RU28545U1 - Pulse Photometer - Google Patents

Description

PULSE PHOTOMETER

The proposed utility model relates to instrumentation, namely to the technique of measuring photometric parameters and can be used at aerodromes to measure the optical characteristics of the atmosphere when determining the visibility of light landmarks of the runway during the meteorological support of aviation at the aerodrome.

At present, the visibility of high-altitude landmarks in the bright part of the day is determined by measuring atmospheric transparency with subsequent conversion of the transmittance T to the meteorological range of visibility using the Koshmider formula 1. Non-self-luminous landmarks cannot be visually detected in the dark part of the day even with good transparency of the atmosphere. The landmarks of the runway in the dark are high-intensity lights (AFI). In addition to the light transmittance T, data are needed on the brightness of the surrounding background. In this case, the Allar formula 1 is used.

The light transmittance at the aerodrome is measured using transmission meters - basic photometers containing a radiation source and a light receiver, optically coupled through the medium being measured, spatially limited by the measuring length

Base B. The brightness of the surrounding background is measured by bright meters, which are installed in close proximity to the high school and are oriented to the northern part of the sky.

To calculate the range of visibility of runway lights, use the formulas:

/ V (

LgE 0.887 lgL-6.95

where: E is the threshold of light sensitivity of the eye; L is the brightness according to the brightness meter (cd / m); T - transparency of the atmosphere according to the transmission meter

(Oh ... 100%)

B is the length of the measuring base of the device; R is the range of visibility of runway lights;

I - the light intensity of the high-voltage fire (usually three levels of brightness are used.

The values of I (runway light intensity) and R (range of visibility) in formula (1) are functionally interconnected, therefore, iteration algorithms are used to determine R. (2); h

is its complexity and the associated high cost. An example is the set of equipment described in 2. In addition, to calculate R, it is necessary to enter (manually) the value I in the computer, which does not provide the required level of automation of observations of visibility at the aerodrome. Without introducing the value I into the computer, the nature of the information at the output of the described set of equipment is incomplete, the autonomy of its work in the dark is not provided. The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution is a pulsed photometer 3, comprising a pulsed light source with a lens, a reflector optically coupled through a measured medium with a protective glass located along the optical beam, a receiving mirror, a beam splitter plate, the first photoconverter with a field diaphragm, located in the focal plane of the receiving mirror and the second photoconverter with a field diaphragm, which is installed between the receiving mirror and the beam splitter hydrochloric plate in the reflected focal plane mirror receiving the outputs of the first and second solar cells are connected to first and second inputs of the processing unit of measuring information, respectively, the output of which is connected to the indicator lights brightness runway (WFP). v The pulse photometer is supplemented by an indicator of the meteorological range of visibility and an indicator of the range of visibility of the lights of the runway, the measurement data processing unit contains a chronizer, an amplitude value converter, three logarithmic converters, a reverse logarithmic converter, a scale amplifier, an adder-calculator, a comparator, a switch and the reference voltage source, while the first input of the amplitude converter is the first input of processing of the measurement information and is connected with the output of the first photoconverter, the first input of the first logarithmic converter is the second input of the measuring information processing unit and is connected to the output of the second photoconverter, the chronizer, the amplitude converter, the second logarithmic converter, a scale amplifier, calculator-adder, and a comparator connected in series, the second output of the amplitude converter is connected to the inverse logarithmic the converter, the output of which is the first output of the measuring information processing unit, and connected to the meteorological range indicator, the second output of the chronizer is the second output of the measuring information processing unit and is connected to a pulsed light source, the third output of the chronizer is connected to the second input of the logarithmic converter, output / 6 / fC

U) o; L e-ffo of which is connected to the input of the adder-calculator, the output of the latter is the third output of the measuring information processing unit and connected to the runway light indicator, the output of the comparator through a switch and the third logarithmic converter is connected to the third input of the adder-calculator, the control input of the scale amplifier is connected to the input of the third logarithmic converter and is the fourth output of the measuring information processing unit, which is connected to the range indicator and runway visibility, the second input switch is connected to a reference voltage source, a second input of the comparator is a third input of the measuring information processing unit. The pedad of the known device is the incomplete autonomy of the measurement information processing, since in order to get a result on the runway lights visibility indicator, it is necessary to obtain information from the dispatcher about the switched on brightness level of the lights at the third input of the measurement information processing unit. This information can only be entered manually. The main task, which the utility model is aimed at, is to ensure the autonomy of the device and the completeness of the information received. To solve this problem, a pulsed photometer is proposed, which, like the prototype, contains a pulsed light source with a lens, a reflector optically coupled through a measured medium with

