RU2816881C1 - Method of increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk of freshly calved cows in conditions of industrial maintenance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk of high-yield cows. Method involves daily morning watering of fresh cows in industrial conditions by mixing water with energy supplement for cattle “Milkanizer” of prolonged action by means of dosing system in dosage 350 g per head for 21 days before calving and 15 days after calving. After that, during the day, is given a fodder ration consisting of alfalfa hay – 2.0 kg/day, maize silage – 15.0 kg/day, alfalfa haylage – 8.0 kg/day, wheat bran – 2.0 kg/day, dry beet pulp – 2.0 kg/day, protein concentrate “Belkoff” – 2.0 kg/day, rapeseed extraction cake – 1.5 kg/day, sunflower extraction cake – 2.0 kg/day, crushed maize – 3.0 kg/day, grain barley – 1.5 kg/day, Megalac Fat – 0.45 kg/day, energy additive "Milkanizer" – 0.35 kg/day, fodder beet molasses – 1.0 kg/day, monocalcium phosphate – 0.1 kg/day, high-protein fodder additive “Organic” SP-83% – 0.2 kg/day, culinary salt – 0.2 kg/day, fodder soda – 0.2 kg/day.

EFFECT: invention enables to obtain milk with high content of PUFAs, and also opens the possibility of producing butter and cream with high content of PUFAs.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk of highly productive cows.

State of the art

There is a known method of changing the diet for highly productive cows, calculated according to the standards given in the Reference Manual “Norms and Rations for Feeding Farm Animals” edited by A.P. Kalashnikov and others - Moscow. 2003, pp. 42-53.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that this method, although it meets the needs of cows for gross energy, does not take into account the availability and digestibility of diet energy. Dietary fats are known to oxidize and form peroxide compounds, which negatively affect energy availability. In addition, this diet does not have a noticeable effect on the immune status of cows and does not improve biochemical blood parameters.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed technical solution and adopted as a prototype is the method of using energy feed as an additive to the daily diet of highly productive cows with an average live weight of 600-620 kg during the first phase of lactation, which lasts 40 45 to 100 days of lactation, and with a milk yield of 30-35 kg, characterized by the fact that it contains 250 mg of dihydroquercetin, 500 mg of arabinogalactan and 0.5 kg of “protected” fat, which is introduced into the diet, including the following initial ingredients: alfalfa hay - 3.33 kg, haylage - 14.37 kg, corn silage - 14.86 kg, corn - 1.29 kg, wheat - 0.34 kg, barley - 0.34 kg, sunflower meal - 1.32 kg, soybean meal - 1.76 kg , corn gluten 0.67 kg, hydrolysis yeast 0.44 kg, baking soda 0.20 kg, premix - 0.05 kg (patent No. 2734963, published 10.26.20220, Bulletin No. 30).

The disadvantage of this method is that the availability and digestibility of diet energy is not taken into account, there is no noticeable effect on the immune status of cows and biochemical blood parameters do not improve

Disclosure of the Invention

The technical result that can be achieved using the present invention boils down to the production of milk with a high ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and opens up the possibility of producing cream and butter with a high content of PUFAs.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk of new-calf cows under industrial conditions, characterized by the fact that it includes daily morning watering of fresh-calf cows under industrial conditions by mixing water with a long-acting energy additive for cattle "Milkanizer" using a system dosage in a dosage of 350 g per head for 6 days 21 days before calving and 15 days after calving, after which a feed ration is given during the day consisting of alfalfa hay - 2.0 kg/day, corn silage - 15.0 kg/day ., alfalfa haylage - 8.0 kg/day, wheat bran - 2.0 kg/day, dry beet pulp - 2.0 kg/day, Belkoff protein concentrate - 2.0 kg/day, rapeseed meal - 1.5 kg/day, sunflower meal - 2.0 kg/day, crushed corn - 3.0 kg/day, grain barley - 1.5 kg/day, Megalac Fat - 0.45 kg/day, energy additive "Milkanizer" - 0.35 kg/day, beet molasses - 1.0 kg/day, monocalcium phosphate - 0.1 kg/day, high-protein feed additive "Organic" SP- 83% - 0.2 kg/day, table salt - 0.2 kg/day, baking soda - 0.2 kg/day."

Milk fat contains saturated acids of 44.5% (24% palmitic, 11% myristic and 9.5% stearic), which significantly reduces the biological value of this product. The share of monounsaturated oleic (Omega-9) and linoleic (Omega-6) fatty acids accounts for 32.26 and 21.68%, respectively (Gladyshev M.I. Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and their food sources for humans // Journal of Siberian Federal University Biology, 2012, No. 4. URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nezamenimye-polinenasyschennye-zhirnye-kisloty-i-ih-pischevye-istochniki-dlya-cheloveka (date of access: 07/03/2022).

The most beneficial for the body are unsaturated (mono-, di-, tri-) fatty acids. Unlike saturated triglycerides, unsaturated ones have a “liquid” consistency and do not solidify in the refrigerator. This category of triglycerides improves protein synthesis, the condition of cell membranes, and insulin sensitivity. In addition, it removes bad cholesterol, protects the heart and blood vessels from fatty plaques, and increases the number of good lipids. The human body does not produce unsaturated fats, so they must be supplied regularly through food. The complex of unsaturated fatty acids is called vitamin F or anti-cholesterol vitamin. It contains acids that are part of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 complexes.

