RU40769U1 - AUTONOMOUS WIND POWER INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to wind turbines, specifically to autonomous medium-power wind power systems that provide consumers with a single or three-phase alternating voltage of 220/380 V, 50 Hz. An autonomous wind power installation includes a wind generator consisting of a tower (mast), vertically mounted on a flat plate using side braces, and a working head that can rotate in a horizontal plane at the top of the tower, as well as a battery, inverter and control device. The working head includes a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is connected to a horizontally located shaft of the wind wheel with blades, and a speed regulator. The wind wheel shaft is the rotor of the magnetoelectric generator, and the autonomous wind power installation additionally contains a damper and cable. Moreover, the damper is located between the base of the working head and the top of the tower and consists of two groups of plates placed in a viscous fluid, one of which is rigidly connected to the base of the head, and the second to the top of the tower. A cable cable is stretched inside the tower and its cable part electrically connects the magnetoelectric generator with batteries, an inverter and a control device, and the cable part is rigidly fixed at one end to the base of the working head and the other to the tower in its lower part. The utility model is an efficient, reliable, low-cost wind power installation that works stably even at low wind speeds, which is conveniently transported, does not require large human resources and technical�

Description

1. The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The proposed utility model relates to wind engines, specifically to autonomous medium-power wind power systems that provide consumers with single or three-phase alternating voltage of 220/380 V, 50 Hz.

2. The level of technology

The main components of any wind power installation are:

a wind wheel (rotor), which converts the energy of the incident wind flow into the mechanical energy of rotation of the axis of the turbine (the diameter of the wind wheel ranges from several meters to several tens of meters; rotation speed is from 15 to 100 rpm);

multiplier - an intermediate link between the wind wheel and the electric generator, which ensures coordination with the generator speed (the exception is wind power plants of low power with special permanent magnet generators in which multipliers or gearboxes are not used);

a tower on which a wind wheel is installed and which is sometimes strengthened with steel extensions (often these are cylindrical masts, but lattice towers are also used);

foundation (foundation) designed to prevent the installation from falling during strong winds; [1].

Any autonomous system, including wind energy, operates independently of the central power supply network. It can function independently, be used as an understudy of any other generator, or used in combination with other power plants as a component of a combined power supply system.

Known wind energy systems of the "Company LMV Wind Power", specializing, in particular, in the production of autonomous wind power with a capacity of 0.25 to 10 kW. These wind farms are intended for power supply of isolated consumers, as well as facilities requiring autonomous uninterrupted power supply [2]. As an analogue, we consider their wind energy system for a maximum output power of 10 kW under the name LMV-1000 [3]. Main technical specifications:

a tower 12 m high, with foundation mortgages and guy lines;

a wind wheel with a diameter of 7 m with 3 solid-cast fiberglass blades with an epoxy compound;

synchronous brushless multi-pole generator with permanent magnets, mounted on a support with a current collector, top location;

cable for electrical connection of the current collector with the batteries, inverter, voltage regulator;

no gearbox;

wind orientation system - passive with a tail blade;

sleeve type - rigid;

rotor position - in front of the tower;

braking mechanism - electric brake (rotation by 90 degrees);

rechargeable batteries (120 V, 570 A / h);

inverter (U _input = 120 V, U _output = 380 V);

voltage regulator with a rectifier (provides control over the charging current and battery voltage and automatically shuts off the generator when the batteries are fully charged);

speed controller (inclined weather vane tail on the hinge).

The disadvantage is:

The absence of a damper to prevent breakage of the blades during a sharp change in wind direction.

The lack of a device to avoid strong twisting of the cable with powerful gusts of wind.

The lack of a device designed to connect a backup power source.

Known autonomous wind power installation AVEU-4M, manufactured in Ukraine in Sevastopol by the company "Sayvo" [4].

