RU41014U1 - UNIT FOR PRODUCING BASAL FIBER FIBER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a means of producing non-woven fibrous material from various types of mineral fibers, namely, from a composition of basaltic thin basalt fiber (BFT) and basalt superthin fiber (BSTF) uniformly distributed among themselves throughout the volume. A unit for producing basalt fiber material is proposed, including a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a melt blasting system to produce basalt thin fibers, connected to a fiber deposition chamber equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, characterized in that the unit further comprises a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a system blowing primary basalt fiber to superthin, while the system of blowing primary basalt fiber to superthin is connected to the same chamber a fiber deposition equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, and between both blowing systems and the fiber deposition chamber there is additionally a mixing chamber for heterogeneous fibers, the mixing chamber being a turbulator with nozzles for introducing fan air. It is advisable that for one furnace for melting basalt rocks with a system for blowing a melt stream to a basalt thin fiber, there are 1-4 furnaces with a system for blowing a primary basalt fiber to superthin. It is most effective that the nozzles for introducing fan air are located at 2-4 horizontal levels of the turbulator, while one level of nozzles provides dispersion of basalt thin fiber, and the rest serve to mix basalt thin and superthin fibers.

Description

The utility model relates to a means of producing non-woven fibrous material from various types of mineral fibers, in particular, from a composition of basalt thin basalt fiber (BFT) and super thin basalt fiber (BSTF), uniformly distributed among themselves throughout the volume.

The resulting basalt fiber material can be used as heat and sound insulating products and filters that are used in industrial and civil engineering, in the metallurgical, chemical, energy and other industries.

Known centrifugal-roll and centrifugal-blowing centrifuges (Dzhigiris D.D., Makhova M.F. Basics of the production of basalt fibers and products. M., "Teploenergetik", 2002, p.286) to obtain a carpet from a mixture of mineral fibers of various diameter from 1 to 20 microns, by stretching the fibers by centrifugal forces.

Centrifuges are characterized by high productivity and low cost of fiber. The disadvantages include the fact that the fibers contain up to 50% non-fibrous inclusions, which significantly reduces the thermophysical, strength, operational characteristics and indicators of chemical resistance of the material. At the same time, the formation of plate material from fibers is possible only on the basis of environmentally harmful, organic types of binders, which also have a low temperature resistance limit. The second disadvantage of these devices is the inability to use basaltic, iron-bearing rocks without the addition of mineral underlays.

A well-known furnace for melting basalt rocks with a blowing system of primary basalt fiber to superthin, with a diameter of 0.5-3 microns (Dzhigiris D.D., Makhova M.F. Basics of the production of basalt fibers and products. M., "Teploenergetik", 2002 p. 282). The resulting fibers in their characteristics are most suitable for the production of slab products. At the heart of this furnace device is a patent for an installation for producing ultra-thin glass fibers (DE patent No. 809845, 1944). According to this patent, a large number of primary fibers with a diameter of up to 200 microns, is inflated by a stream of hot gases to a given diameter.

Significant disadvantages of the aforementioned melting furnace with a primary fiber blowing system is the horizontal arrangement of the blowing system, which does not allow the production of long carpets and complicates the further processing of fiber into heat and sound insulating products.

It is known that with the help of vertical fiber deposition it is possible to obtain a long fiber carpet (Dzhigiris DD, Makhova MF Fundamentals of the production of basalt fibers and products. M., Teploenergetik, 2002, p. 132). However, the known devices involve the use of a complex design of the blowing system with high energy consumption. The resulting material has a narrow range of fiber diameters and an excessively high specific surface area, which reduces chemical resistance. The high hydraulic resistance of such a basalt fiber material does not allow its use as filters. The specified device also has low productivity, which leads to a high cost of material.

The closest technical solution is a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a melt blast system to basalt thin fiber BTB with a diameter of 8-20 microns (Fibrous materials from basalts of Ukraine. Publishing house "Technics", Kiev. 1971

p. 13) (prototype), equipped with a fiber deposition chamber and receiving-forming conveyor.

