RU2819966C1 - Method of cooling water in cooling tower and sprinkler unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat engineering, particularly to operation of heat power equipment and can be used at thermal and nuclear power plants. Sprinkler unit is made in the form of tubular elements arranged vertically parallel to each other and attached to each other at points of contact of external surfaces. Each tubular element includes swirling and stabilization sections arranged in series in the direction of air flow, wherein helical swirlers are arranged inside every tubular element aligned with its lengthwise axis on the swirling section, while stabilization section length is equal to five equivalent diameters of tubular element flow section.

EFFECT: increasing cooling capacity and efficiency of cooling towers, as well as increasing efficiency of operation of turbine plants due to intensification of heat exchange in sprinklers of cooling towers at thermal and nuclear power plants.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of thermal power engineering, concerns, in particular, the operation of thermal power equipment and can be used at thermal and nuclear power plants.

State of the art

There is a known method for cooling liquid in a cooling tower (RU 2228501, priority dated May 16, 2002, IPC F28C 1/00), which includes water supply, its spraying and heat exchange with cooling air, and cooling is carried out in the active zones of the cooling tower formed by cooling air flows. The cooling air flows do not coincide in direction and magnitude with the speed of particles of the liquid sprayed by the nozzles, and the air flows are obtained due to its forced removal from the upper part of the cooling tower.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use forced air removal from the upper part of the cooling tower, which causes an increase in costs for own needs, as well as the need to reconstruct the water distribution system with nozzles for supplying and spraying water in the active zones.

A cooling tower is known (RU 2256136, priority dated 02/03/2004, IPC F28C 1/00), containing a tower with a multi-section twisting device in the form of curved guide elements and a pipeline for water supply, the curved guide elements are discrete and variable in direction, and at the end of each element, a threshold is placed in its lower part to separate the flows, and on the outside of the device is equipped with trays with spraying and overflowing devices, while in the upper part of each tray there is a window connected to the threshold, and in the lower part there is a perforated plate connected to a curved guide element, and a spray device is placed in the upper part of the pipeline.

The disadvantage of the invention is that its implementation will require significant costs for the reconstruction of the internal equipment of existing cooling towers.

A cooling tower is known (RU 2295099, priority dated December 15, 2004, IPC F28C 1/00), containing a housing with air supply nozzles, openings in the casing and additional openings, a water-air ejector, characterized in that each water supply nozzle is located inside a pipe shell inserted into the housing, water-air ejectors are formed by the specified air supply nozzles and pipe shells, while the gaps between the air supply nozzles and pipe shells are filled with air, and additional openings are formed by the specified gaps, while the water supply nozzles and pipe shells are placed inside the cooling tower casing so that their inlet ends are located near the openings in casing.

The disadvantage of this cooling tower is the increase in aerodynamic resistance due to an increase in the speed of air flow, which can reduce productivity.

A cooling tower is known (RU No. 2535903, priority dated 06/07/2013, IPC F28C 1/00), containing a tower, in the lower part of which there is a window with shields installed in it at an angle of 60-75° to the tangent drawn to the circumference of the base of the tower, spraying water and an irrigation system, characterized in that the shields are made in the form of tubular elements installed in increments of no more than the length of the tubular element, and the tubular elements are interconnected by a pipeline from the water-spraying system, and along the lower surface of the tubular elements there are holes for spraying water evenly spaced to form tangential air inlet channels, while an inclined surface is formed along the perimeter of the cooling tower at an angle of 10-15°.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of cooling water in the cooling tower, since the air flow swirls at the inlet, and not in the irrigation system, where the main heat exchange occurs between water and cooling air.

An air inlet for an evaporative cooling tower with vortex flow turbulization is known (RU 2196947, priority dated March 22, 2001, IPC F28C 1/00, E04N 5/12), containing wind guide shields located in the leeward entrance windows of the cooling tower tangentially to a circle inscribed in its a base for creating a turbulent vortex flow of air masses in the sprinkling space, characterized in that roughness with different heights and densities of protrusions is created on the surface of the wind guide shields.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low intensification of heat exchange, since the turbulent vortex flow of air masses is realized in the irrigation space, and not in the irrigation system, where the main heat exchange occurs between water and cooling air.

