RU2818384C1 - Collapsible closed-type building using ready-made modules and panels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely to collapsible structures, which can be used as residential and administrative buildings mainly in conditions of the Far North on permafrost soils. Collapsible building containing piles, metal frame, room modules, central room floor panel, ceiling panels and roof panels, is characterized by that the room modules are located along the perimeter of the metal frame so that an additional central room is formed in the centre of the building, floor of which is formed by the floor panel of the central room, on the modules of the room, located along two opposite sides of the frame, ceiling panels are installed, each of which has a vertical ridge, wherein set of ceiling panels ridges forms two parallel ridges along the entire length of the building, roof panels with corresponding mating slots are attached to these ridges, at that, the roof panels form a dual-slope roof.

EFFECT: increase of thermal efficiency of collapsible building structure, providing possibility of use in various climatic conditions, including in conditions of the Far North.

8 cl, 11 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to prefabricated structures that can be used as residential and administrative buildings, both under normal operating conditions, that is, in the southern and central regions of the country, and in conditions predominantly in the far north on permafrost soils [E04B1/04, E04B1/343, E04B1/348].

A PREFABRICATED BUILDING SYSTEM is known from the prior art [CN 111936710 A, PUBLISHED. 2020-11-13], constructed from multiple prefabricated components consisting of fewer than 12 different prefabricated structural components, includes a floor assembly; roof assembly; and a side assembly connected to the floor assembly and the roof assembly and extending between the floor assembly and the roof assembly. The floor assembly includes a plurality of floor panels, each floor panel being in direct structural connection with at least one other floor panel. The roof structure includes a plurality of roof panels, each roof panel being in direct structural connection with at least one other roof panel. The side assembly includes a plurality of wall panels, each wall panel being in direct structural connection with at least one floor panel and at least one roof panel.

The disadvantage of this analogue is that it cannot be used in the far north due to the low thermal efficiency of the structure.

Also known from the prior art is a prefabricated earthquake-resistant building based on 20 and 40 foot containers [RU 140436 U1, PUBLISHED. 05.10.2014], characterized in that it is made on the basis of containers, each supporting frame of which has vertical and horizontal elements made of steel rectangular and/or square pipes and containing floors and walls made of corrugated metal, and each container contains corner fittings with sockets for placing bolts passing through holes in connecting parts made with centering elements and located between the containers.

The disadvantage of this analogue is also the impossibility of using it in the Far North due to the low thermal efficiency of the design.

The closest in technical essence is a PREFABRICATED BUILDING FROM CONTAINERS [KR 20230107972 A, publ. 2023-07-18], which includes a wall in which a plurality of containers are spaced parallel, extended and connected together, and a roof structure supported by a support member and mounted and secured on the top of the wall.

The main technical problem of the prototype is that the central room is poorly isolated from environmental conditions, which makes it impossible to use it in the far north.

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the thermal efficiency of the structure of a prefabricated building, making it possible to use it in the conditions of the Far North.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a prefabricated building containing piles, a metal frame, room modules, a central room floor panel, ceiling panels and roof panels, characterized in that the room modules are located along the perimeter of the metal frame so that in the center building, an additional central room is formed, the floor of which is formed by the floor panel of the central room; ceiling panels are installed on the room modules placed along two opposite sides of the frame, each of which has a vertical ridge, while the totality of the ridges of the installed ceiling panels form two parallel ridges along the entire length of the building , roof panels having corresponding reciprocal grooves are attached to these ridges, while the roof panels form a gable roof.

In particular, the piles, room modules, central room floor panel, ceiling panels and roof panels are made of lightweight concrete and connected to each other using bolted joints.

In particular, the room modules are the main room modules and/or auxiliary room modules, wherein the main room module is a residential module, or a recreation module, or a technical staff module, or a dining room, or a secretary reception module, the auxiliary room module is a shower, or a toilet, or a hallway, or a technical room, and the central room is the manager’s office or the employees’ rest room.

