of the number of observation points m; the fourth memory block, the input of which is connected to the output of the arithmetic-logical device, and the output, which is the output of the entire device, is connected to the third input of the arithmetic-logical device.

Description

Cartographic Information Reader

The invention relates to the field of automation and computer technology, in particular, to devices for reading graphic information from encoded cards and can be used to automatically read information about the terrain with the aim of subsequent creation of reconnaissance maps of natural disaster areas.

Known devices for reading graphical information from coded cards (AS USSR No. 323940 from 1.03.91, AS USSR No. 330932 from 1.10.91, AS USSR No. 286365 from 1987, USSR AS No. 331391 dated October 1, 91).

Closest to the described technical solution is a device (USSR AS No. 286365, class C. G 06 K 11/10, 1987 - prototype), containing the first and second amplitude signal selectors, the first and second memory blocks, the first the inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors, a synchronizer, the second output of which is connected to the second inputs of the first and second memory blocks, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth shift registers, the first inputs of which are connected to the third output of the synchronizer, second the first input of the first shift register is connected to the output of the first memory block, the second input of the fourth shift register is connected to the output of the second memory block, the first output of the first shift register is connected to the second input of the second shift register, and its first output is connected to the second input of the third shift register, the first the output of the fourth shift register is connected to the second input of the fifth shift register, and its first output is connected to the second input of the sixth shift register, the first trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first shift register a, and the second input - with the second output of the fourth shift register, the second trigger, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the third shift register, and the second input - with the first output of the sixth shift register, the third trigger, the first output of which is connected to

the second output of the second shift register, and the second input with the second output of the fifth shift register, the first element And, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the second element And, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the fifth shift register, and the second input with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the first decoder, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the first trigger, the second input with the first output of the third trigger, and the third input with the first output the second trigger, the second decoder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first trigger, the second input - with the second output of the third trigger and the third input - with the second output of the second trigger, the third memory block, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second decoders, the third and fourth inputs, respectively, with the outputs of the first and second elements I.

The disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of solving specific problems, in particular, assessing visibility conditions.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the device for reading cartographic information.

This goal is achieved in that in a device containing a height recovery unit, which includes first and second amplitude signal selectors, first and second memory blocks, the first inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors, a synchronizer, the second output of which is connected with second inputs of the first and second memory blocks, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth shift registers, the first inputs of which are connected to the third output of the synchronizer, the second input of the first the shift register is connected to the output of the first memory block, the second input of the fourth shift register is connected to the output of the second memory block, the first output of the first shift register is connected to the second input of the second shift register, and its first output is connected to the second input of the third shift register, the first output of the fourth register the shift is connected to the second input of the fifth shift register, and its first output is to the second input of the sixth shift register, the first trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first shift register, and the second input - with the second output of the fourth shift register, the second trigger, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the third shift register, and the second input - with the first output of the sixth shift register, the third trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second input - with the second output of the fifth shift register, the first element And, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the second element And, the first input of which is connected to the second output m of the fifth shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the first decoder, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the first trigger, and the third input - with the first output of the second trigger, the second decoder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first trigger, second entrance - with the second

the output of the third trigger, and the third input with the second output of the second trigger, the third memory block, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively with the outputs of the first and second decoders, the third and fourth inputs are respectively with the outputs of the first and second elements And, additionally introduced

an input data input unit, a control unit, the third, fourth and fifth inputs of which are connected respectively to the third, fourth and second outputs of the input data input unit,

an analysis unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the first and fourth outputs of the control unit, the third and fourth inputs - with the seventh and first outputs of the input data input unit, and the third output is connected to the second input of the control unit,

a scanning unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the first and third outputs of the analysis unit,

a rotation unit, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the analysis unit, the second input to the second output of the scan unit, and the output to the fourth input of the scan unit,

a block for forming invisibility fields, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the height recovery unit, the fourth, fifth and ninth inputs - to the corresponding outputs of the input data input unit, the sixth, seventh and eighth inputs - respectively, with the fifth, fourth and second outputs analysis unit, the tenth and eleventh inputs are with the second and third outputs of the control unit, the twelfth input is with the third output of the analysis unit, and the second output is connected to the fifth input of the analysis unit, the first output of the scan unit The unit is connected to the input of the height recovery unit, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the scanning unit and the first input of the control unit,

arithmetic-logical device, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the block forming the invisibility fields, and the second input is the value of the number of observation points M,

the fourth memory block, the input of which is connected to the output of the arithmetic-logical device, and the output, which is the output of the entire device, is connected to the third input of the arithmetic-logical device.

