RU2817464C1 - Device for creation of air gaps in blast holes (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for blasting operations and can be used in mining industry, as well as in other industries for blasting operations. Two versions of the device for creating air gaps in blast holes are proposed. First device is made in the form of a well gate fixed on a post in the form of a pipe with a support. Inside the pipe there is a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral-shaped plate. Well gate is additionally connected to a flexible hanger made with possibility of attachment to the wellhead and installation of the device at the well bottom in the subdrill. Second device is made in the form of a well gate in the form of a bowl fixed on one end of the pipe, inside which there is a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral-shaped plate. Flexible hanger is attached to the other end of the pipe and can be attached to the wellhead and to adjust the depth of the device installation in the well. On flexible hanger of each device between two limiters of movement from rubber rings there installed is additional dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral-shaped plate made with possibility of its movement along flexible hanger and fixation at specified place.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of borehole charge detonation due to provision of higher completeness of detonation of explosive charges separated by air, water-air and water gap of borehole explosive charge.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to methods and devices for carrying out blasting operations and can be used in the mining industry, as well as in other industries, for carrying out blasting operations. There are known methods and devices for increasing the efficiency of blasting wells, based on changing the mechanism of transfer of explosion energy to the hard rock environment. The design of the explosive charge has a significant impact on the efficiency of the explosion and is considered as a way to increase the efficiency of blasting operations.

There is a known method for increasing the efficiency of blasting borehole explosive charges, which consists in using a specially curved metal plate twisted in a spiral shape with a full turn of 360 degrees (Dynamic swirler) in the explosive charge. When directly initiating an explosive charge using checkers, a turbolizer with a hole is used, through which it is connected to a detonating cord using a wire [1,2].

The fact is that the design of the hydrodynamic swirler provides a significant increase in the turbulence of the movement of explosive gases. Active mixing of gaseous explosion products leads to an increase in high-explosive action and an increase in useful work for crushing. It follows that a decrease in pressure at the front of the shock air wave and a decrease in the seismic effect can be realized due to additional turbulization of the explosion products. The highest efficiency of turbo explosion is achieved with granular explosives, including carbon- and aluminum-containing explosives, and the lowest with emulsion explosives. This is due to the fact that emulsion explosives are non-Newtonian liquids, therefore the steel dynamic swirler is not immersed in them under the influence of gravity, as is the case when loading granular explosives, but rises along with the level of emulsion explosives as the well is loaded with them, taking a non-working horizontal position, In this way, the effect of blasting is not achieved. Another disadvantage is the need to use manual labor when loading explosive wells, because First, a structure consisting of an intermediate detonator and a turbolizer is mounted, and then it is lowered into the well [1,2].

There is a known method for increasing the efficiency of explosion of borehole explosive charges, which consists in the joint use of a polyethylene seal to create air, water-air and water gaps in the explosive charge with a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate. In this case, the gaps between individual explosive charges are formed in the process of loading explosive boreholes with the help of gates, and the completeness of detonation of the secondary explosion products of these explosives in these gaps is ensured by a dynamic swirler during the explosion of borehole explosive charges [3].

A device for creating gaps in blast wells, selected as a prototype of the proposed device, contains a borehole valve support, a stand in the form of a pipe, inside of which there is a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate and a flexible suspension for installing the device in the well at the required depth with mounting at the wellhead [ 3].

There is also a known method and device for increasing the efficiency of blasting borehole explosive charges, which contains a shutter (an elastic bowl made of thin polyethylene), a stand (a hollow pipe inside which a dynamic swirler is located), and a support [3].

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of detonation of a borehole charge by ensuring a higher completeness of detonation of explosive charges separated by an air, water-air and water gap of a borehole explosive charge.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that in the method of increasing the efficiency of blasting borehole explosive charges, including the use of the above borehole valves to create air, water-air and water gaps in the charge, as well as a dynamic swirler, ensuring complete detonation of secondary explosion products in the gaps between charges, According to the invention, a valve with an additional dynamic swirler is used, and all devices are introduced into the well simultaneously during the formation of a charge, during the charging of explosive wells.