The main technical characteristics are as follows:

wind wheel diameter - 6.6 m;

range of working wind speeds - 4.5 ... 40 m / s

wind speed at which the wind turbine at idle develops a nominal rotation frequency of not more than 6.5 m / s;

type of installed generator - SGMV-4;

gearbox - worm;

rated power of the generator - 4 kW;

rated voltage at the terminals of the control unit - 400/230 V, 3 phases .;

establishment of a wind wheel in the wind - using a windrose mechanism;

the method of controlling the frequency of rotation of the wind wheel - centrifugal-aerodynamic rotation of the blades;

the weight of the wind turbine without embedded parts for the foundation - 1210 kg;

tower height about 9 m;

rotor position - in front of the tower;

the automation unit and the control unit are placed on the foundation near the tower;

foundation about 10 × 10 m in size.

The disadvantages of the installation are:

mandatory presence of a foundation;

the presence of a gear;

the need for a special windrose mechanism for orienting the wind wheel to the wind (due to the location of the rotor in front of the tower);

Lack of protection against strong twisting of the cable with powerful gusts of wind.

Closest to the claimed utility model in terms of technical characteristics is the well-known wind turbine VEU-16/30 kW [5]. Its purpose is alternative energy, as well as the generation of electricity, thermal energy (space heating, water heating), mechanical energy (energy extraction from the drive shaft to drive mechanical equipment). The design is as follows:

shaped tower - a self-lifting mast 12 m high, consisting of separate sections connected by flanges; the tower is lifted using a winch or crane;

wind wheel - 3 fiberglass blades with an espero profile, wind wheel diameter 12 m, blade twist 13 degrees;

the wind wheel is connected to the feathering mechanism (for output "into the weather vane"), a gearbox, and then an electric generator, which are mounted on a rotary platform and enclosed in a protective casing, forming the head of the wind generator;

the turntable has free rotation at the top of the tower;

the foundation is set in advance;

the tower is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts;

there is a spring regulator for automatically setting the pitch of the screw during operation and speed;

orientation to the wind is carried out using the windrose mechanism;

rotor location - in front of the tower;

operating range of wind speeds 5-25 m / s;

the estimated wind speed is 8.4 m / s for a power of 16 kW and 10.5 m / s for a power of 30 kW;

installation weight 5 t.

An electric control cabinet is supplied. Collaboration with a diesel power station is envisaged. Custom installation is completed with rechargeable batteries and an inverter.

The disadvantages are:

- the large weight of the installation, which creates certain difficulties during transportation and installation;

- the mandatory presence of a foundation, which must be laid in advance, therefore, the overall commissioning period increases;

- the presence of a gearbox that requires special maintenance, for example, changing the oil and carrying out maintenance work;

- the need for a special windrose mechanism for orienting the wind wheel to the wind (due to the location of the rotor in front of the tower), which complicates the design as a whole;

- lack of protection against strong twisting of the cable with powerful gusts of wind, which can lead to cable breakage;

- the absence of a damper to prevent fatigue failure of the blades during a sharp change in wind direction;

- non-optimal use of aerodynamics under strong wind loads, that is, the wind turbine is provided for, but the angle of attack of the blades is not regulated;

- lack of additional protection for batteries and inverter from climatic influences, which may limit the lifetime of the installation.

3. The essence of the utility model

The purpose of creating a useful model is to obtain an efficient reliable cheap wind power installation that works stably even at low wind speeds, has the ability to work with alternative power sources, is protected from breakage during sudden gusts of wind and a sharp change in wind direction, which is conveniently transported, does not require large human resources and technical means during installation, convenient to operate.

An autonomous wind power installation includes a wind generator consisting of a tower (mast), vertically mounted on a flat plate using side braces, and a working head that can rotate in a horizontal plane at the top of the tower, as well as a battery, inverter and control device. The working head includes a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is connected to a horizontally located shaft of the wind wheel with blades, and a speed regulator. The wind wheel shaft is the rotor of the magnetoelectric generator, and the autonomous wind power installation additionally contains a damper and cable. Moreover, the damper is located between the base of the working head and the top of the tower and consists of two groups of plates placed in a viscous fluid, one of which is rigidly connected to the base of the working head, and the second to the top of the tower. A cable cable is stretched inside the tower and its cable part electrically connects the magnetoelectric generator with batteries, an inverter and a control device, and the cable part is rigidly fixed at one end to the base of the working head and the other to the tower in its lower part.

