RU2817594C1 - Filtering elements, air cleaning units and methods of application and assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technology of water and air purification.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for air cleaning. Filter cartridge comprises a filter padding comprising a folded padding which covers a central open volume, wherein the filtering padding extends from the first end of the filtering padding to the second end of the filtering padding; insert serving as a support for folded packing, which covers central open volume, wherein the insert extends from the first end of the insert to the second end of the insert; first open end nozzle and a second closed end nozzle, wherein the first end of the filtering padding and the first end of the insert pass into the first open end nozzle; the second end of the filtering packing and the second end of the insert pass into the second closed end nozzle; first open end nozzle comprises an inner surface, which forms an opening passing through the first open end nozzle, wherein the filter cartridge is characterized by the presence of a central axis passing through the central open volume, a second end nozzle and an opening in the first end nozzle; inner surface is located between the first end of the insert and the axis of the cartridge filter and includes a sealing surface, configured to form a seal sealing the sealing surface of the air cleaner; and the inner surface comprises a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions.

EFFECT: provision of tightness of cartridge installation, improvement of service.

17 cl, 52 dwg

Description

Cross reference to related applications

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/294690, filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on February 12, 2016. The entire disclosure of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/294690 is incorporated herein by reference.

Prerequisites for creating the invention

Filtration of air or other gas is desirable in a number of systems. Its typical application is the filtration of air drawn into internal combustion engines. Another application is filtration using crankcase ventilation filter units. Typically, such systems contain filter units that contain a serviceable filter cartridge. After a period of use, the filter pack in the filter housing requires maintenance in the form of either cleaning or complete replacement. Typically, for an air cleaner or crankcase ventilation filter assembly used in conjunction with an internal combustion engine, such as on a vehicle, the filter media is contained in a removable and replaceable, i.e. serviceable component, usually called a filter element or cartridge. The filter cartridge is designed for sealed installation and can be removed inside the air purifier during use. Improvements in filter designs regarding assembly, serviceability and/or use are desirable. The filter cartridge may be provided as a first (eg, main) filter cartridge or a second (eg, auxiliary or protective) filter cartridge. The air cleaning assembly may include only the first filter cartridge or both the first filter cartridge and the second filter cartridge.

The essence of the invention

Describes filter assemblies (such as air cleaning assemblies or crankcase ventilation filter assemblies) and components therefor; and their signs. Methods of assembly and use are also described. Filter units usually include a housing in which a filter cartridge is removably located. An exemplary filter cartridge is provided that has a housing sealing surface comprising a radially oriented surface extending perimeterally around an open volume and having a plurality of radially outwardly extending and axially extending sections alternating with radially inwardly extending and axially extending sections. A plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections, alternating with radially inwardly extending and axially extending sections, are configured to engage a sealing surface of a housing having a plurality of axially extending ribs extending radially from the sealing surface of the housing .

Another exemplary filter cartridge shown includes a filter media and a housing seal structure. The housing sealing structure comprises a non-wavy wall shaped seal support and a sealing element supported by (e.g., molded upon) the non-wave shaped seal support and having a radially directed sealing surface and a thickness between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface that varies along the sealing element so as to provide the surface of the sealing element in the form of a wave-shaped wall, forming a radially directed sealing surface.

Another exemplary filter cartridge shown includes a filter media and a housing seal structure. The housing sealing structure comprises a sealing element having a radially directed surface of the wave-wall sealing element, a plurality of projections disposed along and defining the surface of the wave-wall sealing element, and wherein the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 1 mm/protrusion to about 25 mm/tab (eg, from about 2 mm/tab to about 12 mm/tab), where the pitch is the distance between the peaks on adjacent tabs.

Another exemplary filter cartridge illustrated includes a filter media and a housing seal structure, wherein the housing seal structure includes a seal support and a seal element supported by the seal support and having a radially directed surface and ductility sufficient to cause the radially directed surface to conform to the sealing surface in the form of a wave-like wall on the filter housing having a plurality of projections provided in increments of about 1 mm/protrusion to about 25 mm/protrusion (e.g., from about 2 mm/protrusion to about 12 mm/protrusion), wherein the pitch is a distance between the peaks of neighboring ledges.

There is no specific requirement that an air cleaning assembly, component thereof, or feature thereof contain all of the features described herein to obtain any benefit of the present invention.

Brief description of graphic materials

In fig. 1 is a perspective view of an air purification unit according to the present invention.

In fig. 2 is a perspective cross-sectional view of the air purification unit of FIG. 1.

In fig. 3 is an enlarged perspective cross-sectional view of a portion of the air purification assembly of FIG. 1.

In fig. 4 is an enlarged perspective cross-sectional view of a portion of the air cleaner of FIG. 1, with the filter cartridge removed.

In fig. 5 is a partial perspective view of a portion of a filter cartridge for use in the air purifier of FIG. 1.

In fig. 6 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a portion of the filter cartridge of FIG. 5.

In fig. 6A is a cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 5

In fig. 6B is an end view of the outwardly facing sealing surface.

In fig. 6C is a close-up view of the portion of FIG. 6B.

In fig. 6D is an end view of the inwardly oriented sealing surface.

In fig. 6E is a close-up view of the portion of FIG. 6D.

In fig. 7 is a plan view of the exhaust pipe of the air cleaner housing of FIG. 1.

In fig. 8 is a plan view of the closed end portion of the air purifier filter cartridge of FIG. 2.

In fig. 9 is a perspective and local cross-sectional view of the air purification unit of FIG. 1, which shows the filter cartridge before engaging the air cleaner housing outlet tube.

In fig. 10 is an end view of an alternative exhaust tube for the air cleaning assembly as a whole according to FIG. 1, and the alternative outlet tube may be used in conjunction with alternative filter cartridges.

In fig. 11 is a sectional view of an alternative outlet tube of FIG. 10, made along line 11-11.

In fig. 12 is a sectional view of an alternative outlet tube of FIG. 11, made along line 12-12.

In fig. 13 is a sectional view of an alternative outlet tube of FIG. 11, made along line 13-13.

In fig. 14 is a perspective view of an alternative filter cartridge configured to engage the outlet tube of FIG. 10.

In fig. 15 is a bottom view of the end portion of the filter cartridge of FIG. 14.

In fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 15, made along line 16-16.

In fig. 17 is a sectional view of an end portion of the filter cartridge of FIG. 16, made along line 17-17.

In fig. 18 is a perspective view of yet another alternative filter cartridge configured to engage the outlet tube of FIG. 10.

In fig. 19 is a side view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 18.

In fig. 20 is a bottom view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 18.

In fig. 21 is a perspective view of a filter cartridge configured to engage the outlet tube of FIG. 10.

In fig. 22 is an end view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 21.

In fig. 23 is a sectional view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 22, made along line 23-23.

In fig. 24 is a sectional view of the filter cartridge of FIG. 22, made along line 24-24.

In fig. 25 is a sectional view of an end portion of the filter cartridge of FIG. 21, made along line 25-25.

In fig. 26 is an exploded cross-sectional view of an alternative air cleaning assembly that utilizes a filter cartridge containing a z-shaped filter pack.

In fig. 27 is a cross-sectional view of the air purification unit of FIG. 26, containing a pre-cleaning device.

In fig. 28 is an exploded cross-sectional view of an alternative air cleaning assembly that utilizes a first filter cartridge and a second filter cartridge.

In fig. 29 is an exploded view of the air purification unit of FIG. 28.

In fig. 30 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the air purifying assembly of FIG. 28.

In fig. 31 is a cross-sectional view of the air purification unit according to FIG. 28.

In fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the air purification unit of FIG. 31, containing a pre-cleaning device.

In fig. 33 is a perspective view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 34 is a perspective view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 35 is a top view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 35A is a bottom view of the packing package of FIG. 35.

In fig. 35B is a side view of the packing package of FIG. 35.

In fig. 36 is an end view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 37 is a perspective view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 38A is a perspective view of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 38B is an end view of a portion of the packing package of FIG. 38A.

In fig. 38C is an end view of a portion of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 39 is an end view of a portion of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 40 is an end view of a portion of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 41 is an end view of a portion of an alternative packing package that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 42A is an end view of an alternative filter element that may be used in an air cleaning assembly in accordance with the present invention.

In fig. 42B is a cross-sectional view of the filter element of FIG. 42A, made along the line 42B-42B.

Detailed description

Exemplary filter assemblies, filter cartridges, features and components thereof are described and presented herein. Many specific features and components are described in detail. Many of them can be applied to provide an advantage. However, there is no specific requirement that various individual features and components be used in an overall assembly with all of the described features and characteristics to provide any benefit according to the present invention.

It should be noted that many embodiments are presented and described. The embodiments are not intended to be exclusive of the features presented. That is, if necessary, selected features of one embodiment can be applied in one or more other embodiments to obtain an advantage. In many examples, the illustrated filter assembly is an air cleaning assembly, such as that used to filter intake air for an internal combustion engine. Additional embodiments are described in which the filter assembly is a crankcase ventilation filter assembly in which a filter cartridge is used to filter escaping gases into the crankcase, which typically contain both particulate and liquid contaminants. Both types of filter assemblies are typically "gas filter assemblies" because the media being filtered is gas (air or gases from the crankcase ventilation system). Although the techniques described herein will generally be used in connection with gas filtration, they can be used for filtration of other materials, such as liquids, if necessary.

Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 generally denotes a filter assembly, such as an air cleaner, or an air purifying assembly, or structure according to the present invention. The filter unit (in this example, the air purification unit) 1 includes a housing 2. The housing 2 forms a side wall 2s and contains: a first main body or housing section 3; and a second main body section or access cover 4. In the example shown, the access cover 4 is removably fixed to the first section 3 of the main body, but alternatives are possible. Also, although alternatives are possible, in the case of the presented example, the attachment of the cover section 4 to the main body section 3 is carried out using a rotary clamp structure 5. An exemplary design of a rotary clamp 5 is shown in US Provisional Application No. 62/184567, filed June 2, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The cover section 4 may be held to the main body section 3 by locks such as, for example, self-folding strut locks.

In general, the air purifier (gas purifier) 1 includes an air (gas) flow inlet structure 7 . In the illustrated example, the air flow inlet structure 7 is an inlet tube designated by reference numeral 7t on the main body section 3. The particular inlet tube 7t shown is designed as a side tangential inlet, i.e. the gas flow is directed tangentially to the inner wall of the housing 2, and is not directed directly to the central axis X of the housing. Alternative designs, locations and directions of the inlet duct are possible. However, the present tangential inlet port design is convenient and advantageous for reasons discussed below.

The dust ejector/water ejector structure, indicated by reference numeral 8, is shown on the housing 2, comprising a tube 9. In the example shown, the tube 9 comprises part of an access cover 4, although alternatives are possible. The tube 9 is closed by an exhaust valve structure 10, in the illustrated example comprising a duck nose valve of the type commonly used in conjunction with air cleaners, see, for example, WO 2006/06241 A1; U.S. 6419718 B1; and U.S. 8864866, incorporated herein by reference. Alternative exhaust valve designs may be used.

The outlet tube or flow tube, designated 15, is represented as a part of the housing 2 located on the rest of the section 3 of the main body. The tube 15 may be formed integrally with the main body portion 3, but the outlet tube 15 may be a separate portion snap-connected to or otherwise attached to the main body portion 3.

During operation, air (gas) to be filtered enters the air purifying unit through the inlet pipe 7t. Finally, the air passes through the filter packing of the filter cartridge structure located in the interior space 2i of the housing 2. After passing through the air filter cartridge packing, the filtered air is directed to exit the housing through the outlet tube 15. From the outlet tube 15, the filtered air is directed to the downstream equipment, for example, into the turbocharging system or into the air intake duct of the engine system.

The specific air purification (filter) unit 1 presented includes an optional pre-cleaning step. The pre-cleaning step is achieved in part by directing air from the inlet tube 7t tangentially into the interior space 2i of the housing 2. The air will then be directed into a vortex pattern around the interior of the assembly 1. This will help direct a portion of any dust or water particles contained in the air stream towards inner surface of side wall 2s. This material, separated from the air flow, will eventually be carried and enter the tube 9, from which ejection is carried out through the valve 10.

The particular air purifying assembly 1 shown is designed such that it can be mounted in a variety of orientations, for example, with the central X-axis directed vertically, or alternatively with the central X-axis directed horizontally, or any angle between vertical and horizontal. This is facilitated by the fact that the outlet tube 9 is directed downwards.

A mounting platform structure may be provided on section 3 of the main body. The mounting platform structure may be formed integrally with the rest of the housing 2, or it may be a separate part. The mounting pad structure is used to facilitate the mounting of the housing 2 in place on the equipment with which the air cleaner 1 will be used. By having the mounting pad structure on the housing section 3, the housing section 3 can be held in place on the equipment by bolts or other systems during maintenance. , while the access cover 4 is removably attached to section 3 of the main part for ease of maintenance. An exemplary mounting pad design that may be used as part of housing section 3 is disclosed in U.S. 8864866, the description of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The pressure tapping port for the restriction indicator 15r can optionally be used together with the air cleaning unit 1.

Additional air purifying assemblies may be used in conjunction with the present invention, including those presented and described in WO 2006/06241 A1; WO 2009014988; U.S. 6419718 B1; and U.S. 8864866, the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Let us now turn to FIG. 2, in which the air purification unit 1 is shown in cross section. Referring to FIG. 2, the filter cartridge 25 and the filter cartridge 27 located in the interior space 2i of the housing are visible. The filter cartridge 25 will be described in more detail below. In general, the cartridge 25 is a serviceable component that contains an extension of filter media 26 through which air to be filtered passes before it can leave the assembly 1. Moreover, the filter cartridge 27 will be described in more detail below. In general, cartridge 27 is a serviceable component that contains an extension of filter media 28 through which air to be filtered passes before it leaves assembly 1. Filter cartridge 25 may be referred to as a first (eg, main) cartridge or filter element, and the filter cartridge 27 may be referred to as a second (eg, auxiliary or protective) cartridge or filter element. Various features of the filter cartridge embodiments discussed herein may apply to both primary and secondary filter cartridges, and such discussion should not be interpreted as limited only to primary or secondary filter cartridges unless otherwise noted. In addition, various features of certain embodiments of filter cartridges discussed herein may be applied to other embodiments, and such discussion should not be interpreted as limited only to the particular embodiment described unless it is obvious from the context or otherwise indicated.

The term "serviceable component" as used herein and in relation to the cartridges 25 and 27 means that the cartridges 25 and 27 are removable and replaceable in the air cleaning assembly 1. Thus, as the packing 26 and/or 28 becomes clogged during use, the cartridge 25 and/or cartridge 27 can be removed and can be refurbished or replaced.