A method is proposed for increasing the efficiency of blasting borehole explosive charges, which includes installing a device in the borehole to create gaps in the borehole explosive charge. In this case, an additional dynamic force of swirling flows created at the moment of explosion is used through the use of an additional dynamic swirler.

To implement the method, a device is proposed for creating gaps in blast holes and a device for closing an overdrill in blast holes.

A device for creating gaps in blastholes containing a borehole valve, a support, a stand in the form of a pipe, inside which

there is a dynamic swirler and a flexible suspension. An additional dynamic swirler made of a low-melting material, such as aluminum, is located on a flexible suspension between two movement limiters made of rubber rings. The dynamic swirler is installed with the ability to move it along the flexible suspension. A general view of the device is shown in Fig.1.

A device is also proposed for shutting off the overdrill in blast holes, which contains a borehole valve, a stand in the form of a pipe with a support, inside of which a dynamic swirler is located. Additionally, it contains a flexible suspension with a dynamic swirler installed on it between two motion limiters made of rubber rings. A general view of the device is shown in Fig.2.

In addition, a method is proposed for increasing the efficiency of blasting borehole explosive charges, which includes installing a device in the borehole for creating gaps in the borehole explosive charge with a dynamic swirler, and loading explosives. An additional aerodynamic force of swirling flows created at the moment of explosion is created using an additional dynamic swirler of a device for creating gaps in blast wells with a dynamic swirler according to claim 1 or a device for overlapping drilling in blast holes with a dynamic swirler, according to claim 2, installed with the possibility of eliminating the influence of the explosive on its position in the explosive charge in the well during the formation of the borehole explosive charge.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for creating gaps in blast holes containing a borehole valve, a support in the form of a pipe, a dynamic swirler and a flexible suspension, according to the invention, a dynamic swirler is located on the flexible suspension, mounted on it between two motion limiters made of rubber rings . and the device for eliminating overdrill in blast holes containing a shutter, a stand, a support and a dynamic swirler additionally contains a flexible suspension with a dynamic swirler mounted on it between two motion limiters made of rubber rings. The number of dynamic swirlers located on a flexible axis can be 1 - 2 or 3 - 4 pieces for a device that covers the overdrill in blast holes, since the design of the charge for direct single-point initiation (for a charge column length of over 15 m) is recommended to be located in its middle part second turbulator. Moreover, the dynamic swirler is made in the form of a spiral-shaped plate made of aluminum and is similar (design, dimensions) to a dynamic swirler located in a pipe or gate strut.

Taking into account the possibility that the dynamic swirler can rise along with the level of emulsion explosives as the well is loaded with them, taking a non-working horizontal position, this goal is also achieved by the fact that in devices for increasing the efficiency of explosions containing a shutter, a dynamic swirler and a flexible suspension, according to the invention, An additional dynamic swirler is located on a flexible suspension (connected to the valve and fixed to the wellhead) between two movement limiters made of rubber rings (capable of expanding and contracting, which is an essential feature that allows the swirler not to deform prematurely). The dynamic swirler and limiters are installed with the ability to move them along the flexible suspension and fix them in place installed on it.

It is the stated location of the dynamic swirler and limiters with the possibility of moving them along a flexible axis that, according to the method, ensures that the influence of explosives on the position of the dynamic swirler during the charging of explosive wells is eliminated, as well as installing it in the place of the explosive charge where its properties are most effectively manifested during the explosion BB and thereby achieving the purpose of the invention. This allows us to conclude that the claimed inventions are interconnected by a single inventive concept.

The essence of the invention is shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 a, b and c, Fig. 4 a, b, c, d. Fig. 1 shows a general view of a device for creating air gaps installed in a well according to claim. 1 of the claims, Fig. 2 shows a general view of the device for closing over-drills in blast holes according to claim 2 of the claims, Fig. Fig. 3 shows devices for creating air gaps (a), a device for blocking overdrills (b) and a dynamic swirler (c), Fig. 4 shows charge testing schemes: a - a continuous charge with a dynamic swirler, b - a charge with an air cavity, c - a charge with an air cavity and a dynamic swirler, g - a charge with an air cavity and two dynamic swirlers. Figure 4 shows a method for implementing the invention according to claim 3 of the formula.

