RU34603U1 - Window unit - Google Patents

Description

20Q3120173

Pilllllijir-

The proposed technical solution relates to the field of construction, namely, to the design of window blocks from structural combined glued material and to be used in window designs with various types of glazing for the construction of residential and public energy-efficient buildings, buildings of different climatic zones, regions of the North and the Far North.

The traditional material for making windows is wood, mainly pine.

The disadvantage of wooden window structures is that wood has a rather low coefficient of thermal conductivity (, 18 W / mK). Through windows made of wood, the greatest heat loss occurs (up to 30% of the total heat loss of buildings). Wooden window elements are thermal bridges for the building envelope, since the relatively high thermal conductivity of the tree and the small geometric dimensions of the cross sections determine their low thermal resistance, which reduces the overall thermal protection of buildings.

With the traditional dimensions of the window frame and sash (80 mm), their thermal resistance is 0.5-0.6. To obtain thermal resistance of a window of the order of the thickness of the box and sash should be 180 mm, which, of course, is unacceptable in terms of dimensions, weight and cost of such a window.

E 06 in 3/00 WINDOW BLOCK

Wooden windows do not satisfy both the high requirements for thermal insulation and sound insulation and the requirements for them in terms of strength and durability.

The most common are metal-wood windows. The metal shell protects the tree from adverse weather conditions, rotting, does not require periodic painting, inevitable for ordinary wooden windows.

The disadvantages of these windows include low heat-insulating properties and a large mass.

Currently, another variety of combination windows has begun to be used. These are window profiles consisting of three materials: wood (decorative function), plastic (heat protection) and metal (weather protection). Their advantage is the ability to combine the beneficial properties of various materials in one design. The disadvantage is the high price.

A known design of the window unit, in which the profile elements are made from blanks of a glued laminated structure, using one layer of wood and a second layer of recycled polyurethane material - polyurethane granulate 1.

The disadvantage of this design is that the low thermal conductivity of wood (0.18 W / mK) and polyurethane granulate (0.07 W / mK) used in the blanks of the layered structure for the manufacture of the window block do not provide the required thermal resistance of the window block, heat-shielding properties and sound absorption.

The problem is achieved in that in a window unit containing a window box and at least one window sash made of blanks of a layered structure, the window box and the sash are made of structural composite glued material consisting of at least three layers Each of its two outer layers is made, for example, of wood or metal, and at least one of the inner layers is made of rigid polyurethane foam with a thermal conductivity of 0.03-0.05 W / mK and an apparent density not less than 200 kg / m or from composite filled polyurethane foam, or from slow-burning polyurethane foam.

To compare the thermophysical characteristics of a window made of a combined glued wood-polyurethane-wood material with the characteristics of a conventional wooden window, a temperature distribution was calculated in the cross section of both types of windows and their thermal resistance was determined. The calculated value of the thermal resistance of the wooden window turned out to be 0.602. The value of the thermal resistance of the window from the combined glued material wood-polyurethane-wood was calculated to be 1 ,.

When conducting thermotechnical tests of a prototype window by the heat flux density, the following results were obtained:

thermal resistance of the box - 1,592m K / W;

sash thermal resistance - 1.03m K / W; thermal resistance of a double-glazed window, - 0,88. The total thermal resistance of the window was - 1 ,. The technical solution is illustrated by the drawing, where: presented:.:. - design of the WINDOW unit (in section).

The window unit / consists of window box 1, window sash 2, double-glazed window 3. Window box 1 and window sash 2 are made of structural composite glued material 2 of a layered structure consisting of three layers. In the first embodiment of the window block, each of the two outer layers of the layered preform is made of, for example, wood, and one of the inner layers is made of rigid polyurethane foam with a thermal conductivity of 0.03-0.05 W / mK. and an apparent density of 200-700 kg / m. In the second embodiment of the window block, each of the two outer layers of the layered blank is made of, for example, wood, and one of the inner layers is made of composite filled polystyrene foam. In the third embodiment of the window block, each of the two outer layers of the layered preform is made, for example, of wood, and one of the inner layers is made of slow-burning polyurethane foam. The physical characteristics of filled polyurethane foam and slow-burning polyurethane foam are not inferior to the physical characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam.

The window box 1 and the window sash 2 forming the window block are mainly made from the respective blanks by cutting processing. The blanks already have a layered structure corresponding to future profile window elements and can be prepared in the form of standard length elements.

The presence of such a polymeric material as polyurethane foam, whose physical characteristics (density, mechanical strength) can vary within wide limits while maintaining a low value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity (A, 0.03-0.05 W / mK) allows you to use this material as an integral element window details. Given the fact that polyurethane foam is easy to process and well

glues with wood, the technology for manufacturing window parts using polyurethane foam is practically no different from the technology for manufacturing a wooden window. In addition, if a design is adopted as a blank design for the manufacture of window parts, in which a polyurethane foam block replaces the middle wooden block in a glued three-layer blank, then the exterior of a wooden-polyurethane-wood composite window will look purely wooden while improving operational properties.

The use of rigid polyurethane foam, which has lower thermal conductivity, as an inner layer in the laminated composite material, allows to increase the heat-insulating ability of the window unit. The strength of polyurethane foam can be increased by recycling it with the addition of organic or inorganic fillers such as paper, cellulose, sawdust, straw, linen, fiberglass, perlite, expanded clay, foam glass and similar mineral-based products. Therefore, in one embodiment of a window unit in a bonded three-layer preform, one of the inner layers is made of filled polyurethane foam. To increase the fire safety of the window block in one embodiment, in a bonded three-layer blank one of the inner layers is made of slow-burning polyurethane foam.

Each of the types of polyurethane foam used to produce blanks for the manufacture of a window block is temperature-resistant, easy to process on woodworking machines, glues well with wood and other materials, toxicologically.

hygienically, biologically harmless, resistant to mold, bayeterium, rot.

Window frames and sashes made of structural material of combined glued (wood-polyurethane-wood) have high strength, low thermal conductivity, good heat and sound insulation properties, durability, lower weight while maintaining dimensions due to the execution of the inner layer of the combined material from any type of sintered polyurethane foam . The heat-insulating properties of a window block made of structural materials such as wood, metal, and plastic are inferior to the heat-insulating properties of a window block. made of confluent material combined glued. Due to its application, it is possible to obtain a combination of strength properties, for example, wood with heat-insulating properties of polyurethane foam, which is especially important in the case of manufacturing windows for energy-efficient buildings; buildings of the regions of the North and the Far North, to which high demands are made for their heat-shielding properties.

Sources of information;

1. Patent DE No. 19648235 AL MKI R / V B 3/20 (prototype).

2. Decision on the grant of patent No. 2 () () 2 () 284 of 02/07/2003.

Deputy Director Institute of NIPTI

Claims (1)

A window unit comprising a window box and at least one window sash made of blanks of a layered structure, characterized in that the window box and the sash are made of structural composite glued material consisting of at least three layers, each of its two outer layers is made, for example, of wood or metal, and at least one of the inner layers is made of rigid polyurethane foam with a thermal conductivity of 0.03-0.05 W / mK and an apparent density of at least 200 kg / ³ or from structural composite filled with polyurethane foam or polyurethane foam of difficultly.