Referring to FIG. 2, it can be seen that the housing 2 includes an optional screen structure 29 surrounding a selected portion of the filter cartridge 25. The screen structure 29 includes a first screen section 30 in the main body section 3 oriented to surround a portion of the cartridge 25 at that location, creating an annular space 31 between the screen 30 and the outer side wall 32. Air from the inlet passage 7 is directed into the inlet port 7a, and into the annular space 31, and into the vortex circuit. The screen 30 prevents dust and other material carried by the intake air in the annulus 31 from directly contacting the packing 26 until the air passes at least partially through the vortex pattern and through the screen 30 towards the access cover 4.

In fig. 2 shows the second screen section, designated 33, of the screen structure 29 in the access cover 4. The second screen section 33 defines an annular space 34 between the screen 33 and the side wall 35 of the section 4. Represented at reference numeral 37 is an outlet or outlet hole in the side wall 2 extending from the interior space 2i of the housing to the interior space 9i of the tube 9. The outlet or outlet hole 37 is in communication with the annular space 34. The screen 33 facilitates the removal of dust and other materials through the opening 37 into the dust ejector structure 8.

The use of screen structures similar to screen structure 29, with one or more screens similar to sections 30 and 33, is common in many air cleaner designs, see, for example, WO 2006/06241 A1; WO 2009/014988; USSN 61/446653; USSN 61/473296; U.S. 6419718 B1; and U.S. 8864866, the descriptions of which are incorporated herein by reference. Similar signs and principles can be used in this case.

It should be noted that the use of the screen structure 29 and the dust ejector structure 8 is compatible with many applications that require an air cleaner (gas cleaner) that operates in a "two stage" or is "two stage" having a first pre-cleaning stage to separate water and larger particles from the air before it passes into the filter cartridge 25 (second stage). However, such features are generally optional, and many of the principles of the present invention can be applied to air purifiers that do not have such a two-stage configuration or pre-cleaning stage. The second filter cartridge 27 is located downstream of the filter cartridge 25 such that air passes through both the filter cartridge 25 and the filter cartridge 27 before exiting through the air outlet passage 15. It should be understood that the air purifying assembly 1 may operate with only the filter cartridge 25, only the filter cartridge 27, or both the filter cartridge 25 and the filter cartridge 27 provided together and as shown in FIG. 2.

As stated above, the features previously defined and discussed in relation to FIG. 1-2 regarding the general configuration and operation of the air cleaner (filter assembly), are well known features, forms of which have been used in a variety of systems. Certain unique characteristics of the present air purifier of FIG. 1-2 relate to specific features of the filter cartridges, and in particular those associated with their interaction with the rest of the air cleaning assembly 1. This section discusses selected features associated with this.

In general terms, as before, cartridges 25 and 27 are serviceable components. That is, they can be removed and replaced throughout the life of the air cleaner 1. A split seal is required between cartridge 25 and housing 2 and between cartridge 27 and housing to allow the cartridges to be serviceable components and to ensure that unfiltered air does not bypass cartridge 25 and /or cartridge 27 and will not fall into the exhaust pipe 15, as this may cause damage to the engine.

The filter cartridge 25 typically includes a filter media 26 extending between first and second opposing ends 41 and 42 of the media. The first end 41 of the packing is in engagement with the first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 45. The second end 42 of the packing is in engagement with the second end portion (e.g., nozzle) or portion 46. Thus, the packing 26 extends between opposing end nozzles (e.g. , end parts) 45, 46.

Although alternatives are possible with selected techniques described herein, for the illustrated example, the filter pad 26 is configured to surround the open interior filter space 26i, generally around the central axis X of the air cleaner 1 and cartridge 25. The pad 26 may be a pleated pad, although alternatives are possible. As shown, the packing 26 can be cylindrical if desired, although alternatives are possible. For example, the packing 26 may be somewhat conical in the extent between the opposing ends 41, 42. The packing may also be configured with non-circular inner and/or outer perimeters; for example, oblong, oval, or other cross-sectional configurations are possible. In some embodiments, the packing is located around the central cavity to achieve these various configurations.

Although alternatives are possible with selected techniques described herein, the second end portion (e.g., nozzle) 46 typically is a closed end portion or nozzle extending completely across the entire packing 26 at the second end 42, covering that end 42 of the packing 26 and the internal filter space 26i. That is, the end portion 46 in the case of the presented example is a closed end portion, i.e. an end portion through which an opening in communication with the open filter interior 26i does not extend.

On the other hand, the first end portion or nozzle 45 is an open end portion. That is, it surrounds and defines a central opening 50 in communication with the packing, in this example via the open filter interior 26i. In normal use, the opening 50 is an outlet for air flow from the packing, such as the open filter interior space 26i, for filtered air. In alternative applications where gas flow is reversed during filtration, opening 50 may be an inlet. In general, it represents an opening for gas flow.

For the example shown, the first end portion 45 extends completely across the entire padding 26 of the cartridge 25 from the outer perimeter 26x to the inner perimeter 26o. Typically only one central hole 50 extends through the first end portion 45.

Again, when the access cover 4 is removed from the main housing section 3, access to the interior 2i is provided for either installation or removal of the cartridge 25. The filter cartridge 25 must then be removably sealed properly with the housing 2 to protect against flow unfiltered air into the outlet tube 15. To provide this, the cartridge 25 is equipped with a first seal structure 55 (or housing seal structure).

An exemplary interaction between the housing seal or first sealing structure 55 and the housing 2 is described in US Pat. No. 8,864,866, the full disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

With regard to the first housing seal or first sealing structure 55 and other features of the first end portion (eg, 45), attention should be paid to FIG. 3 and fig. 4. It can be seen that the first sealing structure 55 defines a radially directed seal or sealing surface 55s directed to engage a portion of the air purifying assembly 1, called the first cartridge sealing surface 58, for a split seal. As shown, the first seal structure 55 forms an outward radial seal with the first cartridge sealing surface 58 when the first filter cartridge 25 is installed in the filter assembly 1.

Still referring to FIG. 3, it will be understood that the surface 55s of the first sealing structure 55 that forms a seal with the element 58 is generally a radially directed surface. Therefore, the first seal structure 55 may be referred to as a radial seal. By “radially,” as used herein, is meant that the seal or sealing surface (and the compression of the sealing surface during sealing) is directed generally toward or away from (i.e., around or relative to) the central X-axis. The particular surface 55s in the illustrated example is directed radially outward with respect to the central axis X, so that the sealing structure 55 can be characterized as "radially outward." However, it should be noted that the radially inward seal can be used in combination with some of the principles of the present invention.

It should be appreciated that the distinctive description of a seal or sealing surface as radially outward or radially inward includes situations where the forces acting on the seal may not be precisely aligned about the central X axis. That is, due to the shape or curvature of the sealing surface around or relative to center X axis, the forces compressing the seal at any particular point along the sealing surface may be directed toward one side or the other side of the center X axis. In general, the sealing surface is either on the inside of the sealing element (inward and usually facing the center axis X) or on the outside of the sealing element (outward and usually facing away from the central axis X). The direction of the force acting on the sealing element will be apparent from the following discussion. This is in contrast to an axial seal, in which the force acting on the sealing element is applied in a direction that is usually parallel to the central X-axis, and the sealing surface is usually perpendicular to the central X-axis.

It should be noted that in the illustrated example, the housing seal structure 55 includes a portion of an end portion (e.g., nozzle) 45. More generally, the housing seal structure is mounted on the filter cartridge and is configured to releasably seal with the housing, regardless of whether it contains a particular seal structure The body design is part of the end part or not.

Preferred and advantageous housing sealing structures described herein are generally "non-clamp" or "clampless" housing sealing structures. By this we mean that they are obtained when the cartridge is inserted into the housing, without the need to tighten a clamp or some type of connector around the sealing structure of the housing.

Specific features of the illustrated exemplary first seal structure 55 are described in more detail below.

In general, for the particular design shown in FIG. 3, the surface 58 with which the sealing structure 55 is removably engaged to form the first sealing structure 55 includes a sealing flange 60 directed axially inward of the housing 2 toward the access cover 4, as shown in FIG. 2.

Let us now turn to FIG. 2-A, which shows the cartridge 25 with parts shown in cross section to represent the internal parts. Note in particular the first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 45. In a typical preferred design, the end portion (e.g., nozzle) 45 includes a seal support 62 such that the molded sealing element 64 is compressed between the seal support 62 and the sealing surface 58 of the first cartridge. Preferably, the sealing pressure for the seal structure 55 on the surface 55s is controlled by providing a radially compressible material and preferably (and optionally) by incorporating a relatively rigid radial support structure (e.g., seal support 62) therein at the end portion (e.g., nozzle) 45.

In some embodiments, the support structure that provides support for the sealing structure 55 is a "blank" built into the profile 45 of the end portion (eg, nozzle). By "workpiece" in this context it is meant that the supporting structure or structure, i.e. a preformed or preform component is used in assembling the cartridge 25. Typically, the preform component is molded from plastic, although alternatives are possible. Typically, the blank component is secured to a structure that extends to the second end portion (eg, attachment) 45, although alternatives are possible. A "preform" may be formed and a sealing structure 55 may be applied to the preform by molding or other method.

The seal support 62 is typically embedded in the sealing material that forms the first seal 55 in place such that the compression of the surface 55s radially to the central axis X will be supported by the support 62 such that the amount of radial compression of the end portion (eg, nozzle) material in the area between surface 55s and support 62 will have a minimum compression of at least 5%, typically at least 15%, preferably at least about 25%, and will typically have a maximum compression of less than about 75 %. Typically, to accomplish this, the seal support 62 is spaced or separated from the surface 55s, which is at most no more than 25 mm, typically less than 15 mm, and typically in the range of about 3-15 mm. The size of the gap in this context should mean the maximum gap, i.e. mean the distance between the seal support 62 and the portion of the surface 55s which, when the surface 55s is not curved due to compression, is furthest in the radial direction from the seal support 62. This type of design, which has a seal support 62 and a seal structure 55, may be referred to as a supported seal.

Consider next the filter cartridge 27 shown in FIG. 2, 3 and 5-9, wherein the filter cartridge 27 may be referred to as a second filter element. In some embodiments, during maintenance of the filter assembly 1, when the first filter cartridge 25 is removed and replaced with a new or remanufactured filter cartridge, the second filter element 27 prevents dust or debris from entering the outlet tube 15. Additionally, if a malfunction occurs in the first cartridge 25 filter, the second filter cartridge 27 may prevent dust or debris from entering the outlet tube 15. However, as discussed above, the described features should not be interpreted as limited to the first or second filter cartridge only.

The second filter cartridge 27 includes a first end 80, a second end 82, and a filter media 28 extending between the first end 80 and the second end 82. In the exemplary second filter cartridge 27 shown, the first end 80 includes a first end portion (e.g., a nozzle) 84, and a second end 82 includes a second end portion (e.g., a nozzle) 86. If desired, the second filter cartridge 27 may be provided without the second end portion 86. That is, the second filter cartridge 27 may be provided such that the padding extends over the second end 82. In addition, the second filter cartridge 27 may be provided with a support structure 90 (eg, a liner such as a mesh) extending from the first end 80 to the second end 82 to help support the filter pack 28 while allowing gas (air) to pass through it. The filter pack 28 may be built into the first and second end portions 84 and 86. In addition, a support structure 90 for the filter pack 28 may be built into the first and second end portions 84 and 86.

The second filter cartridge 27 may be configured such that the filter media 28 is adapted to surround the open interior filter space 28i. For example, the padding 28 may be provided as a pleated pad or a non-pleated pad. As shown, the packing 28 can be cylindrical if desired, although alternatives are possible. For example, the packing 28 may be somewhat conical in the extent between the opposing ends 80, 82. Additionally, the packing may be configured with non-circular inner and/or outer perimeters. For example, the packing may be configured to have an oval, circular, or other cross-sectional configuration.

The second end portion (eg, nozzle) 86 may be provided as a closed end portion extending completely across the entire packing 28 at the second end 82, covering the second end 82 of the filter pack 28 of the filter interior space 28i. An exemplary top view of the second end cap 86 is shown, for example, in FIG. 8. The second end cap 86 may include projections 86p that help provide axial compression between the second filter cartridge 27 and the first filter cartridge 25.

The second end portion (eg, nozzle) 86 may be described as a closed end portion or nozzle, i.e. an end cap that does not have an opening therein in communication with the open filter interior 28i. In various alternative configurations, the second end 82 may be provided without an end cap. In one embodiment of the second filter element 27 without the second end cap 86, the filter media 28 extends over and surrounds the second end 82. That is, the filter pack 28 may form a seal at the second end 82, thereby preventing unfiltered air from entering the open filter interior space 28i. Alternatively, the second end 82 may be provided with a sealing structure that is mounted on a support structure of the second filter element, the support structure including a closed end corresponding to the second end 82 of the second filter cartridge 27. The rest of the support structure will be open to allow gas (air) to flow through it. However, the closed end of the support structure will, in combination with the seal at the second end of the second filter cartridge 27, prevent unfiltered air from entering the open filter 28i. Such a design is disclosed in WO 2008/045326 and WO 2009/014986, which are incorporated herein by reference.

The first end portion (eg, nozzle) 84 may include a support 92 and a second sealing element 94. The support 92 may be provided as part of the support structure 90, or the support 92 may be provided as a separate component, such as a plastic blank. As shown in FIG. 6, the support 92 may be part of the support structure 90. That is, the support structure 90 extends into the second sealing element 94 sufficiently to help support the second sealing element 94 when provided in sealing relationship with the housing 2. The combination of the support structure 90 (and/or or a support 92) and a second sealing element 94 may define a first end cap 84. The support 92 helps support the second sealing element 94 as it engages the second filter cartridge sealing surface 112 of the second filter cartridge housing sealing region 110. The second sealing member 94 may be referred to as a housing sealing structure for the second filter cartridge 27 . In general, a second sealing member 94 may be molded onto the support 92 and provides an outwardly facing sealing surface 96. Once molded, a second sealing member 94 may be provided having an outer section 94o on the outer side of the support 92 and having an inner section 94i on the inner side of the support 92.

