RU36566U1 - Vacuum Contactor or Circuit Breaker Module - Google Patents

Description

Vacuum contactor or circuit breaker module.

The utility model relates to electrical engineering, in particular, to vacuum circuit breakers and contactors of direct current and alternating current in phase-wise execution with an electromagnet drive.

The most common designs of vacuum circuit breakers have complex systems with breaking arms with a large number of friction units (AS USSR No. 1552250, Н01ЮЗ / 66, 1990). The drive lever is made insulating, which not only increases the traction force of the drive and reduces wear resistance, but also increases the size.

In the contactor (RF patent No. 2208870, Н01Н51 / 06, Н02Р6 / 00, 2003) there are no breaking levers, but the disconnecting lever is made insulating; contact closure occurs due to the bellows without additional preload, which does not allow the design to be used for high currents of hundreds of amperes. The implementation of the elastic damping element does not prevent the moving of the movable contact towards the fault when disconnecting, which is significant due to the small working displacements when using vacuum interrupter chambers (VDK). The electromagnet and VDK are separated by an insulating barrier in the horizontal direction, which increases the dimensions. In general, the design is applicable for small currents and voltages.

Due to the high dielectric strength of the smart gap vaccines, the dimensions of the airborne void are minimal and it is necessary to solve the problems of strengthening the dielectric strength of the insulating chamber housings, especially in conditions of high dust and humidity.

In the vacuum switch (patent of the Russian Federation No. 32315, N01NZZ / 66, 2003), the outer surface of the VDK housing is filled with silicone elastic insulation material - silicone rubber. Such a solution is very laborious and does not improve the internal insulation of the support insulator.

In the vacuum circuit breaker (certificate of the Russian Federation No. 18862, НО 1НЗ 3 / 66,2001), an additional concentric fiberglass cylinder is placed between the VDK housing and the bearing cylinder and these cylinders are interconnected by an insulating hermetic jumper from the side of the upper conductive flange, and the external insulation is reinforced with ribs of silicone rubber. The design is complicated by additional detail and the difficulties of its fastening; lateral dimensions increase.

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The most vague in technical essence of the proposed one is the vacuum circuit breaker TEL series (RF patent No. 2020631, N01YUZ / 66.1994), in which each pole of the three-phase circuit breaker has the following axially arranged: VDC, the lower current collector on which it is mounted on the movable side contact, a traction insulator with a spring tighten inside it, an electromagnet with a disconnect spring inside it, 6ojrr with a pin entering the slot of the shaft having a radial protrusion with a permanent magnet acting on the reed switch in the disconnected floor zhenii switch; the lower current collector is mounted on a supporting insulator, supported by a magnetic circuit, the lower part of which is a guide and limiter of the armature movement and is fixed on the base.

The advantage of this design over the first two, analogues - in the absence of conversion of the linear movement of the armature into the rotational movement of the transmission links with excessive friction. But this problem has not been completely solved - there is a shaft for the drive of the block contacts and a pole trip manually with considerable effort in the presence of a failure in the control circuit, since the on-hold mode is carried out by constant magning. Another significant drawback is the fastening of the VDK from the movable contact side. At the same time, VDK welded joints are subjected to shock loads, which significantly reduces their reliability, especially for high short-circuit currents. The presence of a large number of flanges with fastening along the axis of the module increases the complexity of the assembly and the dimensions of the module in the transverse direction; for three-phase devices it is necessary to use insulating barriers between phases; the identity of the manufacture of modules in serial production is deteriorating due to the impossibility of using assembly templates. When disconnecting, the flat surface of the anchor hits the flat surface of the gel, due to which there is reverse rejection towards the inclusion, which is essential for small working gaps in the contacts of the airborne helper; because of hard blows, the whole

design. Since the permanent magnet on the radial protrusion of the shaft has a rotational movement and the course of the insulating rod is small, the reliability of the reed switches decreases. They also reduce their reliability and the strokes noted above. A significant design flaw is the impossibility of fixing the rotating contact of the VDK from turning when adjusting its stroke in the assembled module, and the bellows may be damaged. When adjusting it is necessary to disassemble almost the entire structure. Shutdown and preload springs can rub against an insulating rod, which increases friction, wear of parts and reduces

insulating properties of the draft when it is humidified from atmospheric condensate. The protection of the air-insulator with an insulating cap only reduces its dust pollution, but does not increase the insulation of the air-insulator housing.