The prototype device has high performance, up to 2000 tons / year, and low cost: 1-2 thousand rubles. per ton.

The disadvantage of this device is that the resulting basalt thin fibers have a small length, and their low specific surface area and strength characteristics do not allow the use of the resulting basalt fiber material to form slab material on the most common types of inorganic binders, such as bentonite clays, Mg, Al and etc.

The technical task is to obtain a basalt fiber non-woven material based on the composition of the basalt thin fiber BTF and basalt superthin fiber BSTV, which has enhanced consumer properties, which makes it suitable for use as filters, as well as heat and sound insulating products using inorganic, environmentally friendly types of binders.

The purpose of the utility model is to create an aggregate for producing basalt fiber material, which is a composition of various basalt fibers with a diameter of 1 to 15 μm, with a share of non-fibrous inclusions of 3-7%, with increased thermophysical, strength characteristics, with high values of specific surface, thermal and vibration resistance and low hygroscopicity indicators. The second goal is to reduce the cost of basalt fiber material.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the proposed unit for producing basalt fiber material, including a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a system for blowing a jet of melt to a basalt thin fiber, connected to a fiber deposition chamber equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, characterized in that the unit further comprises a furnace for

melting of basalt rocks with a system of blowing primary basalt fiber to super thin, while the system of blowing primary basalt fiber to super thin is connected to the same fiber deposition chamber equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, and an inhomogeneous fiber mixing chamber is additionally located between both blowing systems and the fiber deposition chamber while the mixing chamber is a turbulator with nozzles for introducing fan air.

It is advisable that for one furnace for melting basalt rocks with a system for blowing a melt stream to a basalt thin fiber, there are 1-4 furnaces with a system for blowing a primary basalt fiber to superthin.

It is most effective that the nozzles for introducing fan air are located at 2-4 horizontal levels of the turbulator, while one level of nozzles provides dispersion of basalt thin fiber, and the rest serve to mix basalt thin and superthin fibers.

Preferably, the nozzles for mixing basalt fine and superthin fibers are coaxially and at an angle of 85-95 ° relative to the vertical axis of the mixing chamber.

The proposed unit operates as follows (Figure 1.)

From the furnace for melting basalt rocks 1, the melt stream enters the blowing system of thin fiber 2. From the furnace 3 for melting basalt rocks, primary fibers with a diameter of 150-220 microns. get into the primary fiber blowing system 4, where they are blown up by a stream of high-temperature gases to a diameter of 0.5-3 microns. The flows from the blowing systems 2 and 4 fall into the mixing chamber 5, which is a turbulator with nozzles for introducing fan air 6. Then a homogeneous mass enters the fiber deposition chamber 7 and then onto the grid of the receiving-forming conveyor 8.

The basalt fiber material obtained on the conveyor is a carpet of a mixture of two types of fibers uniformly distributed between each other in volume and thickness from 50 to 200 mm.

To increase the range of production of basalt fiber materials with an expanded range of BFBT content from 10-40 wt.% Per furnace for melting basalt rocks with a melt blast system to a basalt thin fiber, 1-4 furnaces with a primary basalt fiber blow system to super thin are used.

The relative number of furnaces over 4 is impractical due to a sharp increase in the cost of the final basalt fiber material.

The number of horizontal levels of the location of the nozzles for supplying fan air is selected for the following reasons:

levels must be at least two, because one of the nozzle levels provides dispersion of the basaltic thin fiber, and the rest serve to mix the basaltic thin and superthin fibers. The total number of horizontal levels of the turbulator of more than 4 does not allow for technological control over the mixing process.

The nozzles for mixing basalt thin and superthin fibers are coaxially arranged to give circular swirls of flows, and an angle of 85-95 ° is chosen for the reason that fan flows from different levels of the turbulator should not overlap.

The following are examples of implementing a utility model:

Example 1. One BTV furnace with a capacity of 600 tons / year and one BSTV furnace with a capacity of 60 tons / year.