The second sealing element 94 may include a portion 94t extending along the top of the support 92. In addition, the second sealing element 94 may include a plurality of radially outwardly extending and axially extending sections 98 and/or (for example, alternating with them) radially inwardly extending and extending in the axial direction of the sections 99. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 alternating with radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 99 are located on the outer section 94o (on the outside of the support 92) on the second sealing element 94. As shown in alternative embodiments embodiment, the second sealing element may be provided with a plurality of radially inward and axially extending sections and/or (e.g., alternating with) radially outward and axially extending sections disposed on an inner section (such as inner section 94i within the support 92) of the second sealing element 94. A configuration of a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 and/or (e.g., alternating with them) radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 99 (located on either the outer section 94o or the inner section 94i) may be referred to as the “wavy wall sealing element surface 95.” In some embodiments, a wave-wall sealing element surface profile is formed in the sealing element prior to insertion of the filter element into a housing, such as an air cleaner. In other embodiments, the sealing element acquires a wave-wall sealing element surface profile during insertion into a housing, such as an air cleaner, as a result of interaction between the sealing element and the sealing surface of the housing.

The wave-wall-shaped sealing member surface 95 may be provided as an outward-facing radial seal or as an inward-facing radial seal. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 and fig. 6A, the surface 95 of the wave-wall-shaped sealing element is shown as an outward-facing radial seal. In fig. 6B and FIG. 6C also shows an embodiment of the outwardly extending surface 95 of the sealing member in the form of a wavy wall with a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 alternating with radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 99. FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C, reference to “out” and “in” may be made relative to the reference line r. The embodiment shown in FIG. 6D and FIG. 6E comprises an inwardly wavy wall-shaped sealing member surface 95' with a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98' alternating with radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 99'. In fig. 6D and FIG. 6E, reference to “out” and “in” may be made relative to the reference line r. In embodiments containing first and second filter cartridges, the wave-wall shaped surface of the first filter cartridge may be axially coincident with the wave-wall shaped surface of the second filter cartridge.

In the embodiment of FIG. 6A, a second sealing element 94 extends circumferentially around the central open volume 15i. The central open volume 15i may be in communication with the open inner filter space 28i. In the illustrated embodiment, during operation of the filter assembly 1 when the second filter cartridge 27 is installed, air flows through the filter pack 28 into the open filter interior space 28i and then flows through the central open volume 15i and into the outlet tube 15. In other embodiments, the direction flow may be opposite.

The "wave-wall-shaped sealing element surface" is described as having outwardly projecting and inwardly projecting sections that extend in an axial direction. Since these sections extend in the axial direction, it is possible to move the sealing elements axially (in the direction along the central axis X) in and out of the sealing surface of the housing to thereby form a radial seal. In addition, since the outwardly projecting and inwardly projecting sections extend in the axial direction, the filter element, when installed, prevents rotation about the central axis X (for example, when a radial seal is formed). The sealing surface is configured to interact with a complementary "wave-wall housing sealing surface" having outwardly projecting and inwardly projecting sections that extend in an axial direction. An exemplary wave-wall housing sealing surface is shown as sealing surface 112 in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 6A, in some embodiments, the wavy wall sealing member surface 95 may be provided as part of the sealing member that is supported by the non wavy wall shaped support 92. However, in some embodiments, the sealing element does not include a support (eg, such as in embodiments in which the sealing element extends beyond the axial end of the packing and/or support structure and does not contain a separate component, such as a plastic blank). The non-wavy wall shaped support can be used to support the surface of the wavy wall shaped sealing element when the surface of the wavy wall shaped sealing element is provided as an outward radial seal and when it is provided as an inward radial seal. In some embodiments, the shape of the wall-shaped support is different from the shape of the surface of the sealing element. In such embodiments, the thickness T of the seal between the sealing surface and the wall-shaped support may vary circumferentially (eg, radially) either continuously or at intervals. In certain embodiments, the thickness T of the seal between the sealing surface and the wall-shaped support varies over at least a portion of the perimeter in a regularly repeating pattern. In some embodiments, the ratio of the maximum thickness T _me to the minimum thickness T _me is greater than 1.1, such as greater than about 1.2 (eg, greater than about 1.3). In certain embodiments, T _me is at least about 1 mm, such as at least about 2 mm (for example, at least about 4 mm).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, the wall-shaped support 92 is generally cylindrical with a constant radius. Other embodiments may have other shapes, such as an oval shape or a racetrack shape (curved ends separated by straight sides). In general, the support may be provided as non-undulating and may have a shape that does not contain an inflection point. In certain embodiments, when curved, the wall-shaped support may have a curvature that is at least 1.5 times greater than, at least 2 times greater than, or at least an order of magnitude greater than the curvature of the surface of the wave-shaped wall-shaped sealing element .

Referring to FIG. 5, the second sealing member 94 may be described as having an axial distance or height 94h from the second end 94b to the first end 94a that is sufficient to provide a seal with the sealing surface 112 of the second filter cartridge. In general, the height 94h may be at least 4 times the depth 94d, which can be defined as the distance from the deepest recess 99r of the radially inward and axially extending sections 99 to the outermost portion 98o of the radially outward and axially extending sections 98o. 98. However, in alternative embodiments, the ratio may be less than about 4. In certain embodiments, the ratio is at least 6, at least 8, and can be at least 10. In the illustrated embodiment, the height of the sealing element is generally constant. In other embodiments, the height of the sealing element is changed.

The second sealing element 94 located at the first end 80 of the second filter cartridge 27 is provided so that it fits into the filter assembly 1 in the sealing area 110 of the second filter cartridge. The second filter cartridge sealing area 110 includes a second filter cartridge sealing surface 112 located on the inner side of the axially extending threshold 114 of the second filter cartridge. The inner side of the axially extending threshold 114 of the second filter cartridge further includes a positioning surface 113 of the second filter cartridge. The positioning surface 113 helps to orient the second filter cartridge 27 so that a precise and releasable seal is formed between the second sealing element 94 at the location of the second filter cartridge sealing surface 112.

In the illustrated embodiment, an axially extending support threshold 116 is further provided. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the second sealing member 94 of the second filter cartridge 27 fits between the second filter cartridge sill 114 and the support sill 116. It should be appreciated that the support sill 116 is optional and the filter assembly 1 may be provided without the support sill 116. The support sill 116 helps provide support for the second sealing element 94, while also providing clearance for air flow within the central open volume 15i. To help provide auxiliary support for the second sealing element 94, the support threshold 116 may be divided into a plurality of support lips 118. The support lips 118 may deflect when the second filter cartridge 27 is positioned in the second filter cartridge seal area 110 and provide continuous support. in the radial direction of the second sealing element 94 relative to the sealing surface 112 of the second filter cartridge. The gaps 120 between the support edges 118 allow the plurality of support edges 118 to deflect, thereby facilitating insertion and removal of the second filter cartridge 27.

The illustrated second filter cartridge sill 114 includes a plurality of axially extending ribs 124 that extend along the inner surface 114i of the second filter cartridge sill 114 in the second filter cartridge seal region 110 in the axial direction. Axially extending ribs 124 define at least a portion of the positioning surface 113 and at least a portion of the sealing surface 112. The positioning surface 113 helps align the second sealing element 94 in the proper position so that a seal can be formed between the second sealing element 94 and the sealing surface 112 when the second filter cartridge 27 is completely inserted into the second filter cartridge sealing area 110. The ribs 124 help align the second filter cartridge 27 in the proper orientation when inserted along the positioning surface 113.

In some embodiments, the positioning surface gap 128 may be provided to help ensure that the second filter cartridge 27 is fully inserted to form a seal between the second sealing element 94 and the sealing surface 112. That is, a suitable seal may not be formed if the second sealing element element 94 engages only with the positioning surface 113 of the threshold 114 of the second filter cartridge. To obtain a proper seal, the second filter cartridge 27 must be seated such that the second sealing element 94 engages the second filter cartridge sealing surface 112 to form a seal therebetween. In addition, the gap 128 provides a division of the support structure 130 of the first filter cartridge 25. By dividing the first filter cartridge 25, the first sealing structure 55 can be more accurately aligned with the first cartridge sealing surface 58 to ensure proper insertion of the first filter cartridge 25 into the sealing structure with the housing 2.

As described, the second sealing element 94 may comprise a plurality of outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 and/or (e.g., alternating therewith) a plurality of inwardly extending axially extending sections 99. The resulting sealing surface may be referred to as a sealing surface 95 element in the form of a wavy wall. An embodiment of the sealing element surface 95 in the form of a wave-shaped wall is shown, for example, in FIG. 5 as the outward facing surface 95 of the wave-wall shaped sealing member, but the sealing surface may be provided as the inward facing surface of the wave-wall-shaped sealing member when the sealing surface is a radially inward sealing surface.

In general, the perimeter of the outwardly extending sealing surface 94s of the sealing element 94 comprises at least about 20 radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 alternating with corresponding inwardly extending and axially extending sections 99. The number may vary, but it is generally assumed that the perimeter will comprise from about 20 to about 400 (e.g., from about 20 to about 120, in particular from about 20 to about 40) radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98, alternating with inwardly extending axially extending sections 99. In some embodiments, the radially extending sealing surface comprises less than about 13 radially outward and axially extending portions alternating with less than about 13 radially inward and axially extending portions along a distance of one inch along the seal support extending around the axis of the filter cartridge.

Referring to FIG. 6A, the wavy wall sealing element surface 95 may be described in terms of a “pitch,” which is the distance from a peak to an adjacent peak of the projections 100. In the case of a wavy wall sealing element surface 95, the pitch may be defined as the distance from a peak 98pa to the neighboring peak 98pb. Alternatively, the pitch may be defined as the distance between adjacent depressions 99ta and 99tb. As previously described, the wave-wall shaped sealing element surface 95 may comprise a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 alternating with a plurality of radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 99. Radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 98 form peaks 98p, and the radially inward and axially extending sections 99 form valleys 99t. The wave-wall shaped sealing element surface 95 can be described as having a pitch that allows the maintenance person (the person installing the filter element) with a degree of positioning that allows the maintenance person to correctly position the filter element inside the housing without the need to re-position catching the filter element. That is, the filter element can be correctly positioned by only rotating the filter element within approximately plus or minus 15 degrees (preferably plus or minus 10 degrees) from the zero or neutral position.

To achieve this, the pitch may be at least 1 mm/protrusion, such as at least 2 mm/protrusion, or in some embodiments, at least 4 mm/protrusion. In certain embodiments, the pitch may be less than 25 mm/protrusion, such as less than 12 mm/protrusion, less than 10 mm/protrusion, or less than 8 mm/protrusion. In some embodiments, the pitch of the projections is relatively constant. In other embodiments, the pitch varies between protrusions or groups of protrusions.

The projections can be of any suitable shape. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6A, the projections 100 generally have a curved shape when viewed along the axis of the element insertion. In other embodiments, the projections may comprise one or more straight portions, points, or curves, and combinations thereof. The projections 100' in FIG. 6D and FIG. 6E are also presented as curved, but may be provided with one or more straight parts, points or curves and combinations thereof.

Referring again to FIG. 4 and fig. 9, it can be seen that the second filter cartridge sill 114 includes a positioning surface 113 and a sealing surface 112. As previously explained, the second sealing element 94 provides a radial seal with the sealing surface 112. The positioning surface 113 helps align the plurality of outwardly extending and axially extending sections 98 and alternating inwardly projecting and axially extending sections 99 such that the second sealing element 94 is properly oriented such that subsequent axial insertion of the second filter cartridge 27 results in a seal being formed between the second sealing element 94 and the sealing surface 112 Advantageously, the positioning surface 113 helps to form a radial seal between the second sealing element 94 and the sealing surface 112 by preventing the second sealing element 94 from twisting or compressing, which may adversely affect the life of the second sealing element 94. In addition, the second sealing element is compressed and twisted. may allow air to bypass the second sealing element 94.

The exemplary positioning surface 113 is shown to include a bevel 140 on a plurality of axially extending ribs 124 in the initial portion of the ribs 124. The exemplary positioning surface 113 is also shown to include a surface 142 that is positioned further from the X-axis than the sealing surface 112. Accordingly, When the filter cartridge 27 is axially inserted into the housing 2, the bevels 140 help align the second sealing element 94 so that the radially outwardly extending and axially extending sections 98 become oriented between adjacent axially extending ribs 124 and extending radially inward. and the axially extending sections 99 become oriented opposite the axially extending ribs 124. In the illustrated embodiment, because the surface 142 is slightly recessed relative to the sealing surface 112 located between the axially extending ribs 124, there may not be sufficient compression of the second sealing element 94 to formation of a seal when the second sealing element 94 is positioned along the positioning surface 113. It should be understood that the positioning surface 113 helps to orient the filter cartridge 27 such that, once the second filter cartridge 27 is correctly oriented, further axial insertion of the filter cartridge 27 results in to form a seal between the outward sealing surface 96 and the sealing surface 112. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the positioning surface 113 is located proximal to the sealing surface 112 in the direction of passage of the second filter cartridge 27. As also shown in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the sealing surface 112 may extend radially to the X-axis relative to the positioning surface 113.

Although the second filter cartridge threshold 114 is shown to have a positioning surface 113 and a sealing surface 112, a second filter cartridge 27 may be provided having a positioning surface and a sealing surface. In addition, the second filter cartridge 27 is shown to have a second sealing element 94 with a generally intact outwardly facing sealing surface 96. The second sealing element 94 may be modified to include both a sealing surface and a positioning surface. Additionally, the second filter cartridge threshold 114 may be modified to include a sealing surface without having a positioning surface.

Referring now to FIG. 6A, a sectional view of part of the combination of the second sealing element 94 and the support 92 is shown. In this case, the support 92 includes a support structure 90 (eg, a liner such as a mesh). As shown, the second sealing element 94 includes an outer section 94o and an inner section 94i. The illustrated second sealing member 94 may be provided with an inner section 94i having a generally constant thickness, or distance, extending from the support 92 (or support structure 90) to the inner surface 94s. In contrast, the outer section 94o provides a variable thickness, or distance, between the support 92 (or support structure 90) and the outward sealing surface 96 formed by a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending sections 98 and a plurality of alternating radially inward and outwardly extending sections 98. axially extending sections 99. In the illustrated embodiment, this variable thickness may be described as a continuously varying thickness when the surface 96 is continuous, as shown in FIG. 6A.

Due to the variable thickness between the seal support 92 and the outward sealing surface 96, the second sealing element 94 must be oriented or positioned to properly fit the similarly shaped housing sealing surface to form a seal between the outward sealing surface 96 of the sealing element 94 and sealing surface 112 of the housing. It should be understood that this advantage of properly orienting or positioning the sealing element to match the sealing surface of the housing applies to various alternative embodiments described herein in which the sealing element is provided on the first or second filter element and in which the sealing element extends radially outward or protrudes radially inward.

