RU34568U1 - ARCHED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION WITH DOUBLE WALL - Google Patents

Description

2003125759

 ; 1SHYR1ICHLCH

ARCHED CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION WITH DOUBLE WALL

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The invention relates to general purpose building structures, to structures not determined by the wall structure, namely, to vaulted building structures.

State of the art

Known vaulted building design, made in the form of a single wall formed by a reinforced concrete shell of a spherical shape (USSR Author's Certificate No. 5111411, IPC EV 1/32, Bull. No. 15, 1976).

Signs of a known design, coinciding with the signs of the declared valuable model, are the presence of a reinforced concrete shell of a spherical shape.

The reason that impedes obtaining a technical result in a known construction, which is provided by a useful model, is that the wall of the structure is single.

The closest analogue (prototype) for the claimed building structure is a vaulted building structure made in the form of a wall formed by a reinforced concrete shell of a spherical shape (US Patent No. 4324074, IPC Е04В 1/34, 1982).

Signs of a known design, coinciding with the features of the claimed utility model, are the presence of a reinforced concrete shell of a spherical shape.

IPC E04V 1/32

The reason that prevents obtaining a technical result in a known design, which is provided by a useful model, is to make a single wall of the structure.

Utility Model Disclosure

The problem the utility model aims to solve is to increase the strength of the structure while reducing its weight.

The technical result, which mediates the solution of this problem, is to perform a wall of a structure of two load-bearing shells separated by cells with a hollow core (double wall).

A technical result is achieved in a building structure in that the structure is made in the form of external and internal bearing shells interconnected by spacers, while cells with a hollow core are located between said shells, and a polymer coating with brackets fixed in it is located on the outer surface of the external bearing shell by which the polymer coating and the outer supporting shell are interconnected.

A technical result in the construction is also achieved by the fact that a texture coating is applied to the outer surface of the polymer coating.

The technical result in the construction is also achieved by the fact that an elastic membrane is located on the outer surface of the polymer coating, the outer surface of which is coated with a texture.

by means of struts of the outer and inner bearing shells, between which cells with a hollow core are located, and on the outer surface of the outer bearing shell there is a polymer coating with brackets fixed in it, by means of which the polymer coating and the outer bearing shell are interconnected.

Short description of the diagrams

In FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a vaulted building structure 1 in a perspective view; FIG. 2 shows a fragment of a cross section of a double wall of a structure; in FIG. 3 shows separately the bracket 6, with FIG. For shows a General view of the bracket 6 in a perspective view, and in FIG. 3b, one tooth 16 of the plate 14 of the bracket 6 is shown in large detail (four teeth 16 in total and they are located at the corners of the plate 14), namely, a fragment of the angle of the plate 14 of the bracket 6 from the side opposite to the location of the rod 17 is shown.

Utility Model Implementation

The vaulted building structure has the shape of a vaulted building 1 of a circular shape in plan, determined by the shape of the foundation (not shown). Moreover, in its finished form, the building has means of access to it in the form, for example, of a doorway 2 (Fig. 1).

The wall of the structure is double and includes an elastic membrane 3, texture coating 4, polymer coating 5, suspension brackets 6, outer 7 and inner 8 load-bearing shells, the first 9 and second 10 fittings, spacers 11, as well as plastic pipes 12, forming cells 13 with hollow core (Fig. 2). In this case, the dual nature of the wall is determined by the presence of two load-bearing shells connected to each other - external 7 and internal 8.

The elastic membrane 3 is made of polyvinyl chloride fabric. A texture coating 4 is applied to the outer surface of the membrane 3 to protect said membrane. The polymer coating 5 is made of polyurethane and applied to the membrane 3 in its design (inflated) position on its inner surface. The brackets 6 are fixed in the polymer coating 5 and provide the connection of the polymer coating 5 with the outer bearing shell 7 located on the inner side of the polymer coating 5. To the brackets 6 is attached the first reinforcement 9 located inside the outer bearing shell 7 made of shotcrete. Moreover, the first reinforcement 9 is formed by interconnected horizontal 9a and vertical 9b reinforcing bars. To the brackets 6 and / or to the first reinforcement 9 are also attached with their first ends of the strut I. To the second ends of the struts 11 is attached a second reinforcement 10, which is located inside the inner supporting shell 8 made of shotcrete. In this case, the second reinforcement 10 is formed by interconnected horizontal 10a and vertical lOb reinforcing bars (Fig. 2).