In particular, the ridges of the ceiling panels are perpendicular to their planes, while the upper sides of the ridges have slopes that, together with the roof panels equipped with corresponding reciprocal grooves, form a gable roof along the entire length of the building.

In particular, the ridges of the ceiling panels are perpendicular to their planes, while the upper sides of the ridges have a hemispherical shape, which allows, together with the roof panels equipped with corresponding reciprocal grooves, to form a gable roof along the entire length of the building.

In particular, the roof panels are bolted to the ridges of the ceiling panels, and the bolts have a circular spiral thread that fits into mating spiral metal tubes embedded in the bodies of the ceiling panels and roof panels during their manufacture, bending them through similar tubes located in the center of the panels, allowing the panels to be fastened between themselves.

In particular, prefabricated metal external and/or internal armored belts are installed on the side and bottom sides of the ridges of the ceiling panels, forming a rectangular rigid structure and bolted to each other and to the body of the panels itself.

In particular, support cups are installed at the bottom of the metal frame, into which piles are installed through spacers to regulate the alignment of the structure in the horizontal plane.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the first version of the internal layout of the house (top view).

Figure 2 shows the second version of the internal layout of the house (top view).

Figure 3 shows the third version of the internal layout of the house (top view).

Figure 4 shows a first embodiment of the roof.

Figure 5 shows a second embodiment of the roof.

Figure 6 shows the first option for fastening the roof without an armored belt.

Figure 7 shows an option for fastening ceiling panels and roof panels using external and internal armored belts for the first embodiment of the roof.

Figure 8 shows an option for fastening ceiling panels and roof panels using external and internal armored belts for the second version of the roof.

In fig. Figure 9 shows the fastening unit of the ceiling panel and the roof panel using an armored belt with metal contact pads on ridges with a flat contact surface.

Figure 10 shows the fastening unit of the ceiling panel and the roof panel using an armored belt with metal contact pads on ridges with a hemispherical contact surface.

In fig. 11 shows a diagram of the reinforcement of the ceiling panel and roof panel using metal sheets made according to their profiles and welded both with the contact metal platform and with each other throughout the entire volume of the panel by welding strips of perforated notches in the sheets bent in different directions to form a spatial rigid structure filled then light concrete

The figures indicate: 1 - piles, 2 - metal frame, 3 - main room module, 4 - auxiliary room module, 5 - central room floor panel, 6 - ceiling panel, 7 - roof panel, 8 - central room, 9 - frame internal rectangular metal reinforced belt on the ridges of the ceiling panels, 10 – frame of the external rectangular metal reinforced belt, 11 – contact metal sheet of the ceiling panel, 12 – contact metal sheet in the roof panel, 13 – perforated sheet in the body of the ceiling panel or roof panel, 14 – bent in different sides from adjacent sheets of perforation strip, 15 – support cup, 16 – gasket for regulating the alignment of the structure in the horizontal plane, 17 – heat-insulating gasket.

To solve this problem, a closed-type prefabricated building is proposed, which can have various layout options.

Thus, figure 1 shows a building assembled only from the main modules of room 3, which include a recreation module, or a technical staff module, or a dining room, or a secretary reception module, etc. Figure 2 shows a building assembled from two main modules of room 3 and three auxiliary modules of room 4, which include: shower, toilet, hallway, technical room, etc. And figure 3 shows a building assembled from four main modules of room 3 and four auxiliary modules of room 4, located in the corners of the building.

Layout options are not limited to these three examples. Building layouts can have a large number of different options, each of which is determined by the functions and tasks of the building.

Common to all building options is that the main 3 and/or auxiliary 4 room modules are located along the perimeter of the building so that in the center of the building a central room 8 is formed from the walls of the room modules. This room can be used for various purposes. For example, the central room 8 can be used as a manager's office or as a workers' rest room.

The floor panel of the central room 5 is laid in the central space formed by the room modules. A special feature of the room 8 is that it is isolated from the environment by means of the room modules, and, therefore, in most cases it does not require additional heating.