In addition, the speed control of the wind wheel is made in the form of a centrifugal aerodynamic mechanism with two degrees of freedom, one of which is provided by rotation of the generator shaft, and the second by linear movement of the speed control levers in proportion to the frequency of rotation of the generator shaft;

the control device has a backup diesel generator connection unit;

the flat base for installing the tower is made in the form of a separate plate with through holes for anchor pins used to fix the plate in the ground, the upper surface of the plate contains a socket for fixing the tower, and side extensions are connected to embedded parts buried in the ground;

rechargeable batteries, an inverter and a control device are placed in a warmed type container.

Thus, the essential features of the claimed utility model provide a technical result, which consists in the following:

Thanks to the use of a damper of the indicated design, alternating loads that occur when the wind direction changes, which lead the blades to their fatigue failure, are reduced.

The use of a cable-cable, which runs inside the tower and is a cable connected to a metal cable along the entire length into a single cord (except for the ends where they are separated), limits the angular movement of the head in the range of ± 720 ° when changing the direction of the wind due to the elastic properties of the cable during twisting and allows you to unwind the cable in calm periods.

The presence of a backup diesel generator in the control unit allows the use of a diesel generator energy source as

temporary replacement of a wind power installation (for example, during a calm period or during repair and maintenance work).

Installing the tower in a vertical position on the slab (with through holes for anchor pins and a special socket for fixing the lower end of the tower) with braces attached to embedded parts that are placed in pits dug manually, eliminates concrete work and installs the unit by several person (with the use of a manual winch, but without the use of truck cranes.)

Using a container to accommodate external devices and equipment of an autonomous wind power installation provides high mobility during transportation and increases the reliability of operation.

4. The list of figures of graphic images

Figure 1. A general view drawing of an autonomous wind power installation.

Figure 2. Damper design sketch.

5. Information confirming the possibility of implementing a utility model

Autonomous wind power installation can be implemented in the form of the following design. Tower 1 (figure 1), which is a multi-section mast with flange connections, is mounted in an upright position using braces 2. It rests on a flat plate 3. The working head 4 includes a wind wheel 5 and an electromagnetic generator 6, the rotor of which is a shaft 7 a wind wheel 5 with two blades 8, and a speed regulator 9. In addition, the autonomous wind power installation includes a battery 10, an inverter 11 and a control device 12. The axis of rotation of the wind wheel has an angular offset of 5 degrees from the horizon plane. A damper 13 is located between the base of the head 4 and the top of the tower 1. Inside the tower 1, a cable 14 is extended and its cable part electrically connects the terminal block 15 of the generator 6 with

an electric shield 16 in the lower part of the tower 1, from which the power cable 17 to the battery 10, the inverter 11 and the control device 12 departs. The cable part of the cable cable 14 is rigidly fixed at one end to the base of the head 4, and the other to the tower 1 in it lower part. The lower part of the tower has access from the outside through the hatch 18.

Damper 13 (figure 2) consists of two groups of plates 19 and 20, placed in a container 21 with a viscous fluid. One group of plates (19) is rigidly connected to the base of the working head 4, and the second group of plates (20) is connected to the top of the tower 1.

The speed controller 9 (Fig. 1) is made in the form of a centrifugal aerodynamic mechanism with two degrees of freedom, one of which is provided by rotating the shaft of the magnetoelectric generator 6, and the second by linear movement of the levers of the speed controller 9 in proportion to the speed of this shaft.

The control device 12 through the connection unit 22 can connect to the diesel generator 23.

The flat plate 3 has through holes for the anchor pins 24 used to secure the plate in the ground. The upper surface of the flat plate 3 contains a socket 25 for fixing the tower 1, and the side extensions 2 are connected with embedded parts 26 buried in the ground.

Batteries 10, an inverter 11, a control device 12, a diesel generator 23 are placed in a container 27 of an insulated type.