As for the brackets 6, each of them contains a metal plate 14, having transverse through holes 15 and teeth 16 located at the corners of the plate, and a rod 17 attached to the plate 14 in its center and perpendicular to it. In this case, the teeth 16 and the rod 17 have the opposite orientation relative to the plate 14 (Fig. 3).

The construction of a vaulted double-walled building structure is as follows.

The construction of the vaulted structure 1 begins with the foundation (the foundation is not shown in the figures). After the site has been prepared, “the wall formwork of the foundation ring is cut directly into

priming. The diameter of the foundation ring must be maintained precisely, since the prefabricated elastic membrane must clearly sit on the foundation ring. The distance between the steel reinforcing bars inside the formwork of the foundation ring is determined by the weight of the vaulted structure 1, the strength of the reinforcing bars of the foundation, as well as the climate of the region and the quality of the soil on which the structure 1 is being built.

Then the concrete floor is laid (not shown in the figures). To do this, a vapor barrier is laid on top of the sealed surface. A layer of polyurethane foam 25.4 mm thick is applied over the vapor barrier layer. The density of polyurethane foam is 31 kg / m3. As soon as the layer of polyurethane foam becomes strong, a layer of sand is applied on top of it. After the sand is applied, the conduit and water supply are arranged. As soon as this engineering communications network is located, the core structure of the reinforcing bars with a diameter of 9.5 mm is laid in accordance with the 1.2 m x 1.2 m pattern in the center, while at the intersection the rods are raised by 25.4 mm - 50 mm. Foam blocks are usually used through which a U-shaped wire passes, which in turn secures the lap reinforcement bars of the foundation and firmly attaches them to the ground. From above, reinforcing mesh No. 3 is applied to this layer according to the scheme 150 mm X 150 mm, to which all pipes of underfloor heating are fastened with nylon clamps.

After that, an elastic membrane 3 is attached to the foundation ring, which is used as an Air Form membrane manufactured in the USA. The membrane is brought to the construction site in whole or in two parts, depending on the size of the membrane. Sometimes the entire membrane is not included in the transport container. In such cases, two halves of the membrane are brought in, which are then welded in place.

The “Air Form” membrane used as an inflatable formwork is made of polyester fabric (Valmex trademark), on which a polyvinyl chloride coating is applied on top. The Valmeks fabric can be reinforced with either nylon or fiberglass. For smaller domes, nylon is usually used, and for larger domes, fiberglass is used, since it stretches less. The finish can be either varnished (i.e. glossy) or not varnished (matte). The material is environmentally friendly. Width and thickness; the material may vary depending on the size of the dome. The “Air-Form” membrane is made in the USA to order in the form of rolls of 14.6 mx 17 m., Which are welded at high temperature. At the bottom of the membrane, marks are made in places of 90, 180, 240 and 360 degrees. This helps installers to correctly determine the placement of the membrane on the foundation ring.

Before the membrane is deployed, it is necessary to bend all the protruding inward; upward the vertical reinforcing bars of the foundation (not shown), so as not to damage the membrane. The membrane is pulled onto the foundation ring and attached to the outer wall of the ring foundation using channels with a length of 152 mm, a crowd of 6.4 mm, a width of 76 mm and a height of 152 mm. (Not shown). To do this, a hole is drilled in the center of each channel through which a threaded reinforcing rod passes, coming from the foundation ring at a level of 64 mm below the height of the outer surface of the ring. After the membrane is tensioned on the outer diameter of the ring, and the rope sewn into the membrane is lower than the lower edge of the channel, a hole or cut is made in the membrane so that the aforementioned threaded reinforcing rod can be inserted. Sometimes it makes sense not to use such fittings l «l 5ij X 5

a rod when, for example, the membrane is so small that it cannot be stretched in any way so as to include threaded reinforcing bars that will extend 89 mm beyond the outer ring of the ring foundation,

After the elastic membrane 3 is fixed on the foundation, it can be inflated in order to install it in the design position.