Comparison with the prototype shows that the inventive device is characterized by the presence of new units and their connections between them. Thus, the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

Comparison of the proposed solution with other technical solutions shows that the listed elements used in the blocks are known, however, their introduction in this connection with other elements leads to the new task of creating a reconnaissance map of natural disaster areas. This confirms the conformity of the technical solution to the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows the general block diagram of the device, figure 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 - explanations for the problem to be solved, figure 8 shows the rotation unit with the scanning unit, figure 5, 9, 10 - separate blocks of the device, and in Fig.11

the height recovery unit, taken as a prototype, is presented.

The device includes: a source data input unit (BID) IV, a control unit (BU) I, an analysis unit (BA) II, an invisibility field generation unit (BFP) III, a height recovery unit (BVV) V, a scan unit VI, a rotation unit VII , arithmetic logic unit (ALU) VIII, memory block IX.

The device operates as follows.

In a given coordinate system XOY (Fig. 2), the coordinates of the digital terrain map (CCR) are determined with a given sampling step δ and coordinates of observation points from which the visibility conditions of a given area are determined.

This problem arises if it is necessary to a priori evaluate the reconnaissance of a given area, if other methods of analysis do not exist. For example, to evaluate areas with a strong radiation background in order to solve subsequent environmental problems.

In this case, the points are the projections of the heights from which the observation is made. Producing from every point radial-sector scan relative to CCR, we obtain a binary matrix of visibility conditions due to a given relief.

When solving this problem, the source data are terrain data presented in the form of CCR, as well as data on the flight altitude of the surveillance equipment and their distance from the analyzed area.

Representing the possible flight path of the observation means as a discrete finite set of points (1, 2, ..., M), with each of which observation is carried out, we consider the general solution to the problem of assessing visibility conditions.

Modeling the visibility conditions from each i-th observation point allows us to form a binary matrix

where TxT is the dimension of CCR.

Figure 3 shows how the invisible terrain is formed.

Then sections that are not visible from any observation point can be defined as the intersection of the sets A ⁱ that is

The union of the sets A ⁱ describes the potential areas of the analyzed area that are not visible from at least one observation point:

If we exclude from the set B _{2 the} set B ₁ , as a result, we can form the set

each element of which is characterized by a certain detection frequency, which when moving to a large number of observation points can be considered the probability of detection.

The introduced concepts allow us to evaluate each (k, l) -th elementary site (ES) from the point of view of its detection:

where Q _kl is the total number of points from which the (k, l) th EP is not detected;

P ⁰ _kl is the probability of detection within the (k, l) th EP, taking into account the characteristics of its underlying surface.

Thus, by calculating the probability of detection for each (k, l) th EP, it is possible to construct a matrix of detection probabilities covering the analyzed region. This is the ultimate goal of the proposed technical device.

On Fig presents a fragment of the encoded card and in the direction of the scan line shows how the invisibility fields are formed due to the relief.

The coded card used in the prototype is mounted on a turntable (Fig. 8), the coordinates of which are tied to the selected coordinate system. Thus, the encoded card can be rotated in the coordinate system to any given angle. This simulates the direction of observation from a given point. . Rotation is carried out through a gearbox, the output end of which is rigidly connected to a rotating platform, and the input shaft through a clutch with a stepper motor (ШД). In the direction of the ordinate, the traverse moves with the scanning unit fixed to it.

The scanning unit is a CCD matrix, the width of which is three matrix elements, and the length is 2R (Fig.6).

The assessment task is divided into two stages:

1. Modeling a sector scan with a given step Δf (figure 4).

2. Modeling invisibility fields for a given set of observation points.

At the first stage for specific observation points start angles are calculated and end sector scan as well as current

angle and intermediate angle with distance S ⁱ .

The calculations are made in the analysis block II (11) according to the formulas:

The value of the current angle φ _T ⁱ for a given observation point is supplied to the stepper motor of the rotation unit. In this case, the encoded card is rotated by a given angle parallel to the center line of the CCD of the matrix located on the traverse, and the traverse itself is shifted by Δ ⁱ .

Thus, the CCD matrix will be oriented in the direction of the line of observation.

At the second stage, information is scanned from the encoded map in order to obtain the heights of the contours that display this map, and a further assessment of the visibility conditions.

The operation of the block forming the invisibility fields (BFPN) III (Fig.9)

The definition of not visible sections in a given direction of observation is carried out by modeling (restoring the heights of the contours, which is done in the prototype) in real time and recording the coordinates of not visible linear sections relative to a given observation point. That is, the coordinates of the start point of the unviewable area (the top of the profile creating the shadow (Fig. 5)) and the end point of this unviewable area (the last point of the profile falling into the shadow area) are recorded.