For tensioning the stretch marks 2 lanyards 28 are provided. In addition, an element is provided for lifting the mast from a horizontal position to a vertical position - an arrow 29 and an assembly traction mechanism 30.

To protect against lightning, a ground wire 31 is connected to the tower, and a ground loop 32 is dug into the ground.

Installation of an autonomous wind power installation is as follows. A tower (mast 9 m high), consisting of sections, a damper and a working head, including a wind wheel with a diameter of 8 m (with two glued wood blades with a complex profile configuration) and a generator (for example, a synchronous generator SGBMV-10-5 024 PIGN. 526555.001 ) are assembled in a single structure on the ground. On the surface of the selected soil site, a flat platform is selected on which a plate is laid, which serves as the flat base of the installation. Through holes in the plate, anchor pins having a length of up to 1.5 m are driven in. At a certain distance around the plate in several places (for example, in 4, opposite the edges of the plate), holes 1-1.5 m deep are manually digged and laid there embedded parts. The lower end of the mast is located in a nest on the surface of the plate, the design of which allows the mast to rotate freely when lifting, and when it reaches a vertical position - to be fixed. The mast is raised with the working head already assembled using a winch using two to three people. After the tower is installed in a vertical position, stretch marks securing the mast to the embedded parts are pulled with lanyards. The weight of the wind generator is about 1200 kg. The total weight of the wind power plant is about 7,500 kg.

An insulated type container is installed near the tower, in one compartment of which batteries (for example, nickel-cadmium batteries) are placed, and in the other there is an inverter, for example, a power supply unit AP 10 U4 VAYUU.028000.000 TU. The control device can be located in the same container, the main part of which is the ZhShTI.656131.037 feeder switching unit, the ZhShTI.656131.037 automation unit and the APVAUU.028000.001 cabinet. The diesel generator (for example, the AD 8S-T400-1V IDBP.561232.015 TU electric generator set) is connected to the control device through the mentioned automation unit. From the container to the tower, pull the power cable and connect it through the hatch to the electrical panel at the bottom

towers. Autonomous wind power installation operates in automatic mode, without the constant presence of man.

Autonomous power plant operates as follows.

In the presence of wind, the speed of which is not less than 4 m / s, the wind wheel rotates with a frequency of 250 rpm and, through a common shaft, drives the rotor of the electric generator, which is a synchronous magnetoelectric generator with permanent magnets. Moreover, the location of the wind wheel relative to the mast is “behind the mast”, the orientation of the wind wheel to the wind is “self-installing”. The generator generates an electric current, which is fed through a cable to the electrical panel in the lower part of the tower, and from there through a power cable to the container, to the control device, which includes the rectifier. The rectified current is used to recharge the batteries and to convert the constant voltage to alternating 220/380 V, which is carried out by the inverter. The rated power of this wind power plant is 10 kVA. The range of working wind speeds is 4-40 m / s, the maximum wind speed is 60 m / s. The control device has a diesel generator connection unit, which ensures that the diesel generator is turned on when there is insufficient power generation when the wind is quiet.

Estimated annual electricity production of 28.3 MW with an average annual wind speed of 6 m / s.

The utility model also provides for remote control of the forced stop of the wind wheel, namely, short-circuiting the generator circuits.

In accordance with the above main characteristics of the claimed utility model has the following advantages:

The low design wind speed and a wide range of operating wind speeds provide a high value of annual energy production, and this most important parameter is provided at a low tower height, which, in turn, characterizes high mobility.

The gearless design of the wind generator and the working location of the wind wheel - behind the tower (which determines the possibility of orienting it to the wind due to self-installation), can greatly simplify the design, increase reliability and reduce the cost of manufacture and operation.

The foundationless installation of the tower by several people significantly reduces the time for installation and commissioning.

The blades made of glued wood allow you to perform a complex profile configuration with high accuracy to obtain high aerodynamic properties.

The use of a centrifugal mechanism of controlling the angle of attack with a negative value to set the shaft speed regulator of the magnetoelectric generator ensures optimal use of aerodynamics for all wind loads, prevents wind wheel spacing during strong wind gusts, and also reduces the dynamic load on the tower and base plate.