located along the optical beam with a protective glass, a receiving mirror, a beam splitter plate, a first photoconverter with a field diaphragm located in the focal plane of the receiving mirror and a second photo converter with a field diaphragm, which is installed between the receiving mirror and the beam splitter plate in the reflected focal plane of the receiving mirror, the outputs of the first and the second photoconverters are connected to the first and second inputs of the measuring information processing unit, respectively, the output is It is connected to the brightness indicator of the runway lights and contains a chronizer, an amplitude converter, three logarithmic converters, a reverse logarithmic converter, a scale amplifier, a calculator, a comparator, a switch and a voltage reference, the first input of the amplitude converter is the first input of the measurement processing unit information and is connected with the output of the first photoconverter, the input of the first logarithmic converter is the second input of the measuring information processing unit and is connected to the output of the second photoconverter, while the chronizer, the converter

amplitude values, a second logarithmic converter, a scale amplifier, an adder-calculator and a comparator are connected in series, the second output of the amplitude values converter is connected to the inverse logarithmic

the converter, the output of which is the first output of the measuring information processing unit, the second output of the chronizer is the second output of the measuring information processing unit and is connected to a pulsed light source, the third output of the chronizer is connected to the second input of the logarithmic converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the adder-calculator, the output of the last is the third output of the measuring information processing unit, the output of the comparator through a switch and the third logarithmic pre photoelectret connected to the third input of the calculator, the adder, a control input of scaling amplifier connected to the third input of the logarithmic converter and a fourth output of the processing unit of the measuring information, the second input switch is connected to a reference voltage source, a second input of the comparator is connected to third input of the measuring information processing unit.

Unlike the prototype, an information logical processing unit and an OR circuit are additionally introduced into a pulse photometer, while one of the inputs of the measurement information logical processing unit is connected to the output of the inverse logarithmic converter, its other input is connected to the output of the switch, and its third input is connected to the output of the calculator -adder, while one of its outputs is connected to the indicator of the brightness of the lights of the runway (VHS), and its other output is connected to the first input of the OR circuit. The essence of the utility model lies in the fact that, thanks to the introduction of the logical processing unit for the measurement information and the OR circuit, the autonomy of the device and the completeness of the received information about the range of visibility of the runway lights are achieved, since there is no need to manually enter information on the included brightness level of the runway lights. The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, in which figure 1 - shows a diagram of the proposed pulsed photometer. A pulsed photometer contains a pulsed light source 1 with a lens 2, a reflector 3, optically coupled through a measured medium 4 with a protective glass 5 located along the optical beam, a receiving mirror 6, a beam splitter plate 7, the first 8 and second 9 photoconverters installed in the focal planes of the receiving mirrors 6. Photoconverters 8 and 9 are equipped with field diaphragms D1 and D2. The outputs of the first 8 and second 9 photoconverters are connected to the first and second inputs of the measuring information processing unit 10, respectively. The processing information processing unit 10 comprises a chronizer 11, an amplitude value converter 12, three logarithmic converters 13, 14 and 15, a reverse logarithmic converter 16, a scale amplifier 17, an adder-calculator 18, a comparator 19, a switch 20 and a voltage reference source 21, brightness indicator

the lights of the runway noses (runway) 22, the logical processing unit of the measurement information 23 and the OR circuit 24.

The first input of the amplitude converter 12 is the first input of the measuring information processing unit 10 and is connected to the output of the first photoconverter 8. The first input of the first logarithmic converter 13 is the second input of the measuring information processing block 10 and is connected to the output of the second photoconverter 9. Chronizer 11, the amplitude converter 12, the second logarithmic converter 14, the scale amplifier 17, the adder 18 and the comparator 19 are connected in series . The second output of the amplitude value converter 12 is connected to the inverse logarithmic converter 16, the output of which is the first output of the measuring information processing unit 10 and is connected to the input S of the measuring information logical processing unit.

The second output of the synchronizer 11 is the second output of the measuring information processing unit 10 and is connected to a pulsed light source 1. The third output of the synchronizer 11 is connected to the second input of the first logarithmic converter 13, the output of which is connected to the second input of the adder 18, the output of the latter is the third output of the block processing the measurement information 10 and is connected to the input Igl of the logical processing unit of the measurement information 23. The output of the comparison device 19 through

TO

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switch 20 and the third logarithmic converter 15 is connected to the third input of the adder 18.