A cooling tower sprinkler is known (RU 2141617, priority dated 08/18/1997, IPC F28F 25/08), which is made in the form of a module made of layers of polymer cellular cylindrical pipes placed in all layers parallel to each other, welded together at the ends of the module at the points of contact. Pipes in adjacent layers can be staggered relative to each other.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low intensification of heat transfer.

It is known to use a cooling tower sprinkler as a water catcher for cooling towers (RU 2337296, priority dated March 19, 2007, IPC F28F 25/04), while the sprinkler is presented in the form of a module made of layers of polymer cellular pipes placed in all layers parallel to each other and welded at the ends of the module each other at points of contact, and at the ends of the module, before the welding process, the end sections of the polymer cellular pipes are given the shape of a conical diffuser with a height of 0.2-0.5 of their diameter and an angle of 30-60° relative to their central axis as a water trap for cooling towers.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the complexity of the sprinkler design, which increases its cost.

An aerodynamic cooling tower is known (RU 2516986, priority dated 12/20/2012, IPC F28C 1/00), containing an exhaust tower with air guide panels at the entrance windows and a wind wheel located in the tower connected to a generator, characterized in that a sprinkler with inclined planes, forming a single structure with the wind wheel.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of cooling water in the cooling tower, since the air flow swirls at the inlet, and not in the irrigation system, where the main heat exchange occurs between water and cooling air.

A known heat and mass transfer nozzle for cooling towers (RU 100207, priority dated 05/25/2010, IPC F28F 25/08), which is made in the form of a module from layers of polymer mesh shells, made cylindrical, placed in all vertical layers parallel to each other and welded at the ends of the module to each other at points of contact, with spacer inserts installed on the bottom surface of the module. Also, each spacer insert can be made in the form of a blade swirler, which is a polymer cylinder with blades on the inner or outer surface.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its low operational efficiency.

A cooling tower sprinkler is known (RU 219808, priority dated January 24, 2023, IPC F28F 25/08) in the form of a module made of layers of cylindrical polymer mesh shells placed in all vertical layers parallel to each other and firmly welded at the ends of the module to each other at points of contact , characterized in that in order to create a film mode of flow of the cooled liquid, in which the heat and mass transfer coefficient has a maximum value, the cells of the mesh shells of the sprinkler have dimensions that provide the ratio a/L=0.3÷0.8 (a is the cell width, L is the length cells).

The disadvantage of this technical solution is also the low intensification of heat transfer.

The closest to the claimed invention is a cooling tower (variants) (BY 12539, priority dated April 24, 2007, IPC F28C 1/00), containing a base and a housing with air inlet windows in its lower part, a sprinkler located above the drainage basin, a water spray system located above the sprinkler, and a device located in the air inlet windows for swirling the air flow entering the cooling tower, characterized in that the central part of the base, located above the water level in the drainage basin, is made in the form of a cone with a curved generatrix or in the form of a truncated cone with a curved generatrix, on the surface of which there is a device for swirling the air flow in the form of at least 5 curved plates, and the height of the sprinkler is made variable, varying along the radius of the sprinkler, and is characterized by the following functional relationship:

where R is a variable coordinate along the radius of the sprinkler, varying from 0 to R _op ;

R _op - maximum value of the radius of the sprinkler;

h(R/R _op ) is the height of the sprinkler at the relative distance R/R _op , measured along the radius from the center of the sprinkler;

h _op is the height of the sprinkler at R equal to R _op , determined from the condition: the volume occupied by a sprinkler of radius R _op with a variable height h(R) is equal to the volume occupied by a sprinkler of the same radius R _op , but with the same height along its radius.