The use of a damper between the working head and the tower allows you to avoid early fatigue failure of the blades under the influence of changing the direction of the wind.

Using the option of forced stop of the wind wheel due to short circuit of the generator circuits eliminates the need for additional devices associated with a manual or remote-mechanical brake.

The possibility of interfacing a wind power installation with a diesel generator through a control device allows you to set the optimal mode of operation for a diesel generator with high efficiency and low wear due to the use of free wind energy. The diesel generator is turned on only in the absence of wind or repair and maintenance work of the wind generator, which means that the service life of the diesel generator is increased, diesel fuel consumption is reduced.

Using a container to accommodate external devices and equipment of an autonomous wind power installation provides high mobility, good protection from adverse weather conditions, ease of operation and maintenance.

Thus, the claimed utility model is an effective reliable cheap wind power installation that works stably even at low wind speeds, which is conveniently transported, does not require large human resources and technical means during installation and is convenient to operate. It has the ability to work with alternative power sources and is protected from breakage during strong gusts and a sharp change in wind direction.

Sources of fame

1.http: //www.intersolar.ru/wind

Wind power. Guidelines for the use of small and medium-sized wind turbines. Intersolarcentre, Moscow, 2001

2. http: // www. energy-exhibition. corn / ExHbition / Tema_pav2 / FirmsAmv-vetroener.htm Technical characteristics LMV-1003, LMV-2500, LMV-3600, LMV-10000.

3.http: //www.ovis.khv.ru

Joint venture with Dutch investments "LMV Wind Energy Company". Development, production, installation and servicing of wind turbines with power from 100 W to 10 KW. Khabarovsk

4.http: //www.vetrak.narod.ru

Wind farms of the company "Sayvo". Technical characteristics of AVEU-4M. Sevastopol

5. http://www.wmdgen.ru

WIND_GEN. Catalog of wind generators. Supplies, sales, installation of wind power systems St. Petersburg.

e-mail: infog) .windqen.ru phone: (812) 970-43-51; (812) 373-54-30, fax: (812) 373-89-29.

http://www.windgen.ru/rus/veu1630.shtml. Wind power installation VEU-30

http://www.sciteclibrarv.com/ms/cataloa/tecs/enerQv/altemative%20energy/wind%20energetics/.

Wind turbine VEU-16/30 kW.

Claims (6)

1. Autonomous wind power installation, including a wind generator, consisting of a tower installed in a vertical position using braces and a flat base, and a working head that has the ability to rotate in a horizontal plane at the top of the tower, a battery, an inverter and a control device, the working head includes a magnetoelectric generator, the rotor of which is connected to a horizontally located shaft of the wind wheel with blades, and a speed regulator, characterized that the wind wheel shaft is the rotor of the magnetoelectric generator, and the wind power plant additionally contains a damper and a cable-cable, the damper being located between the base of the working head and the top of the tower, and the cable-cable is extended inside the tower, and its cable part electrically connects the magnetoelectric generator to the battery batteries, an inverter and a control device, and the cable part is rigidly fixed at one end to the base of the working head and the other to the tower in its lower part. 2. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the damper consists of two groups of plates placed in a viscous liquid, one of which is rigidly connected to the base of the working head, and the second to the top of the tower. 3. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the speed controller is made in the form of a centrifugal aerodynamic mechanism with two degrees of freedom, one of which is provided by rotating the shaft of the magnetoelectric generator, and the second by linear movement of the levers of the speed controller in proportion to the rotational speed of the shaft of the magnetoelectric generator. 4. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes a diesel generator connected to the control device. 5. Wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat base for installing the tower is made in the form of a plate with through holes for anchor pins used to fix the plate in the ground, the upper surface of the plate contains a socket for fixing the base of the tower, and the side extensions are connected with embedded parts buried in the ground. 6. Wind power installation according to claims 1 and 4, characterized in that it contains a heat-insulated container for accommodating batteries, an inverter, a control device and a diesel generator.