6 shows ie a cross-section of the relief. For a given distance L ⁱ , the pitch of the elements of the CCD matrix (l ₀ ) and the height of the observation point H ₀ zenith angle f _j

where j is the current element number of the CCD matrix.

It can be seen from FIG. 7 that

The center of the CCD of the matrix is at the intersection of the direction of observation and the segment Δ ⁱ . Therefore, putting aside the value of R to the left and right of this point, we get that the first element of the CCD matrix is distant from the observation point (L ⁱ -R), and the last one is (L ⁱ + R).

In this case, the current coordinates of the point lying on the projection of the observation line, taking into account the element-wise construction of the CCD matrix, can be determined from the following expressions:

where j is the current element number of the CCD matrix .

We introduce the parameter I

which at λ = 1 indicates the intersection of the direction of observation with the binary matrix TxT (Fig.7).

Then the current values of the coordinates of the elements of this matrix can be defined as

where int is the integer part of the number.

Figure 9 presents the block formation of the invisibility fields (BFTN). When applying permission to the 2nd input of the BFNP, trigger 4 goes into a state that ensures the passage of clock pulses of the synchronizer from the first input through the I1 element to the input of the SCh2 counter, whose capacity is equal to K (the number of CCD matrix elements). The decryptor Dsh3 connected to the output of SCh2 generates number j at its output, which goes to one of the inputs of ALU8. ALU9 implements function (13). Its output (L ⁱ ) is loaded on one of the inputs of ALU8. Other inputs receive data on the current height h _j (input 3), on the observation height H ₀ (input 4) and parameter l ₀ (input 5).

At the output, the current value of the zenith angle φ _{j is formed} , which is determined by expression (12). This value is fed to the input of the shift register PC10, which consists of two cells. Thus, the contents of the register are delayed by one clock pulse. The outputs of PC10 and ALU8 go to the comparison unit BS11, where the comparison is made

zenith angles f _j and f _j-1 .

Wherein,

That is, if the zenith angle increases, this indicates that the site is visible. Once an invisibility zone is formed. At the same time, BS11 generates 1, which, on the one hand, is recorded in PC14 (the capacitance of the K-element register), and on the other hand, it switches Tr13 trigger to a state in which the passage of clock pulses from the And 12 element to the shift input PC10 is prohibited. Thereby, the contents of the output cell PC10 are stored until zero from the output of BS11 arrives at the inverse input Tr13. The delayed value of the zenith angle is compared with the incoming current values of f _j .

After K pulses, the SCh2 counter is reset to zero, translating trigger Tr4 to a state that ensures that clock pulses do not pass from output I1. Thus, the device is prepared for the analysis of the next direction of observation. Register PC14 is filled with information (17).

At the same time, trigger Tr7 switches to a state that ensures the passage of clock pulses through the I5 element to the input of the SCh6 counter and the shift input of the PC14 register. The capacity of the SCh6 counter is equal to K elements. The output of the SCh6 counter is connected to the input of the Дш23 decoder. The output of the decryptor Дш23 goes to one of the inputs of ALU15, 16, where, according to expressions (14), the values are calculated . In the comparison block BS19, the function (15) is calculated. When λ = 1, a command is received to record the information contained in the PC14 register into the memory block 22, the capacity of which is ТхТ elements. Information is recorded in the cells, the address of which is calculated in ALU17 and ALU18 and is formed in the block of the address. 21. After the K pulses of the clock generator, the SCh6 counter is reset. The trigger 7 switches to a state in which the clock pulses cease to come from the output of the I5 element.

Thus, in 2K pulses, the invisibility field forming unit provides an analysis of the visibility conditions and recording the calculation results in the memory unit 22.

The operation of the analysis unit P (11)

By input coordinates arriving at the 1st and 2nd inputs of the analysis unit, the function (11) is implemented in the comparison unit BS1 and then the selected coordinate values and coordinates of the observation point arrive at the inputs of ALU2 ... 5. In addition, one of the inputs of ALU3, 4 receives additional data on the parameter R from the input data input unit IV.

In ALU2 ... 5, calculations are performed according to the expressions (10), (6), (7) and

(5) respectively. In ALU6, according to the data received from the input data input unit IV and from the output of ALU5 (φ _H ⁱ ), the current value of the angle φ _T ^{i is} calculated. ALU6 implements function (8). In the comparison unit BS9, the angles φ _T ⁱ and φ _S ⁱ are compared and the comparison data is provided as a decisive function for implementing expression (9) in ALU8, i.e., calculating the parameter Δ ⁱ .

In the comparison unit BS7, the current angle φ _T ⁱ and the final sector-scan angle are compared, realizing the function

At this pulse, the scanning unit VI returns to its original state.