A cooling tower containing a base and a housing with air inlet windows in its lower part, a sprinkler located above a drainage basin, a water spray system located above the sprinkler, and a device located in the air inlet windows for swirling the air flow entering the cooling tower, characterized in that the central part of the base , located above the water level in the drainage basin, is made in the form of a cone with a curved generatrix or in the form of a truncated cone with a curved generatrix, on the surface of which a device for swirling the air flow is installed in the form of at least 5 curved plates, and the sprinkler in it is made in the form of less than 3 ring sections, and the height of the sprinkler in each ring section is constant, and the value of the sprinkler height for each section is determined from the following functional relationship:

where i is the number of the ring section in the sprinkler;

R _i - coordinate along the radius of the sprinkler, measured from the center of the sprinkler and corresponding to the outer boundary of the i-th ring section;

R _op - maximum value of the radius of the sprinkler;

h _i (R _i /R _op ) - height of the sprinkler in the i-th ring section of the sprinkler;

h _op is the height of the sprinkler in the ring section furthest from the center of the sprinkler (with _Ri equal to R _op ), determined from the condition: the volume occupied by the specified sectioned sprinkler of radius R _op is equal to the volume occupied by the sprinkler of the same radius R _op , but with the same height along its radius.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low intensification of heat transfer.

Disclosure of the invention

The technical objective of the invention is to increase the intensification of heat transfer.

The technical result of the claimed invention is an increase in the cooling capacity and productivity of cooling towers, as well as an increase in the efficiency of operation of turbine units due to the intensification of heat exchange in the sprinklers of cooling towers at thermal and nuclear power plants.

The technical result is achieved by using a method of cooling water in a tower cooling tower, in which the cooled water is supplied from the condenser of the turbine unit, the cooled water is distributed and sprayed, the air flow is supplied and swirled in a counterflow, and the cooled water is directed to the condenser of the turbine unit, while the air flow is supplied from the bottom of the sprinkler block , inside the sprinkler block the water is cooled by swirling the air flow, after which it is stabilized and the straightened air flow is discharged from above the sprinkler block.

The technical result is achieved by using a sprinkler block made in the form of tubular elements placed vertically parallel to each other and fastened together at the points of contact of the outer surfaces, with each tubular element including turbulence and stabilization areas located sequentially along the direction of the air flow , and inside each tubular element, coaxially with its longitudinal axis, helical swirlers are installed in the swirl section, and the length of the stabilization section is equal to five equivalent diameters of the flow section of the tubular element.

Brief description of drawings

In fig. Figure 1 shows the sprinkler of a cooling tower.

In fig. 1 the following designations are adopted:

1 - sprinkler block;

2 - tubular element of the sprinkler.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the swirling flow in the sprinkler of a cooling tower.

In fig. 2 the following notations are adopted:

1 - sprinkler block;

2 - tubular element of the sprinkler;

3 - vortex section;

4 - stabilization section;

5 - swirler;

6 - trajectory of air flow.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a circulating water supply system with the implementation of a method of swirling the flow in the sprinkler of a cooling tower.

In fig. 3 the following notations are adopted:

I - sprinkler block;

7 - turbine unit condenser;

8 - tower-type cooling tower;

9 - circulation pumps;

10 - circulation water lines;

11 - nozzles of the water distribution system;

12 - air control device.

Carrying out the invention

The sprinkler block 1 (Figs. 1 and 3) is made of tubular elements 2 (Figs. 1 and 2), which can be made, for example, from polymer materials using extrusion - the process of constantly forming a polymer product by pressing the melt through a molding head. Tubular elements 2 (Figs. 1 and 2) are placed vertically parallel to each other and fastened together at the points of contact of the outer surfaces, for example, by gluing surfaces made of polymeric materials at the points of contact when heated. Each tubular element 2 (Fig. 1 and 2) includes vortex sections 3 (Fig. 2) and a stabilization section 4 (Fig. 4) located sequentially along the direction of air flow, while inside each tubular element 2 (Fig. 1 and 2) coaxially with its longitudinal axis in the swirl section 3 (Fig. 2), helical swirlers 5 (Fig. 2) are installed, and the length of the swirler 5 (Fig. 2) is equivalent to the length of the swirl section 3 (Fig. 1 and 2) and is determined the functional purpose of the vortex section 3 (Fig. 2). The length of the stabilization section 5 (Fig. 2) is equal to five equivalent diameters of the flow section of the tubular element 2 (Fig. 2). It has been experimentally proven that precisely this ratio is necessary and sufficient to stabilize the flow. Swirlers 5 (Fig. 2), which, for example, are also made of polymer materials using extrusion, are installed in the swirl section 3 (Fig. 2) and secured, for example, using friction forces during tension.