Referring now to FIG. 10-13, an alternative outlet tube is shown at 200. The outlet tube 200 may be used in a filter assembly such as the filter assembly 1 described in the context of FIG. 1 and 2. The outlet tube 200 may be provided as a part that is snap-connected to or otherwise attached to the main body part 3. In addition, the outlet pipe 200 may be provided integral with the main body part 3. The outlet tube 200 may be provided as a replacement for the outlet tube 15 shown in FIG. 1 and fig. 2, and includes a first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and a second filter cartridge sealing surface 204. By providing both the first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204, the outlet tube 200 makes the first cartridge sealing surface 58 shown in FIG. 3, unnecessary. That is, the sealing surface 58 of the first cartridge can be removed, and both the first filter cartridge and the second filter cartridge can be provided to form a seal with the outlet tube 200.

The outlet tube 200 includes a neck member 206 and a sealing member 208. In general, the neck member 206 is a portion that extends outside the housing. Typically, purified or filtered air passes through the neck element 206 for use downstream, such as in an internal combustion engine. The sealing element 208 extends axially into the filter assembly and provides a first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and a second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 on which the first filter cartridge and the second filter cartridge can form a seal.

The first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and/or the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 may be described as complementary to the sealing elements described herein, for example, by having a wavy or wave-shaped wall 210. The wavy or wave-shaped wall 210 may also be referred to as a sealing surface casings in the shape of a wave-shaped wall. In general, the wavy or wave-like wall 210 refers to a radial sealing surface that is not uniform around the periphery. The phrase "peripherally uneven" refers to a variable radial distance from the central X-axis to the first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and/or to the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 along their periphery about the central X-axis. As illustrated, the wavy wall 210 has a continuous surface, but a continuous surface can be viewed as a series of waves, with the waves generally aligned along a central X axis in the axial direction. The wave-shaped wall 210 includes a first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 on one side and a second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 on the opposite side. To provide a wave-shaped wall 210 with a minimum thickness, the number of waves on the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge may be equal to the number of waves provided on the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge. If the number of waves on the two surfaces is different, then the thickness of the wave-shaped wall 210 must be sufficient to accommodate different numbers of waves on each side. It should be understood that the outlet tube 200 may be provided such that the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge has a different number of waves compared to the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge.

Along the illustrated sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge, the wavy wall 210 may be described as having radially outwardly extending and axially extending portions 218 alternating with radially inwardly extending and axially extending portions 219. Along the illustrated sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge, the undulation wall may be described as having radially outwardly extending axially extending portions 218' alternating with radially inwardly extending axially extending portions 219'. In some embodiments, the wave-shaped wall 210 has a thickness 210t that varies around the circumference. The wavy wall 210 may have a thickness 210t that varies in the axial direction. In general, axial variation may occur due to the presence of a “slope” or taper in the undulating wall 210 in the axial direction. The difference in circumferential thickness may occur because the wavy pattern along the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge need not be identical to the wavy pattern along the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge. The difference in the wavy pattern of the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 and the first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 is illustrated in FIG. 10, 12 and 13. Since the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge is further from the X-axis compared to the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge, the curvature forming a wavy pattern along the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge may be different from the wavy pattern along the sealing surface 204 second filter cartridge.

Since the pattern of waves along the wavy wall 210 extends generally in the axial direction, the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge and the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge can be considered to be relatively continuous and axially uniform in the axial direction, but wavy or non-uniform around the periphery in the circumferential direction or circumferentially about the central axis X. As a result, the filter element configured to engage the wavy wall 210 can be slid into engagement by sliding in the axial direction. The peripherally uneven surface of the wave-shaped wall 210 may help prevent rotation of the first filter element and/or the second filter element in engagement with the wave-shaped wall 210. It should be understood that reference to “rotation” means the tendency of the filter elements to rotate about a central axis X. Rotation may be the result of air cleaner vibration, which is possible when the air cleaner is located on motorized vehicles such as trucks. In addition, rotation can negatively affect the seal. The wavy wall 210 may help reduce or eliminate rotation of the filter element about the central X-axis. A prior art sealing surface where the sealing surface extends circumferentially at a constant radius about the central X-axis may be referred to as "peripherally uniform" or "circumferentially uniform."

Each of the first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 of the wave-shaped wall 210 may be said to be circumferentially non-uniform due to a plurality of waves extending in the axial direction and arranged in a circumferential or circumferential direction. In the axial direction, the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge and the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge can be considered relatively consistent. However, it should be understood that taper may be present in the axial direction. This taper may result from a manufacturing process where the outlet tube 200 is, for example, injection molded. In such situations, it may be advantageous to provide a draft angle in the mold that results in a slight taper (typically less than about 3 degrees). In any case, the taper may be advantageous to help enable the sealing element on the first and second filter cartridges to engage the wavy wall 210 and slide there axially forward until fully seated.

An advantage of the wave-shaped wall 210 is the ability of the first filter cartridge and the second filter cartridge to resist rotation due to vibration passing through the air cleaning assembly. In general, when an air purifying assembly is provided on a motor vehicle, the engine of the motor vehicle tends to generate vibration, which in turn may cause the filter elements therein to move. Movement, such as rotation, of the filter element within the housing can be a problem due to the potential for it to wear out the sealing element and create leakage paths for unfiltered air to bypass the filter cartridge. Accordingly, the wavy wall 210 of the outlet tube 200 helps resist movement of the filter element. When combined with a suitable filter cartridge having a sealing element with a corresponding wave-wall shaped sealing surface, the filter cartridge can resist rotation without the need for additional structure to help secure the filter element in place. A filter cartridge with a seal structure such as discussed above can be considered to have a wave-wall shaped sealing member surface. The body wall that engages the surface of the wave-wall-shaped sealing element may be considered to have a wave-wall-shaped body sealing surface.

Another advantage of the wave-shaped wall 210 is that it allows the filter element designed to engage the wave-shaped wall 210 to have more options available for rotational engagement compared to, for example, the configurations described in US Pat. No. 8,864,866. For example, a filter element having a sealing element configured to engage the wave-shaped wall 210 has many configurations with specific positions at which it will engage the wave-shaped wall 210 to provide the desired seal. This in turn makes servicing the air cleaner more convenient for the maintenance person. It should be appreciated that this "positioning" is applied when the surface of the sealing element is formed, prior to insertion into a housing having a shape that corresponds to the shape of the wave-shaped wall 210. In other embodiments, the surface of the sealing element takes the shape of the wave-shaped wall 210 or its mirror image as a result of insertion filter element into a sealing relationship with the wave-shaped wall 210. In such a situation, positioning cannot be applied when the surface of the sealing element does not have, before introducing the filter element into a sealing relationship with the wave-shaped wall, a shape corresponding to the shape of the wave-shaped wall.

As discussed previously, the wave-wall sealing surface 95 includes a plurality of projections 100. The projections 100 on the wave-wall sealing surface 95 are provided to engage the wave-wall 210. In the case of the sealing structure illustrated in FIG. 6A, the projections 100 will engage the recesses 218' (outwardly projecting and axially extending portions) along the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge. Due to the generally small size of the projections 100, it is convenient to rotate the filter element slightly in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction about the central X axis to find the correct orientation in which the projections 100 engage the recesses 218'. Accordingly, the service technician who inserts the element into the air cleaner can rotate the element within the rotation of the hand and find engagement when the sealing element 96 engages the wave-shaped wall 210. This type of positioning eliminates the need for large turning movements or multiple hand movements maintenance technician to properly align the filter element with the wave-shaped wall 210. Additionally, there is a tactile feedback effect where the maintenance person can feel that the filter element is in the correct air cleaner housing due to the ease with which it aligns and engages with wave-shaped wall 210. As a result, the maintenance person can be confident that the filter element is the correct filter element for the air cleaner and is correctly oriented because the sealing element mates with the wave-shaped wall 210.

For any given installation, there are two potential directions of rotation for engagement after initial element insertion. The self-positioning features described herein facilitate movement in a direction requiring less rotation. For this direction, the maximum rotation for positioning can be expressed in degrees by the following formula: 360 degrees / (number of lugs x 2).

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 10-11, the outlet tube 200 includes stop members 212, each of which has a stop surface 214 that limits the extent to which the filter cartridge can be inserted along the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge. The outlet tube 200 is shown as a snap-attach outlet tube that is snap-fitted to the body body. The housing wall may slide over the latch extension 215 and engage the outlet tube stop 216. As a result, the housing wall may be positioned between the protruding latch portion 215 and the stop 216. Additionally, a filter element configured to engage the wavy wall 210 may slide into engagement along the first cartridge sealing surface 202 and may be stopped by the housing wall. .

As shown, the wave-shaped wall 210 includes a first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 and a second filter cartridge sealing surface 204. Each of the surfaces 202 and 204 of the illustrated wavy wall 210 may be described as having radially outwardly extending axially extending sections 218 and 218' alternating with radially inwardly extending axially extending sections 219 and 219'. The first filter cartridge sealing surface 202 may be described as having a plurality of alternating peaks (or ridges) 220 and valleys (or grooves) 222. Likewise, the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 may be described as having a plurality of alternating peaks (or ridges) 224 and valleys ( or grooves) 226. As shown, the plurality of peaks 220 and valleys 222 and the plurality of peaks 224 and valleys 226 extend generally continuously in the axial X direction from the first end 230 to the second end 232.

In some embodiments, the size of the sealing surface 202 and/or the sealing surface 204 may vary from the first end 230 to the second end 232. For example, the sealing surface 202 may extend further from the central X-axis to the second end 232 compared to the first end 230. As In yet another example, the sealing surface 204 may extend closer to the central X axis toward the second end 232 compared to the first end 230. This change in size may serve to increase the pressure on the sealing member that is inserted from the first end 230 toward the second end 232 to help create a seal. The change in size can be intermittent (for example, stepwise) or gradual (for example, smoothly changing). In some embodiments, the plurality of peaks 220 and valleys 222 and/or the plurality of peaks 224 and valleys 226 may be provided as generally stepped or gradually varying to have a different size at the first end 230 compared to the second end 232. Alternatively, a plurality of alternating peaks 220 and troughs 222 and/or a plurality of peaks 224 and troughs 226 may be provided as generally uniform from first end 230 to second end 232, although it should be appreciated that due to manufacturing techniques, a slope angle may be present. In general, draft angle refers to the angle provided in the design to facilitate demoulding. Slope angles from about 0.5 degrees to about 3 degrees can be used.

Based on the orientation shown in FIG. 10, the peaks 220 and valleys 222 on the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge correspond to the outwardly extending axially extending portions 218 and the inwardly projecting and axially extending portions 219, respectively, and the peaks 224 and valleys 226 on the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge correspond to the inwardly and axially extending portions 219' and the outwardly extending and axially extending portions 218', respectively. Thus, the projections on the sealing element engaging the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge fit into the depressions 222 between adjacent peaks 220. Likewise, the projections on the sealing element engaging the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge fit into the valleys 226 between neighboring peaks 224.

In the illustrated embodiments, the peaks 220 and 224 are provided with chamfers 234 and 236. In general, the chamfers 234 and 236 facilitate insertion and positioning of filter cartridges along the wavy wall 210. If provided, the chamfers 234 and 236 may be provided to extend at an angle of from about 10 degrees to about 80 degrees. degrees relative to the central X-axis. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 11, chamfers 234 and 236 extend at angles of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the central X-axis. Although the absence of a chamfer may be acceptable (for example, when a surface extends at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the X-axis), it is possible that a non-chamfered surface may more likely to engage the sealing element of the first filter element and/or the second filter element and cause unwanted wear of the sealing element.

Several filter cartridge designs are disclosed having either a sealing element with an inwardly directed radial sealing element or an outwardly directed radial sealing element with a wave-wall shaped sealing element surface as defined previously. In addition, such sealing elements may be configured to match the wave-wall housing sealing surfaces described previously, or alternative wave-wall housing sealing surfaces.

Referring now to FIG. 14-17, a cartridge (e.g., auxiliary or protective) is shown at reference numeral 250. The filter cartridge 250 includes a first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 252, a second end portion (e.g., nozzle) 254, a filter packing 256 extending from the first end nozzles 252 to second end nozzle 254, and a liner 258 supporting the filter pack 256 and also extending from the first end nozzle 252 to the second end nozzle 254. The filter pack 256 can be described as extending from the first end 256a to the second end 256b, and the liner 258 may be described as extending from first end 258a to second end 258b. In general, the first filter pad end 256a and the first liner end 258a may be incorporated in the first end cap 252, and the second filter pad end 256b and the second liner end 258b may be integrated in the second end cap 254. The first end cap 252 can be described as open. end nozzle 260 by virtue of a central opening 262 that allows filtered air to flow from a central area 264 within the filter element 250 and through the outlet tube 200. The second end nozzle 254 can be described as a closed end nozzle 266 because it extends over the second end 256b of the filter media and covers the second end 256b of the filter pack. The filter element 250 may be provided without a second end packing 254 if the packing is provided as continuous along the second end 256b.

The filter pack 256 may be provided as any type of packing, such as the packing typically used in auxiliary filter elements. Exemplary padding includes pleated and non-pleated padding (such as non-woven padding) and multi-layer laminate.

When the filter pack 256 is embedded or inserted into the first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 252 and/or the second end nozzle 254, the first end 256a may be provided extending to the gap 259, and the second end 256b may be provided to extend to the gap 259. Likewise, the ends 258a and 258b of the liner may also extend to the gap 259.

The first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 252 includes an outward facing surface 270. In the illustrated embodiment, the outward facing surface 270 includes a start region 272, a transition region 274, and a sealing region 276. The sealing region 276 may be described as having a sealing element surface in the shape of a wave. walls as previously defined.

The lead area 272 generally helps to properly orient the filter cartridge 250 within the outlet tube 200 so that the sealing area 276 properly engages the wave-shaped wall 210 to form a radial seal. Generally, during maintenance of an air cleaner comprising an outlet tube 200 (e.g., FIG. 11), a second filter cartridge 250 is inserted into the housing such that the lead area 272 engages a chamfer 236 such that a plurality of ridges 272r and troughs 272t the first end portion 252 engages with corresponding depressions 226 and ridges 224 on the sealing surface 204 of the second filter element (see FIG. 10). As shown in FIG. 14, a plurality of ridges 272r and a plurality of valleys 272t extend from a starting region 272, through a transition region 274 where they become ridges 274r and valleys 274t, and into a sealing region 276 where they become ridges 276r and valleys 2761. In the case of the filter element 250, the ridges may be generally described as radially outwardly extending and axially extending portions, and the recesses may be generally described as radially inwardly extending and axially extending portions.