A special feature of room modules 3 and 4 is that they are a hollow parallelepiped, the walls of which are made of lightweight concrete. Since the invention does not involve the assembly of multi-storey buildings, the vertical load on the modules of rooms 3 and 4 is relatively small, and, therefore, the walls, floor and ceiling of the modules of rooms 3 and 4 can be made of lightweight concrete, which in turn ensures a relatively low mass of the modules and high thermal insulation.

Compared to residential modules made on the basis of containers, these room modules have significantly greater thermal insulation with comparable weight.

The room modules 3, 4 are installed on a rectangular metal frame 2, to which, in turn, support cups 15 are attached. Piles 1 are installed in the support cups 15 through spacers 16 to regulate the alignment of the structure in the horizontal plane.

Room modules 3, 4 are attached to frame 2 using bolted connections.

On top of the room modules 3, 4 there are ceiling panels 6, on which a gable roof is installed, made from roof panels 7. In this case, the roof panels 7 can be installed at different angles to each other, based on the conditions in which the building is located. Thus, if the building is located in an area with a large snow load, then the angle between the roof panels 7 can be made smaller than the angle between the roof panels 7 of a building located in an area with a small snow load. A smaller angle between the roof panels 7 ensures that less snow accumulates on the roof, and, as a result, provides a smaller snow load on the building structure.

The floor panel of the central room 5, the ceiling panel 6 and the roof panel 7 are made of the same lightweight concrete as the main module of the room 3 and the auxiliary module of the room 4.

Each ceiling panel 6 includes a vertical ridge. In this case, when installing ceiling panels on modules 3, 4, a set of ridges of ceiling panels installed on two opposite sides of the building form two parallel ridges along the entire length of the building.

The functional purpose of these ridges is to install roof panels 7 on them and secure them to them. The totality of the installed roof panels 7, accordingly, forms a gable roof.

In addition to the fact that the roof panels 7 have a groove corresponding to the shape of the ridge, there are several options for attaching the panels 7 to the ridges of the ceiling panels 6.

The first fastening option is that metal tubes are embedded inside the panels 6, 7 during their production, to which U-shaped pins are attached (see Fig. 6).

The second fastening option is that prefabricated metal outer 10 and/or inner 9 reinforced belts are installed on the side and bottom sides of the ridges of the ceiling panels, forming a rectangular rigid structure and bolted to each other and to the body of the panels itself (see Fig.9 , 10). In this case, a contact metal sheet 11 is installed on top of the ridge, and a corresponding sheet 12 is installed in the roof panel. Moreover, the upper side of the ridge can have either a beveled shape (see Fig. 9) or a hemispherical shape (see Fig. 10).

At the ends of the formed gable roof, triangular façade panels (not shown in the figure) are installed, which are also made of lightweight concrete and attached using bolted connections.

Let's consider the assembly of the building using the example of the layout option shown in Figure 3.

First, support piles 1 are installed in the ground. Then support cups 15 are attached to them through spacers 16. After that, a rectangular metal frame 2 is attached to the support cups 15, which is fixed using bolted connections. The use of spacers 16 allows you to install all the support cups in the same plane so that subsequently the frame 2 is in a horizontal plane.

Next, ready-made main modules of room 3 are installed on all four sides of the frame. Installation of modules of rooms 3 forms an internal rectangular closed space. Then, in the corners of the frame, the ends of the installed room modules 3 are closed by installing auxiliary room modules 4. In this case, a closed external rectangular contour of the building is formed from room modules 3, 4 and a closed internal space.

The main module of the room 3 and the auxiliary module of the room 4 are fixed to each other, as well as to the frame 2 by means of bolted connections.

After that, at the bottom of the formed rectangular space of the central part, floor panel 5 is installed on the frame and bolted to it.