The membrane 3 is inflated using a specially designed discharge pump (not shown), which allows you to limit the pressure of the air supplied to the membrane, otherwise the membrane may stretch excessively and not meet its designed size. Typically, 30-35% higher atmospheric pressure is created to inflate the membrane. To do this, use a powerful discharge pump supplied by Monolithic Constractors Ink (Monolithic Constructor Inc., USA),

In addition, the membrane 3 is designed so that an air lock is created in it, so that people and equipment can enter and exit the membrane during inflation. At the same time, some devices, such as hoists and a boom-robot, must be placed in places on the mounting platform of the dome before deploying and inflating the membrane.

After the membrane 3 is inflated (that is, it is installed in the design position), a polymer coating 5 is created on the inner surface of the membrane 3 with the brackets 6 fixed in it. To do this, use polyurethane with a density of 40 kg / m, which is applied by spraying, B depending on the temperatures inside and outside the dome 1, additional preparation of the inner surface of the membrane 3 may be required. Sometimes, on the inner surface of the membrane 3 it is necessary to spray a chemical substance that will get rid of any traces of moisture on it th surface, In other situations you can

do without it. The determining factor here will be the property of adhesion of the polyurethane to the surface of the membrane. In this case, sprayed polyurethane foam of the Izur-3030 brand with a density of the first

by

LAYER 42 kg / m and the density of the second layer 39 kg / m (compressive strength 210 kg / m). The preparation of polyurethane foam occurs by mixing the two components of A&B and a catalyst. The catalyst (K) is 6% of component A. The components are packaged in a metal 200 liter container, and the weight of component A in a 200-liter container is 180 kg, and the weight of component B (in a similar container) is 250 kg. The catalyst is packaged in a 5-liter container. The components are mixed in the following; their proportions: by weight A / B + K / B - 1 / 1.4, by volume A / B + K / B 1 / 1.5. These characteristics are given for polyurethane foam brand "Izur-ZOZO, manufactured by freon-free technology, which meets the environmental requirements of the Western European Union. The FSUE Perm Plant named after S.M. Kirov (production "Urethane). All products are certified.

Before applying polyurethane foam, it is necessary to close all the places where windows, doors and / or cut-outs will be located with special foam-plastic frames (see, for example, position 2 in Fig. 1). After the foam has been attached to the 3 “Air-Form” membrane using a contact adhesive, ZM, you can begin to apply polyurethane foam. “ZM is a company that manufactures 125 different types of contact adhesive, which is used for bonding fabrics, plastics, glass, metal, etc. С Slice No. 77 is used for bonding smooth and flat surfaces of any materials.

The creation of a polymer coating 5 on the inner surface of furniture 3 (Air-Form membranes) is carried out by applying several layers of polyurethane foam. When applying the first layer of polystyrene foam, its thickness can fluctuate as a whole in the range from 19 mm to 25.4 mm.

This layer should cover the entire inner surface of the membrane 3 before the second layer can be applied. When applying the second layer, the polyurethane foam mixture is tinted with a different color (for example, green) so that the operator can easily determine where he did not apply the second layer of polyurethane foam. As a dye for polyurethane, a tinted concentrated resin is used, which is usually added to a mixture of two components. The dye is added to the container with component A, as a result of which the compliance coefficient of the components is not violated. The second layer of polyurethane foam should be applied within the same thickness; other than the first - from 19 mm to 25.4 mm. So, after the total thickness of the applied polyurethane foam is from 38 mm to 50 mm, it will be possible to mount the hanging brackets 6 of light metal. For this, the brackets 6 with their plates 14 with holes 15 and protrusions 16 are firmly pressed into the surface of the polyurethane foam with just a push of a hand.