The operation of the control unit I (figure 10)

The 3 input of this block receives data on M observation points . They are written by parallel transfer to the shift register PC. Upon receipt of the “Start” command at the 5th input of block I, trigger Tr3 is transferred to a state that ensures the passage of a clock pulse from 1 input through element I1. In this case, the contents of the shift register PC will be shifted by one element and the coordinate data will appear at output 1 first observation point. At the same time, through the OR4 element, Tr3 switches by the issued signal, blocking access for the passage of the next clock pulse from input 1.

The next clock pulse from 1 input, and therefore the next coordinate value of the observation point, will come when a pulse τ appears at the second input of the control unit I, indicating that the sector scan from the given observation point has ended.

Counter Сч2, the capacity of which corresponds to the number of observation points M, counts the number of analyzed points and when this number coincides with M, it triggers Tr3 via element OR4 and prepares the entire device for receiving the following information about observation points.

Set of coded card coordinates arrives at the 4 input of block I and is written to the buffer memory block with parallel output of them to the 4 output of block I and the output of coordinates respectively, to outputs 2 and 3 of this block.

The operation of ALU VIII and memory block IX

Generated Binary Matrix Data dimension TxT (memory block 22 BFPN III) after each i-th observation point is fed to 1 input of ALU III, the second input of which is fed numerically

the value of the number of observation points M, on the third input is the data of the memory block IX. The capacity of this unit, as well as BP22 BFPN III, is ТхТ elements. ALU III performs element-by-element calculation of a function

Where: - matrix element recorded in memory block IX (for i = 1 = 0);

and _kl is the element of the binary matrix recorded in BP22 BFPN III.

And then, at the given address, the (k, l) -th element is recorded in memory block IX.

Thus, after analyzing the M observation points in the memory block 1, the probabilities of detection of the considered area are to be found from a given set of observation points.

Claims (1)

A device for reading cartographic information containing a height recovery unit, which includes first and second amplitude signal selectors, first and second memory blocks, the first inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second amplitude selectors, a synchronizer, the second output of which is connected to the second inputs the first and second memory blocks, the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth shift registers, the first inputs of which are connected to the third output of the synchronizer, the second input the first shift register is connected to the output of the first memory block, the second input of the fourth shift register is connected to the output of the second memory block, the first output of the first shift register is connected to the second input of the second shift register, and its first output is to the second input of the third shift register, the first output of the fourth the shift register is connected to the second input of the fifth shift register, and its first output is connected to the second input of the sixth shift register, the first trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first shift register, and the second stroke - with the second output of the fourth shift register, the second trigger, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the third shift register, and the second input - with the first output of the sixth shift register, the third trigger, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second the input is with the second output of the fifth shift register, the first element And, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the second shift register, and the second input is with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the second element And, the first input of which is connected to the second the output of the fifth shift register, and the second input - with the fourth output of the synchronizer, the first decoder, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the first trigger, and the third input - with the first output of the second trigger, the second decoder, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the first trigger, the second input is with the second output of the third trigger, and the third input is with the second output of the second trigger, the third memory block, the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively to the outputs of the first and second decoders, the third and fourth inputs dy - respectively, with the outputs of the first and second elements And, characterized in that it additionally includes a source data input unit, a control unit, the third, fourth and fifth inputs of which are connected respectively to the third, fourth and second outputs of the source data input unit, analysis unit , the first and second inputs of which are connected respectively with the first and fourth outputs of the control unit, the third and fourth inputs are with the seventh and first outputs of the input data input unit, and the third output is connected with the second input of the control unit a scan unit, the first and second inputs of which are connected to the first and third outputs of the analysis unit, a rotation unit, the first input of which is connected to the second output of the analysis unit, the second input to the second output of the scan unit, and the output to the fourth input of the scan unit, a block for the formation of invisibility fields, the first, second and third inputs of which are connected to the corresponding outputs of the altitude recovery unit, the fourth, fifth and ninth inputs - to the corresponding outputs of the input data input unit, sixth, seventh and the seventh inputs are, respectively, with the fifth, fourth and second outputs of the analysis unit, the tenth and eleventh inputs are with the second and third outputs of the control unit, the twelfth input is with the third output of the analysis unit, and the second output is connected to the fifth input of the analysis unit, the first output of the scan unit connected to the input of the height recovery unit, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the scanning unit and the first input of the control unit, an arithmetic-logical device, the first input of which is connected to the first output of the unit is formed the field of invisibility, and the second input receives the value of the number of observation points M, the fourth memory block, the input of which is connected to the output of the arithmetic-logical device, and the output, which is the output of the entire device, is connected to the third input of the arithmetic-logical device.