The proposed module design allows to eliminate the disadvantages of analogues and prototype: to reduce the dimensions, simplify the design and its assembly and commissioning, increase reliability and durability, strengthen the internal insulation.

To do this, in the module of the vacuum contactor or on / off switch, all the elements, except the block contacts, are placed inside the common insulation cylinder, the attachment to which is limited. For the case of the electromagnet and the upper current collector is perpendicular to the axis, the VDK is fixed to the upper current collector on the side of the fixed contact, the trip spring and the preloads are placed concentrically inside the electromagnet, the limiter and the anchor of the electromagnet have conjugated cones, are anchored symmetrically in the axial direction of the rack with the bar, acting on the block contacts after switching on, the insulating cylinder has a technological hole for holding the movable contact of the VDK from turning during assembly and commissioning, the inner space between the insulating cylinder and the VDK at the top of the current collector is filled with silicone rubber.

The essence of the proposed solution allows us to obtain the following positive results: all moving elements of the module can only move progressively with minimal sliding friction; the placement of the module elements, except for the contact contacts, inside a single insulating cylinder and securing to it perpendicular to the axis of only three parts: the upper current collector, the body of the electromagnet and the limiter, reduces the transverse dimensions, simplifies the design, and allows for a single assembly template in serial production. Concentric placement of the springs inside the electromagnet along the metal part of the rod does not affect the insulating parts and reduces the dimensions of the module and the friction force; the presence of cones at the anchor and the limiter eliminates the bounce of the VDK contact during disconnection and allows, on the one hand, to choose the gap between the contacts as minimal as the only switching ability, on the other hand, the mechanical durability of the entire module increases, the operation of block contacts improves; the presence of a technological hole in the insulating cylinder allows you to adjust the clearance in the VDK contacts in the assembled module, which is also facilitated by the installation of an adjustment element at the end of the rod; the fastening of the VDK to the upper current collector from the side of the fixed contact ensures optimal operation of the VDK and allows you to fill

elastic organosilicon compound part of the inner surface of the insulating cylinder and the housing of the VDK to enhance insulation.

The basic design of the module is illustrated by drawings: in FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section, an option of fixing on the end; in FIG. 2 - the second option of fixing the module using two racks and a base.

In the insulating cylinder 1 are placed sequentially along the axis: the upper disk current collector 2, VDK 3 with a movable contact 4 and the lower flexible current collector 5, a rod with an insulating part 6 and a metal non-magnetic rod 7, an electromagnet with a body 8, an armature 9 and a coil 10; inside the electromagnet along the rod are placed concentrically a preload spring 11 and a trip spring 12; an external cone 13 is anchored, behind which a limiter Г4 is placed with an internal cone mating with the cone 13 in the off position of the module. The upper current collector 2, the body of the electromagnet 8 and the limiter 14 are mounted on the insulating cylinder 1 with screws, respectively, 15, 16 and 17 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the module. The VDK and the fixed current supply 18 are fixed to the upper current collector by 2 screws 19. At the end of the rod 7 there is a nut 20 for regulating the contact path of the VDK and its disconnection. Racks 21 with a bracket 22 are symmetrically fixed to the anchor. The module is attached to the base 23 by a limiter 14. On the base are fixed contact contacts in the form of microswitches 24. Gaskets 25 are provided for regulating the armature travel. To control the armature progress in the operating state of the module in .1shndre 1 has a hole 26. For the possibility of fixing the movable VDK contact from turning and possible breakdown of the bellows during assembly and adjustment in the insulating cylinder 1, a technological hole 27 is provided. To strengthen the internal insulation and protection from the harmful effects of the environment, the space between the isolation cylinder and the VDK body is filled with organosilicon compound 28. Parts 2 and 18 can be made together, and a cut is made in the cylinder for outputting current collection.

The guide for the anchor is the coil frame and / or stem 7. In the latter case, sliding occurs along a smaller diameter, which reduces the longitudinal dimensions of the module and increases reliability.

When replacing microswitches 24 with reed switches, permanent magnets are fixed at the ends of the strip 22.

If necessary, the outer insulation can be reinforced with fins made of organosilicon, the same as in the third analogue.