Long-acting energy supplement for cattle, which includes sorbitol, sucrose, propylene glycol, glycerin, lactose, long-acting proglucose, a group of vitamins and microelements, propionic and acetic acids, L-carnitine, choline chloride (hepatoprotector), biotin, taurine, alpha -tocopherol (vitamin E). The components of Milkanizer, including: L-carnitine, choline chloride, vitamin E, niacin, biotin, while these components are selected taking into account the replenishment of components that are largely lost from the animal’s body with milk and urine (L-carnitine), and also help improve energy metabolism, liver functionality and increase milk yield, maintaining the animal in good functional condition.

High-protein feed additive "Organik" SP - 83%. Postal address (with index): 352360, Krasnodar region, st. Tbilisskaya, Elevatornaya St., 72G, Full name:: Eldar Suleymanov, Email:: eldar.s@yugzerno.ru. LLC "YugZerno" sells the high-protein feed additive "Organik" with a crude protein content of 83-85%, digestibility and digestibility - over 90%, amino acid composition - 19 amino acids, including all LIMITING ones. Used to balance agricultural rations. meat and dairy cattle, fattening poultry (broilers, ducks, geese), as a complete protein in feeding valuable fish species (sturgeon, trout, bester). Production - Krasnodar region, Tbilisskaya station. http://www.kaicc.ru/content/vysokobelkovaya-kormovaya-dobavka-organik

Brief description of drawings

In fig. 1 – Recommended feeding rations for cows per day per head, kg

In fig. 2 - Fatty acid composition of milk fat from cows of experimental groups

In fig. 3 - Fatty acid composition of butter.

In fig. 4 - Systematized fatty acids of innovative and standard products.

In fig. 5 – Dosing system for energy supplement for cattle with prolonged action.

Carrying out the invention

An example of a specific implementation of the method.

Fresh cows under industrial conditions are given a long-acting energy supplement for cattle daily, once at morning watering by mixing with water, using a dosing system (Figure 5) at a dosage of 350 g per head for 21 days before calving and 15 days after calving. After which, during the day, a feed ration is provided consisting of corn silage, alfalfa haylage, corn, barley, rapeseed, soybean and sunflower meal, barley straw, alfalfa hay, crushed corn, grain barley, corn gluten, megalac fat, beet molasses, chalk , monocalcium phosphate, high-protein feed additive "Organic", table salt, baking soda (Fig. 1). When receiving this diet, experimental cows produce milk with a high content of PUFAs. This phenomenon was established through a comprehensive study of raw milk from control milkings of fresh cows on the 20th day after calving on the CombiFoss 7 DC device (CombiFoss 7 DC) from Foss AnalyticalA/S (Denmark) (Fig. 1).

Evaluation of the fatty acid composition of the experimental and control oil samples showed the advantage of the experimental sample in terms of PUFA content compared to the control (Fig. 2).

The formation of the spatial structure is carried out in several stages. The primary structure formation of milk fat begins when cooled from 22-23 to 10-16°C. The stage of secondary structure formation occurs during refrigerated storage, mainly after 3-4 hours at a temperature of 14 ° C, and the final stage - after 3-4 weeks at a temperature from plus 5 to minus 10 ° C.

Systematization of milk fatty acids allowed us to obtain the following data (Fig. 3).

The total amount of unsaturated fatty acids exceeds the same indicator for the control oil sample by 8.31%, while the superiority of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 14.41%. At the same time, there is 4.18% less saturated fatty acids in the test oil sample.

From the milk of the experimental and control groups of cows, cream with a fat content of (35.0 ± 0.5)% was obtained and butter was obtained by churning or by converting high-fat cream (HFC).

The technological process for producing butter using this method includes: receiving milk, cooling, storage, heating, separation and production of medium-fat cream, heat treatment of cream, repeated separation and production of high-fat cream, conversion of high-fat milk by thermomechanical treatment, packaging, cooling of butter and its storage. To obtain high-fat cream, repeated separation is performed. First, cream of medium fat content (30-37%) is obtained, which is pasteurized at a temperature of 85-87 °C.

This method is implemented using butter formers, in which crystallization of glycerides in cream occurs under the influence of low temperatures and the formation of an oil structure through phase reversal - the transition of a direct emulsion (fat in water) to a reverse emulsion (water in oil). During the mechanical processing of cream, conditions are created for the crystallization of milk fat triglycerides. First, intensive cooling is carried out and the temperature is reduced from 60-70 to 20-23°C (the temperature is below the beginning of crystallization of the bulk of milk fat glycerides), and then from 20-23 to 10-16°C, at which mass crystallization occurs and increases sharply product viscosity.

Thus, the possibility of increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk of fresh cows under industrial conditions has been experimentally established.

Claims (1)

A method for increasing polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk of new-calf cows under industrial conditions, characterized by the fact that it includes daily morning watering of fresh-calf cows under industrial conditions by mixing water with a long-acting energy supplement for cattle "Milkanizer" using a dosing system at a dosage of 350 g per head for 21 days before calving and 15 days after calving, after which they are given a daily feed ration consisting of alfalfa hay - 2.0 kg/day, corn silage - 15.0 kg/day, alfalfa haylage - 8.0 kg/day, wheat bran - 2.0 kg/day, dry beet pulp - 2.0 kg/day, Belkoff protein concentrate - 2.0 kg/day, rapeseed meal - 1.5 kg/day, sunflower meal - 2.0 kg/day, crushed corn - 3.0 kg/day, grain barley - 1.5 kg/day, Megalac Fat - 0.45 kg/day, energy supplement "Milkanizer" - 0.35 kg/day , beet molasses - 1.0 kg/day, monocalcium phosphate - 0.1 kg/day, high-protein feed additive "Organik" SP-83% - 0.2 kg/day, table salt - 0.2 kg/day, baking soda - 0.2 kg/day.