RU35232U1 - Spectral device for monitoring and monitoring the process of photodynamic therapy and laser fluorescence diagnostics - Google Patents

Description

SPECTRAL DEVICE FOR CONTROL AND MONITORING

PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY AND LASER PROCESS

FLUORESCENT DIAGNOSTICS.

The proposed utility model relates to medicine, specifically to medical devices and may find application in clinical practice.

The method of laser fluorescence diagnostics (optical biopsy) is based on the ability of endogenous porphyrins and their derivatives to accumulate in pathological tissues. A characteristic feature of these compounds is the ability to selectively absorb light of a certain wavelength in the visible region of the spectrum and fluoresce. The highest content of endogenous porphyrins is localized in rapidly proliferating cells, this is the biological basis for the fluorescence diagnosis of malignant and benign tumors.

It is known to use a system for laser fluorescence diagnostics based on a laser endoscopic spectral analyzer LESA-7, which includes the following main components: a portable multi-channel laser spectral analyzer, a laser source - a helium-neon laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm, rated power 5 mW; a system of special filters for detecting fluorescence and scattered laser radiation simultaneously in the range from bBO to 750 nm. ; flexible Y-shaped multi-channel fiber optic catheter with a diameter of 1.5 mm used for

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quantitative monitoring of the kinetics of chemical and spectrally dependent physical processes, in particular for determining and recording induced and intrinsic fluorescence in medical practice. (S.A. Dadvani, P.S. Vetshev, S.S. Harnas, S.P. Vetshev, L.P. Belyaeva. "Intraoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid diseases using laser autofluorescence spectroscopy // Laser Medicine - 2000. -v.4-v.4s.46-51)

This device works as follows: After access, intraoperative revision, preliminary assessment of the nature of the pathological process, the fiber optic catheter is brought to the surgical wound and is installed at right angles to the area of interest. In this case, it is necessary to achieve soft contact of the catheter with the test tissue. Then, within 3-4 seconds, the fluorescence spectrum is recorded from the selected point (zone of interest). From 3 to 7 different points are studied in a similar way. An important condition for taking measurements is dimming, i.e. absence of background light radiation in the spectral region by a perceived and analyzed spectrum analyzer. Data analysis is performed immediately using special software on the same apparatus as the study itself.

Also known is a device for spectral monitoring of the concentration of a photosensitizer, as well as monitoring blood oxygenation in vessels, containing a spectrometer including a polychromator with fiber-optic radiation input, in which a special filter, a photodiode array, a recording unit and an electronic computer (laser) are installed, a laser with a device input radiation into the fiber, a continuous-spectrum light source

and a fiber optic catheter including a laser delivery fiber, a continuous spectrum light source, and receiving fibers. When the known device is in operation, the radiation coming out of the laser is introduced by means of an input device into the optical fiber delivery fiber laser catheter and irradiates the test biological tissue. Loschenov V.B., R. Steiner. Working out of early diagnostic and control for the cancer treatment method with the use of photosensitiser of modeling action. Proceeding SPIE, vol. 2325, p. 144 (1994) / 1 /

This device works as follows: After access, intraoperative revision, preliminary assessment of the nature of the pathological process, the fiber optic catheter is brought to the surgical wound and is installed at right angles to the area of interest. In this case, it is necessary to achieve soft contact of the catheter with the test tissue. Then, within 3-4 seconds, the fluorescence spectrum is recorded from the selected point (zone of interest). From 3 to 7 different points are studied in a similar way. An important condition for taking measurements is dimming, i.e. the absence of background light radiation in the spectrum region perceived and analyzed

spectrum analyzer. Data analysis is carried out immediately using special software on the same apparatus as the study itself.

Common shortcomings of QTISX devices are: the inability to comply with the principles of aseptic and antiseptic methods when using the method in surgical practice; the need to attract specially trained personnel; and the need for complete dimming during measurements to obtain reliable results.