The starting area 272 helps to properly align the filter element 250 with the outlet tube 200. The correct positioning informs the maintenance person that the filter 250 is in the correct position for axial insertion. The transition region 274 assists in subsequent proper orientation of the filter element 250 within the outlet passage 200 such that the sealing region 276 engages with the outlet tube 200 and forms a seal when the filter element 250 is fully seated within the outlet tube 200. The transition region 274 can be of a desired length. , but the purpose of the transition portion 274 is to help facilitate the transition from the start region 272 to the sealing region 276. The transition region 274 may be omitted. In such a situation, the sealing element extends directly from the start region 272 to the sealing region 276. Also, if necessary, the start region 272 can be eliminated.

To promote the formation of a seal between the sealing region 270 and the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge, the ridges and valleys may be modified in each of the regions. For example, in the initial region 272 and transition region 274, the depth of the valleys, the height of the ridges, and/or the thickness of the walls between the valleys and the ridges can be adjusted to allow the filter element 250 to be easily oriented and inserted within the outlet tube 200. For example, the depth of the dimples may be greater in the initial region 272 and transition region 274 compared to the sealing region 276 to allow easier movement between the dimples 272t and 274t and the corresponding peaks 224 on the outlet tube 200. Likewise, ridges 272r and 274r may be provided on lower in height than the ridge 276r to assist easy movement of the filter element 250 relative to the corresponding depressions 226 on the outlet tube 200. In addition, the width of the projections in the initial region 272 and the transition region 274 may be smaller compared to the sealing region 276 to assist the easy movement of the filter element 250 relative to the outlet tube 200. These features can be adjusted throughout the initial region 272 and the transition region 274 to facilitate the formation of a seal between the sealing region 276 and the sealing surface 204 of the second filter element.

In some embodiments, when the filter cartridge 250 is inserted into the second filter cartridge sealing surface 204 of the wavy wall 210, the sealing area 276 begins to contact and slide against the second filter cartridge seal support surface 204 until the second filter cartridge 250 is seated. engagement with a plurality of locking elements 212.

Referring now to FIG. 18-20, an alternative filter cartridge or element (eg, ancillary or protective) filter is shown at reference numeral 300. The filter cartridge 300 is similar to the filter cartridge 250 except that the filter cartridge 300 is configured to fit the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge ( 10), and also correspond to the discharge tube of the prior art, in which the sealing surface of the second filter cartridge is uniform along the periphery around the X-axis. In the illustrated embodiment, the filter cartridge 300 includes a first end portion (eg, a nozzle) 302, a second end portion. (e.g., nozzle) 304, a filter pack 306 extending from the first end nozzle 302 to the second end nozzle 304, and an insert 308 supporting the filter pack 306 and also extending from the first end nozzle 302 to the second end nozzle 304. The second end nozzle 304 may be described as a closed end cap and may be provided similar to end cap 254. The first end cap 302 includes an outward facing surface 320, which may also include a start region 322, a transition region 324, a wave-wall shaped seal region 326, and a uniform peripheral seal region 328. A generally circumferentially uniform radial sealing area 328 has an outer perimeter configured to form a seal with a prior art outlet tube having a generally circumferentially uniform sealing surface. In general, the outer peripheral surface of the circumferentially uniform sealing surface 328 extends to a location that is at least as large as the peaks of the wave-wall-shaped sealing region 326.

An advantage of the filter element design 300 over the filter design 250 is that the filter structure 300 can be used to form a seal with a wave-wall outlet tube, such as the outlet tube 200 shown in FIG. 10, as well as a prior art outlet tube seal where the outlet tube is circumferentially uniform. As a result, the filter element 300 can be used in an innovatively designed air purifier according to the present invention and can also be used in a prior art air purifier having an outlet tube sized to form a seal with a circumferentially uniform, radially directed sealing area 328. The filter element 300 can be advantageous in that it allows the technician performing vehicle maintenance to have one filter element in stock, which can be used in different air purifiers.

Referring now to FIG. 21-23, a filter cartridge or element (e.g., primary or main) is shown at reference numeral 350. As shown, the filter cartridge 350 includes a first end portion (e.g., nozzle) 352, a second end portion (e.g., nozzle) 354, a packing 356 filter and liner 358. Filter pack 356 has a first end 356a and a second end 356b. In general, a first filter pad end 356a may be incorporated in a first end cap 352, and a second filter pad end 356b may be incorporated in a second end cap 354. In addition, the liner 358 has a first liner end 358a and a second liner end 358b. The first end 358a of the liner may also be built into the first end cap 352, and the second end 358b of the liner may also be built into the second end cap 354. In addition, the filter pack 256 may be provided supported by the liner 258. The filter pack 256 may be provided as cylindrical or a conical pleated packing or any other type of packing configuration that provides the filter cartridge 350 with a central open volume 360.

Referring now to FIG. 24-25, a first end portion (eg, nozzle) 352 is shown in detail. The first end nozzle 352 includes a central open volume 362 that is in communication with a central open volume 360 of the filter element. Accordingly, the first end cap 352 may be described as an open end cap 364. In contrast, the second end cap 354 may be described as a closed end cap 366. During operation, the filtered air passes through the filter pack 356 into the central open volume 360 and then from the filter cartridge 350 through the central open volume 362. If a second filter cartridge, such as cartridge 250 or 300, is also provided in the housing, the second filter cartridge is located in the central open volume 360, and the air that passes through the filter pack 356 then passes through filter packing 256 both into the open volume 264 of the second filter cartridge and out through the central open volume 362 of the first end cap.

The open end portion (eg, nozzle) 364 includes a first end 367, a second end 369, and an inner surface 370 extending between the first end 367 and the second end 369. The inner surface 370 defines a central open volume 362 and may be configured to engage and form a seal with the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge of the wavy wall 210 (see, for example, FIG. 10). The inner surface 370 may form an inwardly directed radial seal.

As shown, the inner surface 370 includes a start region 372, an optional circumferentially uniform radial sealing region 378, a transition region 374, and a non-peripherally uniform radial sealing region 376. The optional circumferentially uniform radial sealing region 378 may be omitted from the filter element 350, and is provided in the event that it is desired that the filter element 350 conform to both the sealing surface of the filter cartridge, which can be described as a wave-wall housing sealing surface (such as surface 202 in FIG. 10), and the outlet tube of a prior art air cleaner, having a peripherally uniform sealing surface around the X-axis. In case the filter cartridge 350 includes an optional circumferentially uniform radial sealing area 378, a filter element for both the air purifier of the present invention having a casing sealing surface in the shape of a wave-shaped wall and for a prior art air purifier comprising a radial sealing surface that is uniform around the periphery.

The initial region 372, the transition region 374, and the peripherally non-uniform radial sealing region 376 can be described as having a plurality of radially outwardly extending axially extending portions 390 alternating with a plurality of radially inwardly extending axially extending portions 392. These portions 390 and 392 may be provided to extend axially along each of areas 372, 374 and 376, but not along area 378 if area 378 is present. The radially outward and axially extending portions 390 may be described as valleys 394, and the radially inward and axially extending portions 392 may be described as peaks or ridges 396. The projections 400 formed by peaks 396 between adjacent valleys 394 may be are provided to fit into corresponding recesses 222 on the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge (FIG. 10). Likewise, the dimples 394 are provided to receive the peaks 220 on the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge. It should be appreciated that reference to "outward" and "inward" denotes a direction either from or toward the central axis X. Thus, the outwardly extending axially extending portions 390 may be referred to as recesses 394, and the inwardly extending axially extending portions 392 may be referred to as peaks 396. Like filter elements 250 and 300, the size and shape of valleys 394 and peaks 396 can be modified and adjusted throughout the initial region 372, transition region 374, and radial seal region 376 to facilitate positioning of filter element 350 relative to the outlet tube 200, and also to make it easier to insert the filter element 350 into the outlet tube 200.

The radial sealing region 376 includes a wave-wall sealing element surface 398 that also includes a plurality of projections 400. As discussed previously, the wave-wall sealing element surface can be described in terms of a “pitch,” which is the distance from a peak to an adjacent peak projections 400. In the case of a wave-wall shaped sealing element surface 376, the pitch may be defined as the distance between adjacent peaks. Alternatively, the pitch can be defined as the distance between adjacent dimples. The wave-wall shaped sealing element surface 376 can be described as having a pitch that allows the maintenance person (the person installing the filter element) with a degree of positioning that allows the maintenance person to correctly position the filter element inside the housing without having to re-position gripping the filter element as described above. As the filter cartridge 350 is inserted into the wave-shaped wall 210, the start region 372 engages with the wave-shaped wall 210, thereby positioning the filter cartridge 350 in the correct orientation for subsequent insertion in the axial direction. A circumferentially uniform radial sealing surface 378, if present, engages an axially continuous insert wavy wall 210. Subsequent insertion in the axial direction causes the transition region 374 to engage the wavy wall 210 to help further orient the filter cartridge 350 and facilitate movement toward the radial sealing region 376 engaging the wavy wall 210 where a radial seal is formed. .

It should be appreciated that for the filter cartridge 350, the peripherally non-uniform radial sealing surface 376 and the peripherally uniform radial sealing surface 378 (if present) are recessed relative to the first end 367 of the open end cap 364. In addition, the sealing surfaces 376 and 378 may be described as being provided inside the 356 filter packing. In addition, by recessing the sealing surfaces 376 and 378 from the first end 367, the sealing surfaces 376 and 378 are protected from dust or debris when the filter cartridge 350 is mounted on a dirty surface. For example, the sealing surfaces 376 and 378 may be axially recessed by at least about 1 millimeter relative to the first end 367.

Referring now to FIG. 26-32, alternative filter assemblies and filter cartridges are described in the context of an alternative filter pack. Concepts for a wave-wall sealing element surface on a filter cartridge engaging a corresponding wave-wall housing sealing surface on a filter assembly are described. In addition, the concept of a wave-wall-shaped sealing element surface on a filter element supported by a non-wave-wall-shaped seal support is also described. The projection and pitch definitions presented previously also apply in these alternative embodiments.

Referring now to FIG. 26, a sectional view of a portion of an air cleaning assembly is shown at reference numeral 400. The air cleaning assembly 400 includes an air cleaner housing 402 and a first filter element, or filter cartridge, 404. With the exception of the first filter cartridge sealing surface 406 on the housing 402 and the radial sealing surface 408 on the first filter cartridge 404, the filter cartridge 404 may be generally comparable to that disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,396,376, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The first filter cartridge sealing surface 406 is provided extending along the periphery of the inner surface 410 of the housing 402 and includes a housing sealing surface 412 in the form of a wave-shaped wall having radially outwardly extending and axially extending portions 414 alternating with radially inwardly extending and axially extending portions 416 Similarly, the filter cartridge 404 includes a seal support 420 having a seal member 422 molded thereon. The seal support 420 may be described as a non-wave-shaped seal support. The radial sealing surface 408 of the sealing element 422 likewise includes a plurality of radially outward and axially extending portions 424 alternating with a plurality of radially inward and axially extending portions 426. The sealing element 422 may include a starting region 428 that helps align the filter cartridge 404 with the housing 402. The initial region 428 may include chamfers 430 in a plurality of radially outwardly extending and axially extending portions 414 to assist in properly engaging the sealing surface 406 of the first filter cartridge. When the filter cartridge 404 is fully inserted into the housing 402, the radial sealing surface 408 engages the sealing surface 406 of the first filter cartridge and forms a seal. The radial sealing surface 408 may be described as an outwardly directed radial sealing surface.

The filter cartridge 404 may be provided with a z-shaped filter pack 450 having a flow inlet surface 452 and an opposing flow outlet surface 454. A seal support structure 456 may be provided on top of the flow outlet surface 454, which may include a lattice operating structure 457 that extends over the flow outlet surface 454, and a seal support 420 that supports the seal element 422. The seal element 422 may be molded over the support. 420 seals and over the periphery 458 of the packing. In addition, the filter element 404 may include an end portion (eg, frame) 460 located adjacent the flow inlet surface 454. The end portion 460 may be used to assist in inserting or removing the filter cartridge 404 into or out of the air cleaner housing 402.

Referring now to FIG. 27, the air purifier 400 is similar to that shown in FIG. 26, except for the additional air inlet area 470. The air inlet area 470 may be referred to as a pre-cleaner 472 and includes a plurality of centrifugal separators 474 that receive air from the first end 476, swirl the air through the plurality of centrifugal separators 472 to remove large solids, and then allow the pre-cleaned air to exit through outlet channel 478 of the pre-cleaner. The pre-cleaned air from the pre-cleaner outlet 478 then flows into the first filter cartridge 404 flow inlet surface 452. Cleaner 480 may be provided to remove large solids. As shown in FIG. 27, a radial sealing surface 408 on the filter cartridge 404 is in sealing relationship with a first filter cartridge sealing surface 406 on the housing 402.

Referring now to FIG. 28-31, an alternative air cleaning assembly is shown at reference numeral 500. The air cleaning assembly 500 is similar to the air cleaning assembly 400 in some respects. The air purifier housing 502 includes a wave-shaped wall 505 having a first filter cartridge wave-shaped sealing surface 506 and a second filter cartridge wave-shaped sealing surface 507. The first filter cartridge 504 includes a sealing element 510 having a wave-wall-shaped sealing element surface 512 that is configured as an inwardly directed radial sealing surface. The filter element wave-wall sealing element surface 512 is configured to engage the wave-wall housing sealing surface 506. Likewise, the second filter cartridge 520 includes a sealing element 522 having a wave-wall-shaped sealing element surface 524 that is provided as an outwardly directed radial seal. The wave-wall sealing member surface 524 is configured to engage the wave-wall housing sealing surface 507.

The first filter element 504 may be configured with a seal support 530, a twisted and grooved packing 532, an end portion (eg, frame) 534, and a crossbar structure 536. The packing package 532 may be provided with a flow inlet surface 538 and a flow outlet surface 539. The second filter cartridge 520 is shown including a pleated pad 540 and a support member 542 for supporting the pleated pad, as well as a sealing member 522.

Referring now to FIG. 32, an alternative air cleaning assembly 580 is provided which is similar to the air cleaning assembly 500 except for the addition of a pre-cleaning assembly 582. A pre-cleaning unit 582 may be provided, having a design similar to the pre-cleaning device 472.

The specific material selected for packing is a matter of selection for the selected application. When the filter assembly is an air cleaner, any of a variety of packing materials used in air cleaners can be used in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

The packing package may contain only the packing, or the packing may be provided with an inner and/or outer liner before being installed in the cartridge. The padding may be pleated, non-pleated, or wavy padding, although additional alternatives are possible. The packing can be provided in a variety of configurations, including cylindrical and conical, and with a variety of inner and/or outer perimeter definitions, such as round or oval.