The method of cooling water in a cooling tower is implemented as follows:

- cooled water is supplied from the condenser of the turbine unit 7 (Fig. 3) to the cooling tower (Fig. 3);

- cooled water is distributed and sprayed, for example, using nozzles 11 (Fig. 3) of the water distribution system on top of the sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 1-3);

- through the air control device 12 (Fig. 3) from the bottom of the sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 1-3), a counterflow of cooled water is supplied with an air flow;

- in the sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 1-3) with the help of swirlers 5 (Fig. 2) they provide swirling of the rising air flow and cooling of the falling water;

- stabilize the air flow in the stabilization section 4 (Fig. 2);

- the straightened air flow is discharged from above the sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 1-3) without rotational movement;

- cooled water is sent to the condenser of the turbine unit.

The implementation of the claimed method using a sprinkler unit is shown in the following example.

The sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 3) is installed in a tower-type cooling tower 8 (Fig. 3), on top of the sprinkler block 1 (Fig. 3) with the help of nozzles 11 of the water distribution system (Fig. 3) spray cooled water supplied through circulation conduits 10 ( Fig. 3) after the condenser of the turbine unit 7 (Fig. 3) with the help of circulation pumps 9 (Fig. 3), from the bottom of the sprinkler blocks 1 (Fig. 3) the air flow is supplied by gravity through the air control device 12 (Fig. 3) in the opposite direction in the direction of movement of the flow of cooled water, in the sprinkler blocks 1 (Fig. 1-3) with the help of swirlers 5 (Fig. 2) they provide swirling of the air flow rising upward and cooling of the water falling down from the nozzles 11 of the water distribution system (Fig. 3), the cooled water after the tower-type cooling tower 8 (Fig. 3) is again supplied through circulation water lines 10 (Fig. 3) to the condenser of the turbine unit 7 (Fig. 3) using circulation pumps 9 (Fig. 3).

Due to the installation of helical swirlers 5 (Fig. 2) inside the tubular elements 2 (Fig. 1 and 2) in the swirl section 3 (Fig. 2) of each tubular element 2 (Fig. 1 and 2) of the sprinkler 1 (Fig. 1-3 ) a uniform translational-rotational movement of air flow is created. Due to this, the interaction time of the media increases by lengthening the path of the air flow moving along a translational-rotational trajectory, which leads to intensified heat transfer. After the vortex section 3 (Fig. 2) in the stabilization section 4 (Fig. 2), the length of which is five equivalent diameters of the flow section of the tubular element 2 (Figs. 1 and 2), as the air flow moves, it is straightened to reduce aerodynamic drag in the supernatural space. Thus, the cooling capacity and productivity of cooling towers increases, and the operating efficiency of turbine units increases.

The use of the claimed invention makes it possible to increase the cooling capacity and productivity of cooling towers, as well as to increase the efficiency of operation of turbine units due to the intensification of heat exchange in the sprinklers of cooling towers at thermal and nuclear power plants.

Claims (2)

1. A method for cooling water in a tower cooling tower, in which the cooled water is supplied from the condenser of the turbine unit, the cooled water is distributed and sprayed, the air flow is supplied and swirled in countercurrent, and the cooled water is directed to the condenser of the turbine unit, characterized in that the air flow is supplied from the bottom of the sprinkler block, inside the block sprinklers cool the water by swirling the air flow, after which they stabilize and the straightened air flow is discharged from above the sprinkler block. 2. A sprinkler block made in the form of tubular elements placed vertically parallel to each other and fastened together at the points of contact of the outer surfaces, characterized in that each tubular element includes vortex and stabilization areas located sequentially along the direction of the air flow, while Inside each tubular element, helical swirlers are installed coaxially with its longitudinal axis in the swirl section, and the length of the stabilization section is equal to five equivalent diameters of the flow section of the tubular element.