Closest to the proposed device is a spectral device for monitoring and monitoring the process of photodynamic therapy b of laser fluorescence diagnostics, containing a polychromator in a spectrometer with a fiber-optic input of radiation, in which a special filter is made, made narrow-band, with a ratio between the transmission coefficient at a wavelength laser radiation and the values of transmittance at wavelengths that differ from the wavelength of laser radiation by 30 nm or more, within (2,100) x 104, a recording unit, a computer, a laser with a wavelength exceeding 600 nm, with a device for inputting laser radiation into a fiber containing a filter whose ratio is between the values of the transmittance at the wavelength of the laser radiation and the transmittance values at wavelengths exceeding the wavelength of laser radiation by 30 nm or more, is not less than 20. In addition, a light source with a continuous spectrum

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contains a transmission filter in which the ratio between the values of transmittance in the spectral range 520 - 590 nm and the values of transmittance at wavelengths equal to or greater than the length of the laser radiation is not less. (Loshchenov V.V., Meerovich G.A., Stratonikov A.A. - RF Patent RU 2169590 C1 IPC A61N 5/06 dated 06/27/2001)

This device operates as follows: the radiation coming out of the laser is introduced by means of an input device into the optical fiber delivery fiber laser catheter and irradiates the studied biological tissue. At the same time, part of the laser radiation is reflected and scattered by the studied biological tissue and enters the receiving fibers, and from their exit, into the fiber-optic input of the spectrometer’s polychromator radiation, and the other part is absorbed by the biological tissue. Laser radiation absorbed by biological tissue causes its fluorescence due to the presence of a photosensitizer. The radiation spectrum of biological tissue lies in the longer wavelength range compared to laser radiation. The fluorescent radiation of the biological tissue also enters the receiving fibers, and from their output, into the fiber-optic input of the radiation of the polychromator of the spectrometer. Thus, the spectral system of the polychromator, and after spectral decomposition on the photodiode array, simultaneously receives the laser radiation reflected and scattered from the biological tissue and the fluorescent radiation of the biological tissue

(several orders of magnitude) differing in intensity. The signal of the photodiode array corresponding to the spectrum of the reflected radiation enters the registration unit, and from there in digital form to the computer, where it is processed according to a special algorithm and displayed on the computer monitor screen in the form of digital or graphic data.

After access, intraoperative revision, preliminary assessment of the nature of the pathological process, the fiber optic catheter is brought to the surgical wound and is installed at right angles to the area of interest. In this case, it is necessary to achieve soft contact of the catheter with the test tissue. Then, within 3-4 seconds, the fluorescence spectrum is recorded from the selected point

(areas of interest). From 3 to 7 different points are studied in a similar way.

An important condition for taking measurements is dimming, i.e. absence of background light radiation in the spectral region by a perceived and analyzed spectrum analyzer.

Data analysis is carried out immediately using special software on the same apparatus as the study itself.

The disadvantages of this known device are:

 when used in surgical practice, it is significantly difficult to comply with the principles of asepsis during intraoperative spectroscopy, because recording data on a PC is not available to the surgeon directly performing the measurement;

the need to attract an assistant who owns the methodology and does not participate in the operation to register and record indicators on a PC using the PC keyboard;

it is difficult to achieve coordinated actions in the "surgeon -" assistant system, given the low resistance of chemicals, in particular endogenous porphyrins, to laser radiation, which introduces an error in the measurements;

when using the device during laparoscopic operations, it is necessary to completely turn off the endoscopic illuminator during the study since this is a prerequisite for obtaining reliable results;

since the Y-shaped multichannel fiber optic catheter is flexible, it is difficult to maintain a right angle between it (which is necessary to obtain reliable results) and a deeply located tissue during endoscopic and abdominal operations.

The task of developing a utility model was to eliminate the above disadvantages of the known device.