It should be noted that the compaction of structures is sometimes described as “radial”. However, due to the non-circular shape, some of the compaction forces will be directed differently and not specifically toward or away from the central X axis of the cartridge. However, seals are described herein as "radial" because, in general, the sealing surfaces on the cartridge and housing are generally radial, and the sealing forces are either radially outward or radially inward about the X-axis, depending on which this is the outer or inner sealing surface. In other words, the compressive forces are generally not axial (ie, not directed in the longitudinal direction of the X-axis), but rather are generally radial. However, there are applications in which the compaction forces are not aligned directly toward or away from the X-axis in each of these non-round configurations.

More generally, radial seals comprise sealing surfaces that surround (orient away from) a central axis. This central axis will in many cases include the central axis of the filter cartridge, around which the packing is also located. However, from the alternative designs described below herein, it will be understood that a radial seal may be a seal surrounding an axis that is not also the central axis for the cartridge (in contrast, an axial seal is a seal that is generally aligned with the central axis , around which the seal is located, and also, usually, but not necessarily in all cases, the central X axis of the cartridge).

In the general terminology used herein, the various body sealing structures illustrated may also be described as generally comprising a radially directed sealing surface, since the sealing direction for the various body seals illustrated in the drawings is generally with the sealing surface engaging the some part of the housing (whether it is part of the exhaust tube or the outer part of the housing, depending on which of the two housing seals is considered), which can be generally described as a "radially directed surface". In each case, the surface that actually forms the seal is directed around (and faces towards or away from) the central X axis (usually also the cartridge), as opposed to an axial seal, which would generally be with sealing forces directed in the longitudinal direction central axis X. Examples presented are "outer radial seal surfaces" or "outward radial seals" since the actual surface of the sealing element on the cartridge that will form a seal when engaged with the housing is generally directed away from the central axis of the cartridge, as opposed to direction towards the axis. However, many of the principles described herein can be applied to alternative designs in which the sealing surface on the cartridge that engages the housing to form a seal is directed radially toward the central axis.

The radial body seals described herein may be generally described as "non-clamp", "non-clamp" or "clampless" designs or similar terms. By this it is meant that sealing structures generally do not involve the use of a clamp, such as a hose clamp or other element, that must be tightened to ensure a reliable seal. Instead, seals are created by simple installation, with the compression of the seal material against the housing surface being directed by the cartridge component.

The principles described herein can be applied to a variety of filter assemblies. Examples are described in which the principles are applied to gas (air) filter units. Examples described include air filters and crankcase ventilation filter units. The principles can be applied to a variety of alternative gas filtration designs, in some cases even with liquid filter assemblies.

The principles of the present invention relate to advantageous ways of interacting between filter cartridges and air purifier systems to achieve certain selected desired results, which are discussed below. The filter cartridge will typically contain a filter media inside, through which air and other gases pass during the filtration operation. Padding can come in a variety of types and configurations and can be made using a variety of materials. For example, pleated packing designs can be used in cartridges according to the principles of the present invention, as discussed below.

The principles are particularly well adapted for use in situations where the packing is sufficiently deep between the inlet and outlet ends of the cartridge, but alternatives are possible. The principles are also often used in cartridges that have relatively large transverse dimensions. In such designs, alternative types of packing to pleated packing will often be desirable.

This section provides examples of some packing designs suitable for use in the techniques described herein. However, it should be understood that a variety of alternative types of packing may be used. The choice of packing type is generally made based on preference for one of: availability; functionality in a given application situation, ease of mass production, etc., and the selection is not necessarily specifically related to the overall function of the selected various filter cartridge/air purifier interaction features described herein.

Corrugated filter packing (eg, packing containing ridges of the packing) can be used in a variety of ways to create fluid filter designs. One well known method described herein is the z-shaped filter design. As used herein, the term "z-filter design" is intended to include, but is not limited to, a type of filter design in which individual pleated, folded, or otherwise shaped filter flutes are used to form (usually in combination with a liner packing) sets of longitudinal , typically parallel, inlet and outlet ribs of the filter to allow fluid to flow through the packing. Some examples of z-shaped filter packing are presented in US Pat. No. 5,820,646; No. 5772883; No. 5902364; No. 5792247; No. 5895574; No. 6210469; No. 6190432; No. 6350296; No. 6179890; No. 6235195; industrial design patents Des. No. 399944; Des. No. 428128; Des. No. 396098; Des. No. 398046; and Des. No. 437401; provided that each of these cited references is incorporated herein by reference.

One type of z-shaped filter pack uses two special packing components joined together to form the pack structure. The two components are: (1) a sheet or sheet section of corrugated (usually corrugated) packing and (2) a sheet or sheet section of liner packing. The liner sheet is typically not corrugated, however it may be corrugated, for example, perpendicular to the direction of the corrugation, as described in US Provisional Application No. 60/543804, filed February 11, 2004 and published August 25, 2005 as an international PCT application WO 05/077487, incorporated herein by reference.

The grooved packing section and the liner packing section may contain separate materials relative to each other. However, they may also be sections of a single sheet of padding folded to bring the facing padding material into proper contact with the grooved padding portion of the padding.

To form a packing containing parallel corrugations, a sheet of corrugated (usually corrugated) packing and a sheet of facing packing or combined sheet sections are typically used. In some cases, the corrugated sheet and liner sheet are separate and then bonded together and then coiled into a packing strip to form a z-pack filter structure. Such designs are described, for example, in US Pat. No. 6,235,195 and US Pat. No. 6,179,890, each of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some other designs, several non-coiled sections or strips of corrugated (usually corrugated) packing bonded to a liner packing are stacked together to create a filter structure. One example of such a design is described in relation to FIG. 11 US Pat. No. 5,820,646, incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, tapes of material comprising a corrugated sheet (a sheet of padding with ridges) bonded to a corrugated sheet, which has then been stacked to form packages of padding, are sometimes referred to as "single face tapes", "single face tapes" or "single face tapes". single-cover" padding or padding "with one front side". These terms and their variations are intended to indicate that in each strip one face surface is covered with the facing sheet, i.e. the single face surface of a corrugated (usually corrugated) sheet.

Typically, coiling a tape consisting of a combination of corrugated sheet/face sheet (i.e., single-face tape) around itself to create a package of coiled packing is done with the face sheet facing outward. Certain coiling techniques are described in US Provisional Patent Application 60/467521, filed May 2, 2003, and PCT Application US 04/07927, filed March 17, 2004, now published as WO 04/082795, each which are incorporated herein by reference. The resulting coiled structure as a whole comprises a portion of the facing sheet as the outer surface of the packing package.

As used herein, the term "corrugated" refers to the structure in the packing and is often used to refer to the corrugated structure resulting from the passage of the packing between two corrugated rollers, i.e. passing into a gap or shed between two rolls, each of which contains surface features suitable for creating corrugations in the resulting packing. The term "corrugation", however, is not intended to be limited to such corrugations unless it is stated that they are derived from corrugations produced by techniques involving passing the packing into a shed between two corrugating rolls. The term "corrugated" is intended to apply even when the packing is further modified or deformed after corrugation, for example by folding techniques described in PCT WO 04/007054, published January 22, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference. .

Corrugated padding is a special form of corrugated padding. Grooved packing is packing containing individual grooves or ridges (eg, formed by corrugation or folding) extending across it.

Serviceable filter element or filter cartridge configurations that use a z-shaped filter pack are sometimes called "straight-through configurations" or variations thereof. Generally in the present context, it is meant that serviceable filter elements or filter cartridges typically have a flow inlet end (or surface) and an opposing flow outlet end (or surface), with the flow entering and exiting the filter cartridge generally in one and in the same direct flow direction. The term "serviceable" as used herein is meant to refer to a filter cartridge containing a packing that is periodically removed from the associated fluid (eg, air) purifier and replaced. In some cases, each of the flow inlet end (or surface) and the flow outlet end (or surface) may be generally flat or planar, being parallel to each other. However, other options are possible, such as non-planar surfaces.

The straight-through configuration (especially for coiled or stacked packing) occurs, for example, in contrast to serviceable filter cartridges such as cylindrical pleated filter cartridges of the type shown in US Pat. No. 6,039,778, incorporated herein by reference, in which the flow as a whole makes a significant turn as it passes into and out of the packing. That is, in the filter according to patent No. 6039778, the flow enters the cylindrical filter cartridge through the cylindrical side, and then turns to exit through the open end of the packing (in once-through systems). In a typical reverse flow system, the flow enters the service cylindrical cartridge through the open end of the packing and then turns to exit through the cylindrical packing side of the filter. One example of such a reverse flow system is shown in US Pat. No. 5,613,992, incorporated herein by reference.

The term "z-filter pack design" and variations thereof as used herein are intended to include, but are not necessarily limited to, any or all of the following: a web of corrugated or otherwise grooved packing (packing containing packing ridges) bonded to (facing) packing, regardless of whether these sheets are separate or parts of one sheet, with a corresponding seal (sealing) configured to form inlet and outlet corrugations; and/or packing packing made or formed from such packing into a three-dimensional network of inlet and outlet corrugations; and/or a filter cartridge or structure containing such a packing of padding.

In general, filter media is a relatively flexible material, usually a nonwoven fibrous material (cellulose fibers, synthetic fibers, or both), often containing resin, sometimes treated with additional materials. Thus, it can be formed or formed into various corrugated structures without causing unacceptable damage to the packing. In addition, it can be easily coiled or otherwise adapted for use, also without causing unacceptable damage to the packing. Of course, it must be of such a nature that it will maintain the desired corrugated configuration during use.

As a rule, during the corrugation process the packing is subject to deformation. Once the tension is released, the corrugations or corrugations will tend to partially come back, restoring only part of the stretching and bending that occurred. A sheet of liner packing is sometimes attached to a sheet of corrugated packing to prevent this backflow in the corrugated sheet.

The padding of the corrugated (corrugated) sheet facing the sheet, or the padding of both sheets, may be provided with fine fiber material on one or both sides thereof, for example, according to the U.S. document. 6673136, incorporated herein by reference. In some cases where such fine fiber material is used, it may be desirable to provide the fine fiber on the upstream side of the material.

The difficulty with z-shaped filter designs is sealing the ends of the individual flutes. Although alternatives are possible, usually a sealant or adhesive is provided to achieve the seal. It is apparent from the above discussion that in a typical z-shaped filter pack, particularly one that uses straight flutes as opposed to tapered flutes, and sealant to seal the flutes, large surface areas (and volume) of sealant are required as in the above at the downstream end, and at the downstream end. High quality seals in these locations are important for the proper operation of the resulting packing structure. The large volume and area of the sealant creates difficulties in this regard.

The techniques described herein are particularly well adapted for use in packing packages resulting from the step of coiling a single sheet containing a perforated sheet/face sheet combination, i.e. "single-cover" tape. However, they can also be manufactured in stacked designs.

Coiled packing or packing package designs may be provided with different perimeter definitions around the periphery. As used herein, the term "peripheral perimeter definition" and variations thereof are intended to refer to a defined outer perimeter shape when considering either the inlet end or the outlet end of a packing or packing package. Typical shapes are round, as described in PCT document WO 04/007054. Other suitable shapes are rectangular with rounded corners, with some examples of rectangular shapes with rounded corners being oval. Typically, oval shapes have opposing curved ends connected by a pair of opposing sides. In some oval shapes, the opposite sides are also curved. In other oval shapes, sometimes called racetrack shapes, the opposing sides are generally straight. Racetrack forms are described, for example, in PCT document WO 04/007054 and PCT application US 04/07927, published as WO 04/082795, each of which is incorporated herein by reference.

Another way of describing the shape of the periphery or perimeter is to define the perimeter resulting from taking a cross-section through the packing package in a direction orthogonal to the direction of the helix winding.

Opposite flow ends or flow surfaces of a packing or packing package can be provided with a variety of different definitions. In many designs, the ends or end surfaces are generally flat (planar) and perpendicular to each other. In other designs, one or both end surfaces include tapered, eg stepped, portions that may be defined as either projecting axially outward from the axial end of a side wall of the packing package or projecting axially inward from the end of the side wall of the packing package.

Grooved seals (e.g., single-layer, wrap-layer, or lay-up layer) can be formed from a variety of materials. In the various references cited and included, hot melt or polyurethane seals are described as being possible for a variety of applications.

In fig. 33 generally shows a package of coiled padding (or coiled packing) 830 made by coiling a single strip of padding with a single face. The particular coiled pad package illustrated is an oval pad package 830a, specifically a racetrack shaped pad package 831. The back side of the padding on the outside of the padding package 830 is shown at 831x. For convenience and compaction, the back side will typically end along a straight section of the packing 830 of the packing. Typically, a hot melt seal layer or sealing layer is located along this rear side to provide a seal. In the packing package 830, opposing (end) flow surfaces are designated 832, 833. One surface will be a flow inlet surface and the other a flow outlet surface.

In fig. 34 (schematically) shows the step of forming a stacked z-shaped filter pack (or pack of packing) from z-pack filter belts, each belt being a corrugated sheet bonded to a facing sheet. Referring to FIG. 33, a single-face tape 200 is shown being added to a stack 201 of tapes 202 similar to tape 200. The tape 200 may be cut from any of the tapes 76, 77. Reference numeral 205 shown in FIG. 33, the application of a layup layer 206 between each layer corresponding to the tape 200, 202 is indicated on the edge opposite the single skin layer or seal. (Stacking can also be done so that each layer is added to the bottom of the stack, as opposed to adding to the top).

Referring to FIG. 34, each belt 200, 202 has leading and trailing edges 207, 208 and opposing side edges 209a, 209b. The inlet and outlet corrugations of the corrugated sheet/cladding sheet combination comprising each of the strips 200, 202 extend generally between the leading and trailing edges 207, 208 and parallel to the side edges 209a, 209b.

Still referring to FIG. 34, in the resulting packing or packing 201, opposing flow surfaces are designated 210, 211. The choice of which of the surfaces 210, 211 is the inlet end surface and which is the outlet end surface during filtration is a matter of choice. In some cases, the stacking layer 206 is located adjacent to the upstream, or inlet, surface 211; in other cases the opposite is true. Flow surfaces 210, 211 extend between opposing side surfaces 220, 221.

The stacked packing configuration, or package, 201 is sometimes referred to herein as a “block” stacked packing. The term "block" in this context is an indication that the structure is formed as a rectangular block in which all surfaces are at an angle of 90° to all adjacent wall surfaces. In yet another example, in some cases the stack may be created such that each belt 200 is slightly offset from alignment with the adjacent belt, creating a parallelogram-shaped block or a beveled block in which the inlet surface and outlet surface are parallel to each other but not perpendicular to the top and lower surfaces.

