RU2817040C1 - Small hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydropower engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to hydropower engineering, particularly to hydroelectric power plants converting kinetic energy of water flow in a river into electric energy. Small hydroelectric power plant contains dam 3, vertical shaft 1 with an inlet zone and with a Kaplan submersible turbine 2 installed in it, water conduit 5, which diverts the water flow from turbine 2. Shaft 1 comprises window 6 in the inlet zone to create a migration corridor and unobstructed passage of fish and is configured to change the water flow by 90° before it falls on turbine 2 blades. Dam 3 is made with movable gate 4 and is fixed above shaft 1 with possibility of removal of excess part of water flow.

EFFECT: invention is aimed at ensuring reliable operation of the hydroelectric power plant with minimum negative environmental impact on the aquatic ecosystem, in particular on fish individuals.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower, in particular to hydroelectric power plants that convert the kinetic energy of water flow in a river into electrical energy.

Small hydroelectric power stations are known (Andreev A. E., Low power hydroelectric power stations: a textbook for students of higher educational institutions, / A. E. Andreev, Ya. I. Blyashko, V. V. Elistratov, L. I. Kubyshkin, I. G Kudryashova, V. I. Maslikov, D. M. Savin, I. S. Samorukov, V. V. Frolov, N. K. Khamkov. St. Petersburg: Polytechnic University Publishing House, 2005. - 432 pp.), the main disadvantage of which is that they have a negative impact on the aquatic ecosystem, in particular on fish individuals, through physical impact on them with associated injuries during the operation of a hydroelectric power station, which can lead to death.

This drawback is partially eliminated in a small hydroelectric power station, adopted as a prototype (patent FR No. 2582736 dated 08/21/1987, “Water supply channel for a vertical Kaplan turbine”, IPC F03B13/08), containing a dam, a vertical shaft with a Kaplan submersible turbine installed in it, a conduit that diverts the flow of water from the Kaplan turbine.

The disadvantage of this design is that it does not fully solve the problem of the detrimental effect on fish individuals, expressed in the form of the action of significant hydrodynamic loads on them with a fairly high risk of injury and mortality.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to ensure reliable operation of a hydroelectric power station on small and medium-sized rivers with a water flow rate of less than 20 m ³ /s with minimal negative environmental impact on the aquatic ecosystem, in particular on fish individuals.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that in a small hydroelectric power station containing a dam, a vertical shaft with an inlet zone and a Kaplan submersible turbine installed in it, a water conduit that removes the flow of water from the Kaplan turbine, according to the invention, the vertical shaft contains a window in the zone inlet to create a migration corridor and unhindered passage of fish and is made with the ability to change the water flow by 90° before it hits the blades of the Kaplan turbine, and the dam is made with a movable shutter and fixed above the shaft with the ability to drain the excess part of the water flow.

Due to the fact that the turbine is completely immersed in water, this prevents it from overheating and allows it to operate more reliably and efficiently compared to its standard location. By controlling the required flow deviation by 90° through a large water intake area, the constant overflow of water through the front gate of the dam and the presence of a window in the shaft body in the inlet area, a migration corridor is formed for the passage of fish, which makes it possible to neutralize the negative effects of significant hydrodynamic loads.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a 3D model of a small hydroelectric power station, Fig. 2 - longitudinal section of a small hydroelectric power station.

A small hydroelectric power station (Fig. 1) contains a vertical shaft 1, with a Kaplan submersible turbine 2 installed in it. In this case, the vertical shaft 1 is configured to change the water flow by 90° before it hits the blades of the Kaplan turbine 2. A window is installed in the vertical shaft 1 6 to create a migration corridor and unhindered passage of fish. Above the vertical shaft 1 there is a dam 3 with a movable gate 4 mounted in it. The connection of the upper pool with the lower pool of the dam is carried out through a water conduit 5 located inside the shaft 1 of the hydroelectric power station.

The proposed small hydroelectric power station operates as follows.

The water flow 7 (see Fig. 2) enters the vertical shaft 1, where its direction changes by 90°, and falls on the blades of the Kaplan turbine 2, setting it in motion, after which it is diverted into the lower tail of the dam 3 using a conduit 5 The excess part of the flow 8 is discharged through a movable gate 4 installed in the body of the dam 3.

Compared to the prototype, the claimed small hydroelectric power station fully solves the problem of negative impact on fish species.

The proposed invention can be applied on small and medium-sized rivers with water flow less than 20 m ³ /s.

Claims (1)

A small hydroelectric power station containing a dam, a vertical shaft with an inlet zone and a Kaplan submersible turbine installed in it, a conduit that removes the flow of water from the Kaplan turbine, characterized in that the vertical shaft contains a window in the inlet zone to create a migration corridor and unhindered passage of fish and is made with the ability to change the water flow by 90° before it hits the blades of the Kaplan turbine, and the dam is made with a movable shutter and is fixed above the shaft with the ability to drain the excess part of the water flow.