The problem is solved by the proposed utility model consisting of a spectrometer (1), including a polychromator (2) with fiber-optic radiation input (3), containing a filter (4), attenuating the intensity of the scattered laser radiation coming to the photodiode array (5), the recording unit (6) and personal computer (7), laser

(8) with a device (9) for introducing laser radiation into a fiber containing a transmission filter (10), a continuous spectrum light source (11) with a transmission filter (12), and a fiber optic catheter (13) including a laser delivery fiber (14) radiation fiber

(15) delivery of radiation from a continuous-spectrum light source and receiving optical fibers (16), a control unit consisting of a stationary part (17) connected to the input / output ports of a personal computer and a removable part (18) made hermetically and having a connector at one end matched with the connector of the part (17), at the other end there is a brush (19), of the replaceable nozzle of Fig. 2, onto a fiber optic catheter containing a channel

(1) corresponding to the diameter of the optical fiber and having cuffs of opaque elastic material on the end surfaces (2). The control unit can be made in the form of a button, pedal, or other device remote control circuit

(wireless remote control).

In accordance with the schematic diagram, the trigger makes it possible to remotely control the operation of the spectroscope and record data. In the execution of part 18, suitable for sterilization treatment, all actions directly related to the study can be performed by the operating surgeon without the participation of an assistant in compliance with all principles of asepsis. And increasing the accuracy of measurements and improving the convenience of their work by the operating surgeon using a replaceable nozzle on a fiber optic catheter allows for more accurate

observe the position of the catheter (relative to the surface on which the effect is made), as well as eliminates exposure to incident radiation from the observed surface of the tissue and avoid the need for the procedure without lighting.

Recommended Key Features:

1. The control unit (wired version) of figure 1:

hermetic design of the removable part (18);

the presence at one end of the removable part (18) of a connector coordinated with the connector of the stationary part (17), connected by a signal wire of at least 2 meters in length with a trigger (19) represented by a button, a group of buttons, a pedal or contact group;

the stationary part (17) is the same for all versions and contains a connector on one end of the signal wire that matches the connector located on the removable part (18), and a connector on the other end of the signal wire for connecting to the input / output ports of a personal computer (DIN , PS2, LPT, COM, USB, etc.)

2. The control unit (wireless version), made in the form of a remote control unit that controls the device via a radio channel or using a transmitter in the infrared range.

3. A replaceable nozzle of FIG. 2 on a fiber optic catheter containing a channel (1) corresponding to the diameter of the fiber optic fiber and having cuffs on the end surfaces made of opaque, elastic material (2),

made of medical materials and suitable for disinfection and sterilization treatment. The proposed utility model allows you to:

1. use the facility for laser fluorescence spectroscopy intraoperatively, which significantly expands the use of spectroscopy in clinical practice;

2. to make the necessary measurements directly by the operating surgeon, which allows to obtain more accurate indicators, eliminating the time delays in the link "surgeon -" assistant, etc. not to introduce additional errors in the measurements;

3. eliminate the need for training an assistant who knows the method of laser fluorescence spectroscopy, and thus increase the accuracy of measurements and the convenience of their operation by the operating surgeon;

4. when using a replaceable nozzle on a fiber optic catheter, it is more accurate to observe the position of the catheter (relative to the surface on which the effect is made), which is significantly complicated due to the insufficient stiffness of the fiber, as well as eliminating the incident radiation from the observed tissue surface and avoiding the need for the procedure without lighting, which increases the convenience and accuracy of measurements.

Claims (3)

1. A device for controlling and monitoring the process of photodynamic therapy and laser fluorescence diagnostics, comprising a spectrometer including a polychromator with fiber-optic radiation input, in which a special filter is installed that attenuates the intensity of the scattered laser radiation, a recording unit, a personal computer, a laser with a wavelength, exceeding 600 nm, with a device for introducing laser radiation into a fiber, a continuous spectrum light source, a fiber optic catheter, including a laser delivery fiber radiation, a continuous-spectrum light source radiation delivery fiber and receiving optical fibers, characterized in that it further comprises a control unit having a stationary part connected to the input / output ports of a personal computer and a removable part made hermetically and having a connector matched at one end with a stationary part connector, a trigger on the other end, and also contains a replaceable nozzle on a fiber optic catheter having a channel with its diameter corresponding to the diameter of the fiber optic optical fiber, and having cuffs on the end surfaces made of opaque elastic material. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the trigger can be made in the form of a button, pedal or group of contacts. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a wireless version of the control unit, made in the form of a remote control that controls the device via a radio channel or using a transmitter in the infrared range.