In some cases, a packing or packing package will be said to be parallelogram shaped in any cross section, meaning that any two opposing side surfaces run generally parallel to each other.

It should be noted that the block stacking structure corresponding to FIG. 34 is described in the prior art in U.S. document. 5820646, incorporated herein by reference. It should also be noted that stacking designs are described in U.S. documents. 5772883; 5792247; US Patent Publication No. 2004/0187689. Each of these latter references is incorporated herein by reference. It should be noted that the stacking design shown in US Patent Publication No. 2005/0130508 is an angled stacking design.

It should also be noted that in some cases more than one ream may be included in a single pack of padding. Additionally, in some cases, the stack may be formed with one or more flow surfaces that include a recess, for example, as shown in US Pat. No. 7,625,419, incorporated herein by reference.

Alternative types of packing structures or packages containing corrugations between opposing ends may be used in accordance with the selected principles of the present invention. One example of such an alternative packing design or package is shown in FIG. 35-35V. Packing according to fig. 35-35B is similar to the packing presented and described in document DE 20 2008 017 059 U1; and can sometimes be found in designs available under the "IQORON" brand from Mann & Hummel.

Referring to FIG. 35, the packing or packing package as a whole is designated by the reference numeral 1250. The packing or packing package 1250 includes a first outer folded (comb) packing loop 1251 and a second inner folded (comb) loop of padding 1252, each of which contains the tops of folds (or ridges), passing between opposite ends for flow. The view shown in FIG. 35, is directed towards the end 1255 (for flow) of the packing package. The represented end 1255 may be an inlet end (for flow) or an outlet end (for flow), depending on the selected flow direction. For many designs that use the principles described, the existing packing 1250 of the packing may be configured in the filter cartridge such that the end 1255 is the inlet end for the flow.

Still referring to FIG. 35, the outer folded (comb) loop 1251 of the packing is made in an oval shape, although alternatives are possible. Reference numeral 1260 represents a pleat end seal, for example, molded in place and sealing the ends of the pleats or ridges 1251 at the end 1255 of a pack of padding.

The folds or ridges 1252 (and associated fold tops) are positioned such that they are surrounded by and spaced from the loop 1251, and therefore the pleated pad loop 1252 is also presented in a somewhat oval configuration. Here, the ends 1252e of the individual folds or ridges 1252p in the loop 1252 are sealed. In addition, a loop 1252 surrounds a center 1252c, enclosed by a central band 1253 of material, typically molded in place.

During filtration, when the end 1255 is the inlet end for the flow, air enters the gap 1265 between the two packing loops 1251, 1252. The air then flows through the loop 1251 or loop 1252 as it moves through the packing package 1250 and is filtered.

In the illustrated example, the hinge 1251 is configured to be beveled inward toward the hinge 1252 from end 1255. Also shown are spacers 1266 supporting a centering ring 1267 surrounding one end of the hinge 1252 for structural integrity.

In fig. 35A, an end 1256 of the cartridge 1250 is visible opposite the end 1255. The interior of the loop 1252 surrounding the open gas flow area 1270 can be seen here. As air is directed through the cartridge 1250 in the normal direction toward the end 1256 and away from the end 1255, some of the air passing through the loop 1252 will enter the central region 1270 and exit at the end 1256. Of course, the air trapped in the packing loop 1251 will the filtration time will take place generally around the outer perimeter 1256r of the end 1256 (along it).

In fig. 35B is a schematic cross-sectional view of cartridge 1250. Selected identified and described features are designated by like reference numerals.

From consideration of FIG. 35-35B and the above description, it will be understood that the described cartridge 1250 is generally a cartridge containing packing tips extending longitudinally between opposing flow ends 1255, 1256.

In the design of FIG. 35-35B, the packing 1250 is presented with an oval perimeter, in particular having a racetrack shape. It is depicted this way because the air filter cartridges in many of the examples below also have an oval or racetrack shape configuration. However, the principles can be implemented in a variety of alternative perimeter shapes.

In fig. 36-41 herein provide some schematic local cross-sectional views of yet other alternative packing types that may be used in selected applications of the principles described herein. Certain examples are described in USSN 62/077749, filed November 10, 2014 and owned by the assignee of the present invention, Donaldson Company, Inc. USSN Disclosure 62/077749 is incorporated herein by reference. In general, each of the structures of FIG. 9-12 represent a type of material that can be stacked or coiled into a structure comprising opposing inlet and outlet ends (or surfaces) for co-current flow.

In fig. 36 illustrates an exemplary packing structure 1301 from USSN 62/077749 in which an embossed sheet 1302 is bonded to a non-embossed sheet 1303 and then stacked and coiled into a spiral packing package, with seals along opposing edges being of the type described herein. document previously regarding FIG. 1.

In fig. 37 shows an alternative exemplary packing package 1310 from USSN 62/077749 in which a first embossed sheet 1311 is bonded to a second embossed sheet 1312 and then formed into a stacked or coiled packing package structure comprising edge seals.

The edge seals may extend towards either the upstream end or the downstream end or, in some cases, both directions. Particularly in cases where the packing is likely to come into contact with a chemical during filtration, it may be desirable to avoid conventional adhesive or sealant.

In fig. 38A is a cross-sectional view in which the corrugated sheet X has various embossings thereon for engaging the liner sheet Y. Additionally, they may be separate or be sections of the same padding sheet.

In fig. 38B also shows a schematic representation of such a structure between the corrugated sheet X and the facing sheet Y.

Another version of this principle is shown in Fig. 38C between corrugated sheet X and facing sheet Y. As implied, this helps to understand how the wide variety of approaches becomes possible.

In fig. 39 shows another possible variant with corrugated sheet X and facing sheet Y.

In fig. 40 and 41 show an exemplary packing structure 6401 in which a corrugated sheet 6402 is bonded to a liner sheet 6403. The liner sheet 6403 may be a flat sheet. The packing structure 6401 can then be stacked or coiled into a packing package with seals along opposing edges of the type described earlier herein in relation to FIG. 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the corrugations 6404 of the corrugated sheet 6402 have a wavy line of ridges containing a series of peaks 6405 and saddles 6406. The peaks 6405 of adjacent corrugations 6404 can be either aligned, as shown in FIG. 64 and fig. 65, or shifted. In addition, the height and/or density of the peaks may increase, decrease, or remain constant along the entire length of the knurls 6404. The ratio of the knurl peak height to the knurl saddle height can vary from about 1.5 to 1 to 1.1 to about 1.

It should be noted that there is no specific requirement that the same packing be used for the corrugated sheet section and the facing sheet section. Different packings can be used in each section to achieve different results. For example, one pad may be a pad made of cellulose, while another pad is a pad containing some non-cellulosic fiber. They can be provided with different porosities or different structural properties to achieve the desired results.

Many of the techniques described herein will preferably be used when the packing oriented toward filtration between opposing ends for cartridge flow is a packing comprising grooves or pleat apexes extending in the direction between those opposing ends. However, alternatives are possible. The techniques described herein with respect to determining the sealing structure can be applied to filter cartridges comprising opposing flow ends with a packing disposed to filter fluid flow between those ends, even when the packing does not contain ribs or fold tops extending into direction between these ends. For example, the packing may be a deep pack, may be folded in an alternative direction, or it may be a non-pleated pack.

The techniques described herein can be used with cartridges that are relatively deep end-to-end for flow, typically at least 100 mm, typically at least 150 mm, often at least 200 mm, sometimes at least 250 mm and in some cases 300 mm or more, and they are designed to withstand large load volumes during use. These types of systems will generally be systems in which the packing is made with pleated tops or grooves extending in a direction between opposing flow ends.

Referring now to FIG. 42A and FIG. 42B, an alternative filter element that may be used in an air cleaning assembly having a wave-shaped wall 210 as illustrated in FIG. 10-13 is shown at reference numeral 900. The filter element 900 includes a cylindrically shaped packing pack 902, a closed end packing 904, and an open end packing 906. The packing packing preferably includes an inner mesh or support structure 908 and an outer mesh or support structure. structure, 910, which help support the packing 902. Preferably, the padding package 902 is a folded padding package, and the mesh or support structures 908 and 910 extend from the closed end cap 904 to the open end cap 906. The padding package 902 is located around a central open volume 912, and the open end cap 906 includes a central opening. 914, which is in communication with the central open volume 912. The closed end nozzle 904 is closed to the flow of air through it, and the open end nozzle 906 is open to the flow of air through the central opening 914. As discussed previously, the fluid (such as air) subject to filtration, may flow inwardly through the packing package 902, and clean air may flow from the central open volume 912 through the central opening 914. Alternatively, the flow may be reversed such that dirty fluid enters through the central opening 914 and the central open volume 912 and then flows through the packing 902 to ensure filtration, and then out of the packing 902.

The open end cap 906 includes a sealing element 916. The inner mesh, or support structure, 908 forms a support 920 for the sealing element 916, although the support may be provided separately from the inner mesh, or support structure, 908. The sealing element 916 is shown having a sealing surface 918 , which can be described as an inward-facing radial sealing surface. In addition, sealing element 916 may include a start region 922 and a transition region 924. In the case of an inward seal, the inner perimeter may decrease from the start region 922 to the transition region 924 and to the seal surface 918 when the filter element 900 is provided separately from the housing. The initial region 922 and the transition region 924 cause the sealing surface 918 to transition into a configuration that forms a mirror image of the wavy wall 210 such that it seals with the wavy wall 210 when inserted into an air cleaner comprising the wavy wall 210.

The sealing element 916 of the open end cap 906 has sufficient ductility to form a seal with a corresponding wave-wall-shaped sealing surface of the air cleaner. Seal formation can be determined by performing a seal quality test according to ISO 15011:2014. Accordingly, the sealing element 916 forms a seal when it engages the wave-wall shaped sealing surface of the air cleaner, satisfying ISO 15011:2014. The sealing member 916 may be described as having ductility sufficient to form a seal with the wave-shaped sealing surface of the air cleaner housing when inserted into the air cleaner and provided in sealing relationship with the air cleaner housing. In addition, the sealing element 916 may be described as being configured to conform to or be able to conform to the wavy wall such that the sealing surface 918 forms a mirror image of the wavy wall. Due to the plasticity of the sealing element 916, the sealing surface 918 of the sealing element can adapt to the wave-shaped wall-shaped sealing surface configuration of the air cleaner housing. An exemplary material that may be used to form the sealing element 916 includes silicone rubbers. Preferably, the silicone rubber may have an ASTM D-412 Shore hardness of 00-30 to 00-10, and more preferably about 00-20. An exemplary type of silicone rubber that may be used is available under the name Ecoflex® from Smooth-On. Exemplary Ecoflex® rubber that may be used includes Ecoflex® 00-20. In addition, the specific sealing element material selected to form the seal depends on various conditions such as operating temperature, seal thickness, lip size, etc.

When the filter element 900 is inserted into the air cleaner such that the sealing element 916 forms a seal, such as an inward radial seal as shown, with a wave-wall shaped surface of the air cleaner body, the sealing surface 918 conforms to a wave-wall configuration. Accordingly, the filter element 900, when provided in sealing relationship with a wave-shaped sealing surface of the air cleaner body, can be described as having a radially directed sealing surface and a thickness between the seal support surface and the radially directed sealing surface that varies along the surface of the sealing element around the central axis. In addition, the sealing surface 918, when inserted into a housing having a wave-wall-shaped surface, can be described as having a radially directed sealing member surface 918, a plurality of projections disposed along and defining the sealing member surface, and a plurality of lugs provide pitches from approximately 1 mm/lug to approximately 25 mm/lug. The configuration of the sealing surface 918 may be consistent with another distinctive wavy wall design.

The sealing surface 918, prior to insertion of the filter element into sealing relationship with the housing, may have a smooth surface (for example, see FIG. 42A and FIG. 42B) or a non-smooth surface (such as a textured or structured surface) that does not form a mirror image of a wave-shaped configuration. walls. It may be useful to provide the sealing surface 918 with a non-smooth surface to help the sealing surface 918 adapt to the shape of the wavy wall.

Although the filter element 900 is shown having an inwardly directed radial sealing surface 918 that can adapt to and form a seal with an outwardly directed wave-wall-shaped sealing surface of the air purifier, such as the sealing surface 202 of the first filter cartridge shown in FIG. 10-13, an alternative filter element may be provided in which the sealing element includes an outwardly directed radial sealing surface that can (or is capable of) adapting to an inwardly directed wave-wall shaped sealing surface in the air cleaner. An example of an inwardly wavy wall-shaped sealing surface is shown as the sealing surface 204 of the second filter cartridge in FIG. 10-13. The sealing element may be provided to be sufficiently plastic that it forms a mirror image of the wavy wall and forms a seal with the wavy wall.

The same principles of using a sealing element that is flexible enough that a sealing surface, whether inward or outward, can be applied to the filter element to provide a seal to the wavy walls 202 and 204 as illustrated in FIG. 10 may be applied to the wave-wall seal filter element 412 as illustrated in FIG. 26-27, and a wave-shaped wall 505 (including a wave-wall-shaped sealing surface 506 and a wave-wall-shaped sealing surface 507), as illustrated in FIG. 28-32. That is, a plastic sealing member that can adapt to the wave-shaped wall and thus take the shape of the wave-shaped wall can be used as the sealing member 422 of FIG. 26 and as sealing elements 510 and 522 of FIG. 28.

The seal support may be provided in various alternative structures that support the sealing element in sealing relationship with the housing. One type of seal support is a blank. One example of a preform is injection molded plastic. However, it should be understood that the term "blank" refers to the formation of the seal support before applying the sealing element to it. Other examples of preforms include meshes, filter media, and various other structures formed from plastic. While these are examples of blanks, they are also examples of seal supports. An example of a filter pack that can be used as a seal support includes a reinforced filter pack where a curing agent has been applied to the filter pack. An example of a reinforced filter pack is described, for example, in International Publication No. WO 2016/057815, for example in paragraphs [0099] to [0161], wherein a strengthening agent is applied to the filter pack, and as a result, the strengthening agent and the filter pack form a seal support, not requiring an additional plastic structure (such as an injection molded plastic structure) to support the seal. The description of International Publication No. WO 2016/057815 regarding the use of a strengthening agent with a filter pack to support a sealing element is incorporated by reference. In addition, seal support may be provided by applying a curable material (such as a polymeric material) around the filter media package, allowing the curable material to cure or solidify, and then applying a housing seal (for example, by molding) around the cured material such that the cured material forms a seal support for the housing seal as described in US Pat. No. 8,241,383. The entire disclosure of US Pat. No. 8,241,383 is incorporated herein by reference. As described, the curable material can be applied by spraying the curable material or molding the curable material onto or around the filter pack.