Next, on the left and right sides of the building, ceiling panels 6 are installed on the room modules (see Figs. 3 and 4), having ridges perpendicular to the plane of the panel with a beveled contact pad. Ceiling panels 6 are attached to room modules 3, 4 also using bolted connections. Moreover, the roof panels are mounted so that the ridges of the panels form two long ridges along the entire length of the building on two opposite sides of the structure. Roof panels 7 are attached to these ridges, having mirrored counter grooves that are also connected to each other, which makes it possible to form a gable roof along the entire length of the building. The roof panels 7 are bolted to the ridges of the ceiling panels 6, and the bolts have a round spiral thread that fits into the corresponding spiral metal tubes embedded in the bodies of the ceiling panels and roof panels during their manufacture, bending them through similar tubes located in the center of the panels, allowing the panels to be fastened together and with other elements (see Fig.6).

In addition, the roof panels 7 can be attached to the ceiling panels 6 using reinforced belts placed on the ridges of the ceiling panels. Thus, on the side and bottom sides of the ridges of the ceiling panels, prefabricated metal external and/or internal armored belts are installed, forming a rectangular rigid structure and bolted to each other and to the body of the panels itself.

The open gables of the roof are covered with triangular panels made of lightweight concrete (not shown in the figure), thereby completely enclosing the central room 8. The central room 8, thus isolated from the environment, after the necessary retrofitting with engineering means, becomes suitable for year-round use.

All elements of the proposed prefabricated building are manufactured industrially in a factory.

Thus, due to the fact that a prefabricated building containing piles, a metal frame, room modules, a central room floor panel, ceiling panels and roof panels, characterized in that the room modules are located around the perimeter of the metal frame so that in the center of the building an additional central room is formed, the floor of which is formed by the floor panel of the central room, ceiling panels with ridges are installed on the room modules placed along two opposite sides of the frame, while two opposite ridges are formed along the entire length of the building, roof panels with corresponding responses are attached to the ridges grooves, while the roof panels form a gable roof, providing such a technical result as increasing the thermal efficiency of the structure of a prefabricated building, ensuring the possibility of use in various climatic conditions, including in the Far North.

Claims (8)

1. A prefabricated building containing piles, a metal frame, room modules, a central room floor panel, ceiling panels and roof panels, characterized in that the room modules are located around the perimeter of the metal frame so that an additional central room, floor is formed in the center of the building which is formed by the floor panel of the central room, ceiling panels are installed on the room modules, placed along two opposite sides of the frame, each of which has a vertical ridge, while the set of ridges of the installed ceiling panels forms two parallel ridges along the entire length of the building, panels are attached to these ridges roofs having corresponding reciprocal grooves, with the roof panels forming a gable roof. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the piles, room modules, floor panel of the central room, ceiling panels and roof panels are made of lightweight concrete and connected to each other using bolted joints. 3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the room modules are the main room modules and/or auxiliary room modules, wherein the main room module is a residential module, or a recreation module, or a technical staff module, or a dining room, or a reception module secretary, the auxiliary module of the room is a shower, or a toilet, or a hallway, or a technical room, and the central room is the manager’s office or a workers’ rest room. 4. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridges of the ceiling panels are perpendicular to their planes, while the upper sides of the ridges have slopes that allow, together with the roof panels equipped with corresponding reciprocal grooves, to form a gable roof along the entire length of the building. 5. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the ridges of the ceiling panels are perpendicular to their planes, while the upper sides of the ridges have a hemispherical shape, which allows, together with the roof panels equipped with corresponding reciprocal grooves, to form a gable roof along the entire length of the building. 6. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof panels are bolted to the ridges of the ceiling panels, and the bolts have a round spiral thread included in the corresponding spiral metal tubes, embedded in the bodies of the ceiling panels and roof panels during their manufacture with bending them through similar tubes located in the center of the panels, allowing the panels to be fastened together. 7. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that prefabricated metal external and/or internal armored belts are installed on the side and lower sides of the ridges of the ceiling panels, forming a rectangular rigid structure and connected by bolted joints to each other and to the body of the panels itself. 8. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that support cups are installed at the bottom of the metal frame, into which piles are installed through spacers to regulate the alignment of the structure in the horizontal plane.