The control input of the scale amplifier 17 is connected to the input of the logarithmic converter 15 and is the fourth output of the measuring information processing unit 10. The second input of the switch 20 is connected to the reference voltage source 21. The second input of the comparison device 19 is connected to the third input of the measuring information processing unit 10 through the OR circuit 24.

One of its inputs, the block of logical processing of the measuring information 23 is connected to the output of the inverse logarithmic converter 16, the other input is connected to the output of the switch 20, and the third input is connected to the output of the calculator-adder 18, and one of its outputs is connected to the indicator of the brightness of the runway lights 22, and its other output is connected to the first input of the OR circuit 24.

The device operates as follows.

The light beam from the pulsed light source 1, passing through the lens 5, is formed into a narrow directional beam of light that passes through the protective glass 4, the measured medium 3 with a distance of 100 m to the reflector 2, is reflected from it, the measured medium 3 passes again, the protective glass 4 and hits the receiving mirror 6.

Through the beam splitting plate 7 and the field diaphragm D1, light pulses arrive at the first photoconverter 8. The area of the field diaphragm D1 of the first photoconverter 8 is small enough not to perceive the background radiation. On the contrary

the field aperture D2 of the second photoconverter 9 is large enough to confidently record the brightness of the background on which the reflector 2 is projected. According to the adopted scheme of such devices, the reflector 2 is mounted at a height of 5 meters above the ground, and the receiver unit at a height of 2 meters. Therefore, the reflector 2 is projected against the sky at the horizon, which meets the requirements of the methodology for measuring the brightness of the background at the aerohedrom.

The processing information processing unit 10 converts the electrical pulses at the output of the first photoconverter 8 using the amplitude value converter 12 into direct current, which is proportional to the light transmission coefficient of the medium T.

This signal is fed to the inverse-logarithmic converter 16, the output of which, which is the first output of the measuring information processing unit 10, is a signal in the form of electric pulses whose frequency is directly proportional to the meteorological range of visibility is fed to the input S of the logical unit for processing the measuring information 23.

Chronizer 11 generates pulses to control the operation of the pulsed light source 1 and converters 13 and 16. For this purpose, the amplitude converter 12 is made with a control input and is turned on only for the duration of the light pulse. The first logarithmic converter 13 is equipped with an electronic

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A KEY blocking its input for the duration of the light pulse. A constant current signal proportional to the light transmittance of the medium (T) from the output of the amplitude value converter 12 is supplied through the second logarithmic converter 14 and a scale amplifier 17 to the first input of the adder 18. The direct current signal proportional to the background brightness comes from the output of the second photoconverter 9 to the first logarithmic converter 13 and then to the input of the adder-calculator 11. The third input of the adder-adder And through the third logarithmic converter 15 is connected to the output of the switch 20. One input of the switch 20 is connected to a reference voltage source 21 with a control input, another switch input is connected to the output of the comparator 19, one input of which is connected to the output of the adder 18, the other input is connected to the third input of the measuring information processing unit 10 through circuit OR 24.

The calculator-adder 18 in position 2 of the switch 20, when it is connected to a source of reference voltage 21, performs the summation of the signals according to the formula:

LgI 2IgR + IgE-R / B) IgT; (3),

where: R is the value of the range of visibility of the lights, taken from the working minimum of the aerodrome;

o Formula (3) was obtained as a result of functional conversion of the Allar formula (1) and adopted for implementation in the proposed device. R is entered by setting the level of the reference voltage of the processing unit 10, which is controlled by the digital indicator of the range of visibility of the lights B1111. Due to the fact that in this case R is an input parameter and not an output parameter, as is customary for iteration calculations, it is possible to significantly simplify the calculation procedure. Moreover, I (Ig I) is, respectively, an output parameter, and not an input parameter, as is customary in the calculations by the iteration method. The calculated Igl value is compared in the block of logical processing of the measurement information with the Iglo (n) values recorded in the electronic memory. Usually, three values of Igloi, Iglo2, Iglo3 act in accordance with the brightness levels of the lights operating at a given aerodrome. The largest Iglo (n) value closest to Igl is selected from the electronic memory. The selected value is sent through the RCA circuit 24 to the comparator; its device 19 and through the switch 20 is returned to the logical processing unit 23 of the measuring information to input R. The calculated value RVR received at the input R of the block 23 is compared with the calculated value MDB received at the input S of the block 23 . The greater of the values of RVR and MDB through the output S of block 23 is supplied to the indicator 22.