The brackets 6 are specially designed to correctly position not only the horizontal reinforcing bars 9a of the first reinforcement 9, but also indicate the estimated thickness of the last layer of polyurethane foam and the final level to which the shotcrete is to be applied 7. The individual locations of the brackets 6 are determined by the general design of dome 1 , and for their physical placement, a laser pointer (not shown) is used, rotating at different levels, starting from the top of dome 1. After the horizontal line is directed (designed) on the inner wall of the dome 1 and at the same time a vertical line will be designed, the worker will be able to physically attach the suspension bracket 6 by clicking on it directly at the intersection of the laser projections. After the completion of the attachment of all the suspension brackets 6, it will be possible to carry out the final application of polyurethane foam.

The last layers of polyurethane foam are tinted with some other color and applied so as to bring the total thickness to a certain mark on the rod 17 of the bracket 6, which is determined in advance by the developer of each individual dome 1, as well as the height on which the bracket is fixed inside the dome. The method of determining the correct thickness of the polyurethane foam layer is critical for the dome design itself, as well as the intended location of the reinforcing bars 9a and 9b, which will be attached to the brackets 6 before spraying concrete 7.

To do this, first attach the horizontal reinforcing bars 9a of the first reinforcement 9, starting from zero. It is crucial that the reinforcing bars are not only attached at an appropriate distance from the polyurethane foam, but also that the reinforcing bars themselves are attached to the brackets 6 so that they do not move and do not move at all and at the stage of bonding the free ends of the rods to each other. This method will provide a situation where pressure is applied to the membrane, and not taken away from it.

Then fasten the vertical reinforcing bars 9b of the first reinforcement 9, starting also from zero level. Fastening is carried out using a wire at each section of the intersection of the rods, moving from bottom to top. It makes sense to loosely fix the upper part of vertically arranged reinforcing bars 9b until they make a lower fastener, moving in the direction from bottom to top, and then remove the initial weak fasteners.

At this stage, frame the openings in accordance with established rules or in accordance with the instructions in the drawings. In both cases, the reinforcing bars 9a and 9b will be

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secured with a wire so that the force of the spray applied sprayed concrete would not distort the location of the frame.

The next step after the external horizontal 9a and vertical 9b rods of the first reinforcement 9 are fully installed, is to fasten all the spacers 11 with their first ends to the first reinforcement 9 and / or to the brackets 6.

Then, a hardening building mixture is applied to the inner surface of the polymer coating 5 to form (after hardening) the outer bearing shell 7. In this case, shotcrete is used as the specified mixture.

Shotcrete is a mixed mortar of cement, sand, aggregate and water, which is applied to the surface at high speed. The force of the jet striking the surface compacts the material. A relatively dry mixture is used so that the material can support itself with minimal upset and fluidity even when applying the material on a vertical or ceiling surface. Cement, sand, aggregate and water are mixed using appropriate means, then pumped through a hose with a specially designed mortar pump. Application of material at high speed is achieved pneumatically by forcing compressed air through a nozzle. Portland cement is used as cement, which meets the requirements of the Portland Cement Association specifications for types I, II, III, IV or V. The type of cement used is usually determined by the requirements for the work performed, it is generally type I or II. The aggregate should be between 10% and 30% of the selection of the concrete mix. The filler can not be added when applying the last layer, if it is necessary to ensure a certain smoothness of the surface. In addition, the water / cement ratio should be between 0.41 and 0.48 with a check figure of 0.45. Can