When operating the device in a dusty and humid room to enhance the internal

Insulation holes in the insulating cylinder can be covered with an elastic insulating film. The presence of holes improves the cooling conditions of the main current-carrying circuit and the coil of the electromagnet.

The module mount of FIG. 1 is most suitable for three-phase vacuum circuit breakers and contactors for voltages of 10 kV and higher in stationary installations.

For mobile installations with significant inertial loads and voltages of less than 10 kV, in particular for electrified vehicles, the mounting of the module according to FIG. 2. Here, instead of the base 23, there is a metal plate 29 mounted on the limiter 14, and an additional insulating plate 30 mounted on the current lead 2. To these plates is mounted a base 31 on which the module is installed in the vehicle’s power cabinet. On the basis of 31 it is convenient to install the block of the control circuit 32 of the module (it is not shown in Fig. 1; the block can be mounted on the insulating cylinder 1 below the electromagnet or on the base 23). Such fastening takes up more transverse space, but the design has greater rigidity.

The module works as follows. When a command is given for switching on - applying voltage to the coil 10, the armature starts to move upward, compressing the disconnecting spring 12. Under the influence of atmospheric pressure on the bellows and the pre-compressed spring 11, the rod 6 with the movable contact 4 of the air-tight coupling moves up until the contacts are closed. After the contacts are closed, the thrust stops, and the anchor, which continues to move upwards, compresses both springs, providing the preload spring 11 with additional contact pressing to counteract overheating in continuous operation at rated current and electrodynamic rejection from short circuit currents. After closing the contacts between the cone 13 and the nut 20, a gap occurs and increases until the arm rests in the body of the 8 electromagnet. Before this, the contact switches of the microswitches 24 are switched. By their signal and / or the time setting, the electromagnet switches to hold mode (for example, according to RF patent No. 2195732, H01F7 / 18, H01H47 / 32, 2002).

The module turns off after removing the voltage from the coil. The anchor accelerates under the action of both springs and hits the nut 20, opening the VDK contacts with parts 6 and 7 of the thrust, even if they can be welded. After opening the contacts, the anchor moves behind

; -. .

due to inertia and from the spring 12. At the end of the stroke, the anchor cone 13 beats the limiter 14 in the cone without a backward rebound due to the wedge effect, preventing the movable contact from moving back to the circuit. The decrease in cone la is limited by the increase in the influence of possible lateral displacements of parts during commissioning and the subsequent change in the course of the armature during running-in; additional traction force of the anchor will be needed due to the friction forces between the cones. Therefore, it is advisable to take the angle of the cone from 75 ° to 120 °.

It should be noted that the identity of the manufacture of modules and a significant simplification of their assembly in mass production is easily achieved through the use of a single template in the form of a female cylinder with coordinated holes for fasteners and for technological holes.

The module forgave the entire range of tests in direct and alternating current contactors and in direct current switches for railway rolling stock.

Claims (5)

1. A vacuum contactor or circuit breaker module comprising a vacuum arrester located on the same axis with upper and lower current collectors, an electromagnet, a support insulator, an insulating rod, disconnect and preload springs, a limiter, as well as block contacts, characterized in that the limiter and the armature the electromagnets have conjugated cones; all elements of the module, except for the block contacts, are located inside a common insulating cylinder, to which the limiter, the electromagnet body and the upper current collector are fastened fasteners in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the module, and the vacuum arrester is fixed to the upper current collector on the side of the fixed contact, the disconnect and preload springs are placed concentrically along the metal part of the rod inside the electromagnet, they are anchored symmetrically in the axial direction of the rack with a bar acting on the block contacts in the on position of the module, in addition, in the insulating cylinder there is a technological hole for holding the movable contact of the vacuum interrupter chamber from rovorachivaniya during assembly and adjustment of the space between the inner surface of the insulating cylinder and the vacuum interrupter chamber filled silicone rubber. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of the cone of the armature and limiter is taken within 75 ÷ 120 °. 3. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is attached to the support for the limiter. 4. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is attached to the support using a plate that is mounted on an insulating and metal posts, respectively mounted on the upper current collector and limiter. 5. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that the silicone rubber covers the metal parts from the side of the fixed contact and at least part of the insulating body of the vacuum interrupter chamber.