These differences allow you to get the value of I autonomously, without entering from outside the information about the brightness of the turned-on high-frequency fire. In the position of the switch 20-1, when it is connected to the output of the comparing device 19, the device also allows, upon the request of the dispatcher, to calculate the visibility range R of the runway lights turned on by the dispatcher. To do this, to the input of the OR circuit 24, it is necessary to apply a signal proportional to Iglo (n). This signal must be entered manually according to the dispatcher’s message, as is currently the case for electronic calculators R. Introduction (Igl (p)) to the control input of the comparator 19 through the OR circuit 24 replaces the calculated value Iglo (n) chosen by the dispatcher, on which the new RVR value is calculated, if it differs from the calculated value.

Due to the action of the feedback at the output of the adder 18, a signal is set equal to the signal at the control input of the comparing device 19. In this case, the digital indicator displays the visibility range of the runway lights turned on by the dispatcher

landing. Since there are a limited number of runway light levels at the aerodrome (usually no more than 4), the control of the adder 18 in position 1 of switch 20 can be provided with an additional switch providing 4 signal levels corresponding to the brightness levels of the runway lights for a given aerodrome. By sequentially setting these signal levels at the control input of the comparator 19, the operator in advance of communication with

the landing manager can determine by the indicator the visibility range of lights of any brightness level. The autonomy and completeness of the received information about the range of visibility of runway lights in the daytime and in the dark is the main advantage of the proposed device.

Another advantage is the simplification of the processing device while expanding the functionality of a pulsed photometer. sources of information

1. Devices and installations for measurement at aerodromes. Edited by L.P. Afinogenov, Leningrad, Gidromethioizdat, 1981, p.21.

2. A set of MITRAS equipment, by Vaysala Ou (Finland), Certificate on the approval of the type of measuring instruments of the Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Gosstandart of Russia) No. 855 dated 12.02.96.

3. The Russian Federation, patent No. 2116633, IPC: G 01J 1/44, publ. 07.27.98 - prototype.

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Claims (1)

A pulsed photometer containing a pulsed light source with a lens, a reflector optically coupled through the measured medium to a protective glass located along the optical beam, a receiving mirror, a beam splitter plate, a first photoconverter with a field diaphragm located in the focal plane of the receiving mirror and a second photoconverter with a field diaphragm which is installed between the receiving mirror and the beam splitter plate in the reflected focal plane of the receiving mirror, the outputs of the first and second of the photoconverters are connected to the first and second inputs of the measuring information processing unit, respectively, the output of which is connected to the brightness indicator of the runway lights and contains a chronizer, amplitude value converter, three logarithmic converters, inverse-logarithmic converter, scale amplifier, calculator-adder, comparing device, switch and reference voltage source, the first input of the amplitude converter is the first input of the image block of measuring information and is connected with the output of the first photoconverter, the input of the first logarithmic converter is the second input of the measuring information processing unit and is connected to the output of the second photoconverter, while the chronizer, the amplitude converter, the second logarithmic converter, a scale amplifier, calculator-adder, and a comparison device connected in series, the second output of the amplitude converter is connected to the inverse logarithmic transform the reader, the output of which is the first output of the measuring information processing unit, the second output of the chronizer is the second output of the measuring information processing unit and connected to a pulsed light source, the third output of the chronizer is connected to the second input of the logarithmic converter, the output of which is connected to the input of the adder-calculator, the output of the last is the third output of the measuring information processing unit, the output of the comparison device through the switch and the third logarithmic transform the spruce is connected to the third input of the adder-calculator, the control input of the scale amplifier is connected to the input of the third logarithmic converter and is the fourth output of the measurement information processing unit, the second input of the switch is connected to the reference voltage source, the second input of the comparison device is connected to the third input of the measurement information processing unit, characterized in that an additional block of logical processing of measurement information and an OR circuit are additionally introduced into it, while one of the inputs the logical processing of the measurement information is connected with the output of the inverse logarithmic converter, its other input is connected to the output of the switch, and its third input is connected to the output of the calculator-adder, while one of its outputs is connected with the indicator of the brightness of the lights of the runway, and its other output is connected to the first input of the OR circuit, the other input of which is the third input of the measuring information processing unit.