The resulting basalt fiber material contains BTV-90 and BSTV-10 wt.% And is characterized by a decrease in thermal conductivity relative to BTV by 8%. The content of non-fibrous inclusions is 7%. Plate products based on this composition can be obtained on organic types of binders and PVA emulsions by injection into a fiberization chamber. The density of the resulting basalt fiber

6. material at the outlet of the installation 35-40 kg / m3. This composition is also suitable for the manufacture of filter materials for liquid and gas environments in systems where low hydraulic resistance is important.

Example 2. One BTV furnace with a capacity of 600 tons / year and two BSTV furnaces with a capacity of 60 tons / year.

The resulting basalt fiber material contains BTV-80 and BSTV-20 wt.%. Decrease in thermal conductivity in relation to BTV by 20%. The content of non-fibrous inclusions is 5%. The density of the material at the outlet of the unit is not more than 35 kg / m3. The filtering ability increases by 3-4% compared with BTV and is 98%. Thermal-vibration resistance increases by 10% with respect to BTV. The hygroscopicity value is reduced to 1.5%. This composition allows you to get plates in various ways. After heat treatment, the plates do not delaminate. The density of the plates on bentonite clay is 100 kg / m3. The average strength of a fibrous carpet with respect to material made of BTF fibers will increase 2.5 times. Composition for the manufacture of plate heat-insulating materials on inorganic and organic types of binder with a density of 100 to 220 kg / m3.

Example 3. One BTV furnace with a capacity of 600 t / year and three BSTV furnaces with a capacity of 60 t / year.

The resulting basalt fiber material contains BTV-70 and BSTV-30 wt.%. Decrease in thermal conductivity by 30% in comparison with BTV. The content of non-fibrous inclusions is 4%. The density of the material at the outlet of the installation is less than 30 kg / m3. filtering ability increases by 7% in relation to BTV and is 98.5%, and Thermal-vibration resistance increases by 15%. The value of hygroscopicity is reduced to 1%. Plate forming is good. The density of the plates on bentonite clay is reached 80 kg / m3. The range of molding plates on bentonite clay in thickness (30-80 mm) has been expanded. The average strength of a fibrous carpet in relation to a material based on BTB will increase by 4 times. It is used for the manufacture of materials used in systems with elevated temperature and vibration.

Example 4. One BTV furnace with a capacity of 600 tons / year and four BSTV furnaces with a capacity of 60 tons / year. The resulting basalt fiber material contains BTV-60 and BSTV-40 wt.%. And it is characterized by a decrease in thermal conductivity by 35% compared with BTV. The content of non-fibrous inclusions is 3%. The hygroscopicity value decreases to 0.75%. The density of the canvas at the exit of the installation is less than 30 kg / m3. The optimal density of the fiber carpet is reduced to 95 kg / m3. The filtering ability is unchanged compared to example 3. The plate forming parameters are not changed compared to example 3. It is used for the manufacture of high-temperature gas filters operating at high pressures, sound insulators and for thermal insulation of cryogenic plants.

A further increase in the number of plants for obtaining BFBT is impractical due to a sharp increase in production costs and a slight improvement in the characteristics of the material.

Claims (4)

1. The unit for producing basalt fiber material, including a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a melt blasting system to a basalt thin fiber, connected to a fiber deposition chamber equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, characterized in that the unit further comprises a furnace for melting basalt rocks with a system for blowing primary basalt fiber to superthin, while a system for blowing primary basalt fiber to superthin is connected to the same fiber a condensation chamber equipped with a receiving-forming conveyor, and between both blowing systems and the fiber deposition chamber there is additionally a mixing chamber for inhomogeneous fibers, the mixing chamber being a turbulator with nozzles for introducing fan air. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that for one furnace for melting basalt rocks with a melt blast system to a basalt thin fiber there are 1-4 furnaces with a primary basalt fiber blowing system to superthin. 3. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles for introducing fan air are located at 2-4 horizontal levels of the turbulator, while one level of the nozzles provides dispersion of the basalt thin fiber, and the rest serve for mixing basalt thin and superthin fibers. 4. The unit according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 3, characterized in that the nozzles for mixing basalt thin and superthin fibers are coaxial and at an angle of 85-95 ° relative to the vertical axis of the mixing chamber.