Device for creating gaps in blast holes:

a) Device for creating gaps in blast holes (Fig. 1) in the charge in the hole.

Designations: detonating cord - 1, stopper - 2, intermediate

detonator - 3, dynamic swirler - 4, flexible suspension - 5, explosive - 6, bowl-shaped bolt with dynamic swirler - 7, air or water air or water gap - 8, 9 - limiters.

b) Device for blocking overdrills (Fig. 2): detonating

cord - 1, stopper - 2, intermediate detonator - 3, dynamic swirler - 4, flexible suspension - 5, explosive - 6, bolt with dynamic swirler - 7, air or water gap - 8, 9 - limiters .

The device and method operate as follows.

Before loading the wells, taking into account the blasting conditions, the size of the charge, the type of explosive, an additional dynamic swirler is moved on a flexible suspension using limiters (opening and compressing them) and installed in the place of the suspension, which (when lowering the shutter into the well) allows it to be placed in the charge The explosive is in the place where its properties will most effectively manifest itself at the moment the explosive charge explodes.

When passing a flexible suspension through the upper and lower holes relative to (located along the axis of the dynamic swirler), it is installed vertically, and when passing through holes offset relative to the axis, it is installed at an angle of 0-10 degrees with respect to the well wall.

Thus, by choosing the location of the dynamic swirler, it is possible to increase the high-explosive effect of the explosion, controlled along the length of the well.

When the valve is placed in a well, the flexible suspension is tensioned under its weight and, together with the limiters, eliminates the influence of explosives on the position of the dynamic swirler during the charging of explosive wells, which determines the stability of its operation during the explosion of an explosive charge.

During the explosion of an explosive charge, a detonation wave passing along the helical plate of the turbolizer imparts to it a rotational-translational motion impulse. Moving by inertia, it works like a miniature turbine, pumping explosion gases, following the detonation wave, into the gap between individual explosive charges.

The second rotating dynamic swirler also creates powerful turbulent eddies in the well, thereby causing and ensuring

the completeness of detonation of secondary explosion products in the intervals between the charges, when they are mixed with each other, thereby increasing the efficiency of the explosion of a borehole explosive charge.

Thus, the complete use of primary and secondary detonation products is achieved and due to this, a higher completeness of detonation of the explosive explosion is ensured.

It is the placement of the claimed devices and their joint use that, according to the method, provide the ability to install all devices in the well simultaneously when forming a charge during the charging of explosive wells.

This allows us to conclude that the claimed inventions are interconnected by a single inventive concept.

A comparison of the declared technical solutions with the prototype made it possible to establish their compliance with the “novelty” criterion. When studying other known technical solutions in this field, the technical features that distinguish the claimed inventions from the prototype were not identified and therefore they provide the claimed technical solution with compliance with the “significant differences” criterion. The use of a dynamic swirler makes it possible to ensure a higher completeness of detonation of secondary explosion products of explosives, which meets the requirements of the inventive step.

The implementation of the method was carried out as follows.

Spiral-shaped plates are made of aluminum (dynamic swirlers) 30 mm long, 25-26 mm wide and 0.3 mm thick, which were placed in polyethylene pipes (with an outer diameter of 32 mm and an inner diameter of 28 mm), while the ends of the pipes were sealed with tape. Disks were also made from polyethylene with a diameter of 120 mm and a thickness of 1 mm of two types (with a flexible suspension (fishing line) to create air gaps in model explosive compositions (20 mm high): some are solid, and others with a hole (32 mm) in the center with the possibility installation of tubes with a dynamic swirler in them. The dynamic swirler is fixed in the pipe using tape, fishing line with the possibility of rotation. Sleeves are also made from cardboard (the bottom is also made of cardboard), in which explosive compositions (Granulite UP-1, Poremit-1A) were placed. quantity of 0.8-1 kg. Dynamic swirler 50 mm long made of aluminum. After that, these charge designs were compared with each other by detonating them from an ammonite 6ZhV cartridge. Tests were carried out on a stand for assessing the effectiveness of an explosion by compressing a lead cylinder.