Selected characteristic descriptions

1. A filter cartridge containing: (a) a filter media; and (b) a housing seal structure coupled to the filter pack, comprising: (i) a seal support having a surface; and (ii) a sealing element supported by the seal support and having a radially directed sealing surface and a thickness between the surface of the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface that varies along the surface of the sealing element. 2. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: (a) the radial sealing surface includes an inwardly directed radial sealing surface. 3. The filter cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: (a) the radial sealing surface includes an outwardly directed radial sealing surface. 4. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that: (a) the thickness between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface varies in the radial direction. 5. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that: (a) the thickness between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface is generally constant in the axial direction. 6. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that: (a) the thickness of the sealing element varies from a minimum thickness to a maximum thickness, the maximum thickness being at least 1.1 times the minimum thickness. 7. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-6, characterized in that: the radially directed sealing surface comprises at least one of (a) a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending parts; and (b) a plurality of inwardly projecting and axially extending portions. 8. The filter cartridge according to claim 7, characterized in that: (a) a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending parts and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending parts are formed in the radially directed sealing surface when the cartridge is inserted into the housing and forms seal with the sealing surface of the housing. 9. The filter cartridge of claim 7, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending axially extending portions, and the radially extending sealing surface comprises an outwardly directed radial sealing surface, wherein the thickness of the sealing element between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface on the plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending parts exceeds the thickness of the sealing element between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface on the plurality of inwardly extending and extending in the axial direction parts. 10. The filter cartridge of claim 7, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending and axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and extending in the axially direction portions, and the radially directed sealing surface comprises an inwardly directed radial sealing surface, wherein the thickness of the sealing element between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface on the plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending parts is less than the thickness of the sealing element between the seal support and the radially directed sealing surface on the plurality of inwardly extending and extending in the axial direction parts. 11. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 7-10, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending and axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions, wherein at least one of the plurality of outwardly and axially extending portions axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions comprises curved portions. 12. Filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 7-11, characterized in that: (a) a radially directed sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending and axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and extending in an axial direction portions, the radially directed sealing surface comprising at least two radially outward and axially extending portions alternating with at least two radially inward and axially extending portions per inch along a seal support extending about the axis of the filter cartridge. 13. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 7-12, characterized in that: (a) the radial sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions, wherein the radially extending sealing surface comprises less than about 13 projections radially outward and axially extending portions alternating with less than about 13 radially inward and axially extending portions along a one-inch distance along a seal support extending about the axis of the filter cartridge. 14. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 7-13, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface contains a plurality of outwardly extending and extending in the axial direction, alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and extending in the axial direction, wherein the radially directed sealing surface contains more than 20 extending radially outward and axially extending portions, inclusive, alternating with more than 20 radially inward and axially extending portions, inclusive. 15. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 7-14, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface contains a plurality of outwardly extending and extending in the axial direction, alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and extending in the axial direction, wherein the radially directed sealing surface contains 20-400 projections radially outward and axially extending portions inclusive, alternating with 20-400 radially inward and axially extending portions inclusive. 16. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-15, characterized in that: (a) the sealing structure of the housing defines a fluid channel where fluid flows into or out of the filter pack, and the thickness of the sealing element between the seal support and the radially directed sealing element varies around the fluid channel . 17. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack has first and second ends; and surrounds and defines a central open volume. 18. The filter cartridge of claim 17, characterized in that: (a) the filter media comprises a pleated media arranged around a central open volume. 19. The filter cartridge of claim 17, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a non-folded pack located around a central open volume. 20. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack includes a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces; and having a set of grooves closed adjacent the second flow surface and a set of grooves closed adjacent the first flow surface. 21. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16 and claim 20, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a grooved packing sheet attached to a second packing sheet and wound or stacked. 22. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-16 and paragraphs. 20-21, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces, having grooves extending from the first flow surface to the second flow surface, and wherein flow from the first flow surface flow to the second surface is blocked except for flow through the filter pack. 23. Filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 7-16, characterized in that: (a) the radially extending sealing surface comprises a plurality of outwardly extending and axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions, and a thickness between the seal support surface and the radially extending sealing surface varies continuously between outwardly projecting and axially extending portions and inwardly extending and axially extending portions along a radially directed sealing surface about the axis of the filter cartridge. 24. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-23, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack has first and second ends; (b) a first open end portion is located at a first end of the packing; and (c) a housing sealing structure is located on the first end portion. 25. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-24, characterized in that: (a) the seal support includes a support structure extending around the axis of the filter pack, wherein the seal support also supports the filter pack. 26. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-25, characterized in that: (a) the seal support contains a workpiece. 27. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-26, characterized in that: (a) the radially directed sealing surface is recessed relative to the end of the filter pack. 28. A filter assembly comprising: (a) a housing having an inlet passage for gas flow and an outlet passage for gas flow and comprising a main body section having an access cover; (b) a casing sealing structure in the form of a wave-shaped wall; and (c) a filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 1-26, functionally removably located inside the housing and sealed with the sealing structure of the housing in the form of a wave-shaped wall. 29. The filter assembly according to claim 28, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall shaped housing sealing structure comprises a wave-wall shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and a wave-shaped wall surface of the second filter cartridge. 30. The filter assembly according to claim 29, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall-shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and the wave-wall-shaped surface of the second filter cartridge are on opposite sides of the sealing structure of the wave-wall housing. 31. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) a filter media; and (b) a housing sealing structure comprising: (i) a sealing element having a radially directed sealing element surface; (ii) a plurality of projections located along and defining the surface of the sealing element; and (iii) wherein the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 1 mm/protrusion to about 25 mm/protrusion. 32. The filter cartridge of claim 31, characterized in that: (a) the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 2 mm/protrusion to about 12 mm/protrusion. 33. The filter cartridge of claim 31, characterized in that: (a) the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 4 mm/protrusion to about 10 mm/protrusion. 34. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-33, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is provided as an inwardly directed radial sealing surface. 35. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-33, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is provided as an outwardly directed radial sealing surface. 36. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-35, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack is located peripherally around the surface of the sealing element. 37. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-35, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is located peripherally around the filter pack. 38. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-37, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains pleated packing. 39. The filter cartridge according to any one of claims 38, characterized in that: (a) the pleated packing is located around a central open volume. 40. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 31-37, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains a non-folded pack. 41. The filter cartridge of claim 40, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces; and having a set of grooves closed adjacent the second flow surface and a set of grooves closed adjacent the first flow surface. 42. The filter cartridge according to any one of claims 40 and 41, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a grooved packing sheet attached to a second packing sheet and wound or stacked. 43. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 40-41, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces, having grooves extending from the first flow surface to the second flow surface, and wherein flow from the first flow surface flow to the second surface is blocked except for flow through the filter pack. 44. A filter assembly comprising: (a) a housing having an inlet passage for gas flow and an outlet passage for gas flow and comprising a main body section having an access cover; (b) a casing sealing structure in the form of a wave-shaped wall; and (c) a filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 30-42, functionally removably located inside the housing and sealed with the sealing structure of the housing in the form of a wave-shaped wall. 45. The filter assembly according to claim 44, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall shaped housing sealing structure comprises a wave-wall shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and a wave-shaped wall surface of the second filter cartridge. 46. The filter assembly according to claim 45, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall-shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and the wave-wall-shaped surface of the second filter cartridge are on opposite sides of the sealing structure of the wave-wall housing. 47. A filter cartridge comprising: (a) a filter media; and (b) a housing seal structure coupled to the filter pack, the housing seal structure comprising: (i) a seal support; and (ii) a sealing element supported by the seal support and having a radially directed surface and ductility sufficient to allow the radially directed surface to accommodate a wave-wall shaped sealing surface on the filter housing having a plurality of projections provided in increments of about 1 mm/protrusion up to approximately 25 mm/protrusion. 48. The filter cartridge of claim 47, characterized in that: (a) the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 2 mm/protrusion to about 12 mm/protrusion. 49. The filter cartridge of claim 47, characterized in that: (a) the plurality of projections provide a pitch of from about 4 mm/protrusion to about 10 mm/protrusion. 50. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-49, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is provided as an inwardly directed radial sealing surface. 51. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-49, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is provided as an outwardly directed radial sealing surface. 52. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-51, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack is located peripherally around the surface of the sealing element. 53. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-51, characterized in that: (a) the surface of the sealing element is located peripherally around the filter pack. 54. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-53, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains pleated packing. 55. The filter cartridge according to any one of claims 54, characterized in that: (a) the pleated packing is located around a central open volume. 56. Filter cartridge according to claims. 47-53, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains a non-folded pack. 57. The filter cartridge of claim 56, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces; and having a set of grooves closed adjacent the second flow surface and a set of grooves closed adjacent the first flow surface. 58. The filter cartridge according to any one of claims 56 and 57, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack comprises a grooved packing sheet attached to a second packing sheet and wound or stacked. 59. Filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 56-58, characterized in that: (a) the filter pack contains a filter pack defining first and second opposing flow surfaces, having grooves extending from the first flow surface to the second flow surface, and wherein flow from the first flow surface flow to the second surface is blocked except for flow through the filter pack. 60. Filter cartridge according to any one of paragraphs. 47-59, characterized in that: (a) the sealing element contains silicone rubber. 61. A filter assembly comprising: (a) a housing having an inlet passage for gas flow and an outlet passage for gas flow and comprising a main body section having an access cover; (b) a casing sealing structure in the form of a wave-shaped wall; and (c) a filter cartridge according to any one of claims. 46-59, functionally removably located inside the housing and sealed with the sealing structure of the housing in the form of a wave-shaped wall. 62. The filter assembly according to claim 61, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall shaped housing sealing structure comprises a wave-wall shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and a wave-shaped wall surface of the second filter cartridge. 63. The filter assembly according to claim 62, characterized in that: (a) the wave-wall shaped surface of the first filter cartridge and the wave-wall shaped surface of the second filter cartridge are on opposite sides by the sealing structure of the wave-wall housing. 64. Method of maintenance of the filter unit according to any one of paragraphs. 28-30, pp. 44-46 and paragraphs. 61-63, including: (a) introducing a filter cartridge into the housing and forming a seal between the sealing element and the sealing structure of the housing in the form of a wave-shaped wall. 65. The filter assembly maintenance method of claim 64, further comprising: (a) adapting the sealing element to a wave-wall shaped housing sealing structure through the step of inserting the filter cartridge into the housing.

Again, the principles, techniques, and features described herein can be applied to a variety of systems, and there is no requirement that all identified advantageous features be included in an assembly, system, or component to obtain any benefit of the present invention.

Claims (48)

1. Filter cartridge containing: (a) a filter pack comprising a pleated pack that encloses a central open volume, the filter pack extending from a first end of the filter pack to a second end of the filter pack; (b) a liner supporting the folded packing that encloses the central open volume, the liner extending from a first end of the liner to a second end of the liner; (c) a first open end cap and a second closed end cap, wherein: (i) the first end of the filter pack and the first end of the liner terminate into a first open end cap; (ii) a second end of the filter pack and a second end of the liner terminate into a second closed end cap; (iii) the first open end cap includes an inner surface that defines an opening extending through the first open end cap, the filter cartridge having a central axis extending through the central open volume, the second end cap, and an opening in the first end cap; (iv) the inner surface is located between the first end of the liner and the axis of the cartridge filter and includes a sealing surface configured to form a seal sealing the sealing surface of the air cleaner; And (v) the inner surface includes a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions. 2. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) pleated packing arranged around a central open volume forms a cylindrical configuration. 3. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) The folded packing is arranged around a central open volume to form a conical configuration. 4. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) The thickness of the first end cap between the inner surface and the first end of the liner varies along the sealing surface in a direction about the central axis of the filter cartridge. 5. Filter cartridge according to claim 4, in which: (a) The thickness of the first end cap between the sealing surface and the first end of the liner includes a region that is generally constant in a direction parallel to the central axis. 6. Filter cartridge according to claim 4, in which: (a) The thickness of the first end cap between the sealing surface and the first end of the liner varies from a minimum thickness to a maximum thickness in a direction around the central axis, the maximum thickness being at least 1.1 times the minimum thickness. 7. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions are formed on the sealing surface when the filter cartridge is inserted into the housing and forms a seal with the sealing surface of the housing. 8. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending portions alternating with a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions alternating in a direction about the central axis of the filter cartridge. 9. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) a plurality of outwardly extending axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending axially extending portions comprise curved portions. 10. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the sealing surface comprises at least two outwardly extending axially extending portions that alternate with at least two inwardly extending axially extending portions for each inch of distance along the seal support, covering the central axis of the cartridge filter. 11. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the sealing surface comprises less than about 13 radially outward and axially extending portions alternating with less than about 13 radially inward and axially extending portions along a distance of one inch along the seal support spanning the central axis of the filter cartridge. 12. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the sealing surface comprises more than 20 radially outwardly extending axially extending portions alternating with more than 20 radially inwardly extending axially extending portions. 13. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the sealing surface comprises 20-400, inclusive, radially outward and axially extending portions, alternating with 20-400, inclusive, radially inward and axially extending portions. 14. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the sealing surface is recessed relative to the end of the first end cap furthest from the second end cap. 15. Filter cartridge according to claim 1, in which: (a) the inner surface is characterized by having a starting region and a sealing region, wherein both the starting region and the sealing region comprise a plurality of outwardly extending axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending axially extending portions. 16. Filter cartridge according to claim 15, in which: (a) the initial region and the sealing region are recessed relative to the end of the first end cap furthest from the second end cap, the sealing region being recessed more than the initial region. 17. Filter cartridge containing: (a) a filter pack comprising a pleated pack that encloses a central open volume, the filter pack extending from a first end of the filter pack to a second end of the filter pack; (b) a liner supporting the folded packing that encloses the central open volume; (c) a first open end cap and a second closed end cap, wherein: (i) a first end of the filter pack extends into a first open end piece; (ii) a second end of the filter pack extends into a second closed end cap; (iii) the first open end cap includes an inner surface that defines an opening extending through the first open end cap; (iv) the inner surface includes a sealing surface configured to form a seal sealing the sealing surface of the air cleaner, the sealing surface being recessed relative to the end of the first end cap furthest from the second end cap; And (v) the inner surface includes a plurality of outwardly projecting and axially extending portions and a plurality of inwardly extending and axially extending portions.