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conduct an analysis to determine the cone draft (analysis of the determination of cone draft for mixtures of shotcrete is not reliable, but merely an indicator). Additives may also be used provided that they do not impair the density of the shotcrete and do not lead to corrosion of steel and concrete. In this case, the concrete of the outer bearing shell 7 must be periodically analyzed using a Windsor sensor. Analyzes should be carried out on the 7th, 14th and 28th day as directed by the representative of the customer. The analysis is carried out by the contractor for the construction of the dome using the equipment of the contractor; During the analysis, a customer representative is always present. In this case, the customer may request an alternative analysis. From samples prepared specifically for analysis, or from the building under construction, you can cut cubes or drill cylindrical concrete samples with a minimum diameter of concrete. Samples of shotcrete for analysis are continuously applied to plywood formwork to the required block height. The size of the blocks should be such that 9 cubes or cylinders can be cut from each for analysis. During each day of work, one sample of shotcrete is made for analysis. Four cubes or cylinders should be cut from each shotcrete block 7 days after application. Two cubes or cylinders are tested for seven-day strength. The remaining two undergo analysis on the 28th day. The remaining blocks of shotcrete are maintained and stored after a 28-day analysis until the engineer informs the contractor in writing that additional analyzes are no longer required. All shotcrete concrete samples must be numbered and dated accordingly, and the contractor will make a documentary record of the relative place of construction work for which they were prepared

j2lm 9

data is figurative. All samples of cubes or cylinders should be tight and without sand pockets,

To form the outer bearing shell 7, shotcrete is applied to the inner surface of the polymer coating 5 in a uniform and continuous flow. To do this (as far as possible), the nozzle must be held at about a right angle to the surface and at a distance corresponding to it in a manner that is determined by standards and depending on the application method, the nozzle model and the air pressure used. However, when applying shotcrete to steel bars of internal reinforcement 9, the right angle of application can be changed so that the material better fits the specified rods. When spraying concrete on, around, through and behind reinforcing bars, the person working with the nozzle must apply the material in its wettest condition and at least with such moisture that a minimum amount of shotcrete is accumulated on the reinforcing bars.

The formation of the outer bearing surface 7 is carried out by layer-by-layer spraying of concrete. In this case, it is necessary to leave enough time for each layer so that the shotcrete concrete has time to set and it is possible to apply a trace of a thin layer without settling. When applied, shotcrete should be wet enough to fit correctly in the corners. To ensure proper filling of corners and recesses with shotcrete, its first layers should be as humid as possible, but at the same time dry enough to minimize settlement. In addition, the interior of room 1 must be closed to prevent the loss of water vapor. In hot and dry weather, the room can be kept closed for up to 30 days to achieve standard strength with concrete.

thirteen

At the end of the formation of the outer bearing shell 7 on its inner surface are pipes 12 designed to form cells 13 with a hollow core. For this, the pipes are attached with a wire to the spacers 11 and / or to the first reinforcement 9, to which the specified wire is pre-tied (until the formation of the outer supporting shell 7). In this case, the pipes 12 are arranged vertically.

After that, the second reinforcement 10 (horizontal 10a and vertical lOb rods) is attached to the second (free) ends of the spacers 11 in the same way that the first reinforcement 9 was previously fixed.

Then, a hardening building mixture is applied to this second reinforcement 10, covering the tubes 12 and the second reinforcement 10, to form (after hardening) the inner supporting shell 8. Moreover, the mixture is also used in concrete, which is applied according to the technology described above to form the outer bearing shell 7.

Pa this process of construction of the vaulted structure basically ends. Finally, a texture coating 4 is applied to the outer surface of the membrane 3, which performs a protective function. In another embodiment, said text) a coating 4 is applied to the outer surface of the polymer coating 5 from which the membrane 3 is previously removed. In addition, upon completion of the erection of the structure 1, the pipes 12 can be removed by pulling them down. In any embodiment, the formed cells 13 with a hollow core can be used to accommodate various communications.

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Claims (4)

1. A vaulted construction with a double wall, which is made in the form of interconnected by spacers of the outer and inner bearing shells, while between these shells there are cells with a hollow core, and on the outer surface of the outer bearing shell there is a polymer coating with brackets fixed in it by which the polymer coating and the outer supporting shell are interconnected. 2. The vaulted building structure according to claim 1, in which a texture coating is applied to the outer surface of the polymer coating. 3. The vaulted building structure according to claim 1, in which on the outer surface of the polymer coating is an elastic membrane. 4. The vaulted building structure according to claim 3, in which a texture coating is applied to the outer surface of the elastic membrane.