A comparative analysis of an explosive charge with an air gap (in Fig. 4 b) and explosive charges using dynamic swirlers is shown in Fig. 4 a, c and d. According to the indicated schemes, tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and to confirm the stated technical result.

The method for determining the effectiveness of an explosive in compressing lead cylinders is intended to assess the effectiveness (relative performance) of a new explosive for compliance with the requirements of the customer’s technical specifications and the standards of technical specifications for explosive indicators. The essence of the method is that under the influence of an explosion of an explosive charge of a given volume (1000 cm3) or a mass of 1 kg, placed in a massive sand shell, a certain part of the energy through the air gap and a massive anvil acts on a lead cylinder, the compression size of which characterizes the total (mainly thus, high-explosive) action of explosives. The method makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of granular, water-containing, cast and other types of explosives intended for charging wells and having a critical detonation diameter of up to 120 mm when exploding in a sand shell. The criterion for assessing the suitability of explosive characteristics of explosives is the average compression of a lead cylinder that satisfies the standards of the technical specifications or technical conditions for the explosive being tested [4].

View
charge Names of explosives Granulite MK-1 Emulsion explosive
RPGM-100 Dynamics
chesical
swirler Dynamics
chesical
swirler
horizontal
Horizon-
tall
cavity
and dynamic swirl
supporter Horizon-
tall
cavity
and two dynamic vortices
spectator Dynamics
chesical
swirler Dynamics
chesical
swirler
horizontal Horizontal
cavity
and dynamic
swirler Horizon-
tall
cavity
and two dynamic vortices
spectator Efficiency
explosion,
mm thirty 29 35 36-37 37 35-36 41-42 43-44 Leftovers after
explosion No No No No No No No No

It has been established that with a vertical arrangement of the dynamic swirler in the explosive, the performance is better than with a horizontal one.

As can be seen from the data in the table, granular and water-emulsion explosives have the best indicators of explosion efficiency when they contain devices in explosive charges with an additional dynamic swirler, which manages to fully take part in the explosive processes. Compared to known methods and devices, the proposed method and devices have the following technical and economic advantages:

- ensures stability and increases the explosion effect of both simple explosives and emulsion explosives by reducing the explosives used and ensuring the completeness of their detonation.

- the ability to increase the length of the air gap in explosive charges and improves the development of the bottom of the ledge when overlapping the overdrill.

- provide the opportunity to increase the stability of explosions of borehole explosive charges by eliminating the influence of explosives on the position of the dynamic swirler in the process of loading them into the borehole.

Information sources:

1. Muchnik S.V. “Development and scientific justification of technical and technological solutions for controlling the high-explosive effect of an explosion in the mining industry” Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. Novosibirsk, 2000.

2. “Determination of parameters of drilling and blasting operations in kimberlite quarries of the permafrost zone”: textbook / I.V. Zyryanov, I.F. Bondarenko, S.N. Zharikov. - Yakutsk: NEFU Publishing House, 2019. - pp. 9-10.

3. RF patent No. 2795464 published on 05/03/2023.

4. Kushnerov P.I., Panchishin V.Ya., Panchishin O.V. “Methods for assessing the effectiveness of industrial explosives.” In the book. Explosive Case, No. 107/64. M., Nedra, p.248-254.

Claims (2)

1. A device for creating air gaps in blast holes, made in the form of a borehole valve mounted on a stand in the form of a pipe with a support; inside the pipe there is a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate, while the well valve is additionally connected to a flexible suspension designed for fastening at the wellhead and installing the device at the bottom of the well in a re-drill, and an additional dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate is installed on a flexible suspension between two movement limiters made of rubber rings, made with the ability to move it along the flexible suspension and fix it in a fixed place. 2. A device for creating air gaps in blast holes, made in the form of a borehole valve in the shape of a bowl, fixed at one end of the pipe, inside of which there is a dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate; a flexible suspension is attached to the other end of the pipe, designed to be attached to the wellhead well and adjusting the depth of installation of the device in the well, and on a flexible suspension between two movement limiters made of rubber rings there is an additional dynamic swirler in the form of a spiral plate, made with the ability to move along the flexible suspension and fix it in place installed on it.