RU2815625C1 - Cyclotron protective device resonator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: high-frequency radio electronics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of high-frequency radio electronics, namely to devices for protection of input cascades of microwave radio receiving devices, in particular, radar station receivers, from the effect of high-level input power in the centimetre and millimetre wavelength ranges. Resonator for a cyclotron protective device has a housing, the sides of which are closed by covers, each having a rectangular hole for passage of an electron beam. In the housing there are two opposite plates oriented along the direction of the electron beam and forming a capacitive gap between them; along the direction of the electron beam at a distance from the first pair, an additional pair of plates is installed, which forms a second capacitive gap. Parts of the resonator are made of copper with high conductivity, the resonator is placed in a vacuum and in a longitudinal magnetic field, wherein the resonator is made with the time of flight of electrons of the beam in the space between the first and second gaps equal to an odd number of half-periods of cyclotron oscillations of electrons in the resonator.

EFFECT: increased characteristic impedance of the resonator and increased bandwidth of the cyclotron protective device, and consequently improved electrical parameters of the cyclotron protective device.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of high-frequency radio electronics, namely to devices for protecting the input stages of microwave radio receiving devices, in particular, radar receivers, from the effects of high-level input power in the centimeter and millimeter wavelength ranges.

Modern radar stations (RLS) place stringent requirements on the receiver input stages. Along with a low noise figure in the operating frequency band, they must be reliably protected from high-level microwave power with an extremely short recovery time for parameters after the end of the microwave pulse.

All these requirements are largely satisfied by cyclotron protective devices (CPDs) operating on a fast cyclotron wave (FCW) of an electron beam.

It is known that the CZU is based on the interaction of an electrodynamic structure with the BCV of an electron beam. This device provides reliable protection against high-level microwave power with short recovery time [RF Patent No. 2167480, IPC N02N 7/12]. The resonators of the device are made in the form of coupling elements with a fast cyclotron wave.

Cuccia resonators are used as input and output communication devices with the electron beam [Radio Engineering, 1999, No. 4, P. 33; Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 2005, T. 175, No. 9, P.964]. The Cuccia resonator is the device closest to the proposed invention (prototype).

The Cuccia resonator is a volumetric resonator, which is made in a metal case with side covers that have holes for the passage of the electron beam. In the housing, plates are located opposite one another, oriented along the direction of the electron beam. The plates form a capacitive gap between themselves. An electron beam passes through the capacitive gap, and the high-frequency electric field arising in the gap is directed perpendicular to the direction of motion of the electron beam.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the inability to sufficiently expand the operating frequency band of the DZU.

To increase the operating frequency band, both the electronic load of the resonators and their characteristic impedance should be increased. In this case, to increase the electronic load, it is advisable to reduce the size of the gap, that is, to bring the walls of the gap closer to the electron beam; however, this leads to an increase in the capacitance of the resonator and, consequently, to a decrease in its characteristic resistance. Accordingly, increasing the gap in order to increase the characteristic resistance of the resonator leads to a decrease in its electronic load.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to increase the characteristic resistance of the resonator and the operating frequency band of the digital control unit, and, consequently, to improve the electrical parameters of the device.

The technical result is achieved in that the resonator for a cyclotron protective device contains a housing, the sides of which are closed with covers, each with a rectangular hole for the passage of an electron beam; two plates are located oppositely in the housing, oriented along the direction of the electron beam and forming a capacitive gap between them, An additional pair of plates is installed along the direction of the electron beam at a distance from the first pair, forming a second capacitive gap. The resonator parts are made of copper with high conductivity, the resonator is placed in a vacuum and in a longitudinal magnetic field, and the resonator is made with a time of flight of the beam electrons in the space between the first and second gaps equal to an odd number of half-periods of cyclotron oscillations of the electrons in the resonator.

The presence of a second gap makes it possible to excite in the resonator a type of oscillation with an increased characteristic impedance of the resonator, and, therefore, allows one to obtain a larger operating frequency band of the DZU.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows the proposed DZU resonator, where:

- building 1;

- cover 2;

- hole for electron beam 3;

- plate of the first pair 4;

- first capacitive gap 5;

- plate of the second pair 6;

- second capacitive gap 7;

- distance between pairs of plates 8.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the working area of the proposed resonator with the results of three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of the structure of the electric component of the high-frequency field at the resonant frequency of in-phase oscillations, where oscillations in the first gap and in the second gap are shown by arrows.

Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the working area of the proposed resonator with the results of electromagnetic modeling of the structure of the electric component of the high-frequency field at the resonant frequency of antiphase oscillations, where oscillations in the first gap and in the second gap are shown by arrows.

Example

The resonator parts are made of highly conductive copper. The cylindrical body of the resonator 1 is closed by side covers 2. The covers 2 have rectangular holes with dimensions that ensure the passage of the ribbon electron beam. The axes of the electron beam and the resonator coincide. The plates 4 of the first pair form the first capacitive gap 5. At a distance 8 along the axis of the electron beam there is a second pair of plates 6, which forms the second capacitive gap 7. In the CCD, the resonator is in a vacuum and in a longitudinal uniform magnetic field. The resonator is placed in a vacuum and in a longitudinal magnetic field. The level of magnetic induction provides cyclotron resonance at the resonant frequency of the operating type of oscillation of the resonator. The flight time of the beam electrons in the space between the first 5 and second 7 gaps is equal to an odd number of half-periods of cyclotron oscillations of electrons in the resonator.

An ultra-high-frequency cyclotron protective device with input and output resonators operates as follows.

In the transmission mode, the input signal at the frequency of the operating type of oscillation of the resonator enters the signal transmission path into the input resonator. Under its influence, the BCV of the electron beam is excited in the electron beam, which transfers the signal energy to the output resonator, which is similar in design to the input resonator. In the output resonator, the signal is output from the BCV and is transmitted through the transmission path to an external microwave line.

In the input and output of the proposed two-gap resonators, the operating modes are antiphase types of oscillations. To ensure effective interaction with the electron beam during antiphase oscillations of the electric field in the first and second gaps of each of the resonators, it is necessary to ensure that the time of flight of the beam electrons in the space between the first and second gaps is equal to an odd number of half-cycles of the cyclotron oscillations of the electrons in the resonator.

The technical feasibility of implementing the proposed resonator with two gaps is confirmed by computer simulation.

Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of the structure of the electrical component of the high-frequency field at the resonant frequency of the proposed resonator is presented in Fig. 2 and Fig. Z.

In FIG. 2 oscillations in the first 5 and in the second 7 gaps are in phase, the phase shift between the oscillations is 0π. This type of oscillation is completely similar to the working type of oscillation in the prototype Cuccia resonator. In the space at a distance of 8 between the first and second pairs of plates, there is almost no electromagnetic field. Gaps 5 and 7 for this type of vibration are connected in parallel. Excitation of in-phase oscillations with a phase shift of 0π in the proposed two-gap resonator is of no practical interest.

In FIG. 3 oscillations in the first 5 and second 7 gaps have a phase shift equal to π. In the space at a distance of 8 between the first and second pairs of plates there is a high-frequency field, which indicates that gaps 5 and 7 for this antiphase type of vibration are connected in series. The characteristic resistance of the resonator for this type of oscillation is significantly increased. This makes it possible to increase the operating frequency band of the cyclotron protective device and, consequently, improve its electrical characteristics.

The increased characteristic impedance of the input and output double-gap resonators makes it possible to ensure matching of the conductivities of the electron beam and each of the resonators in the increased operating frequency band of the DCU.

Thus, the proposed two-gap design of each of the two DZU resonators makes it possible to significantly increase their characteristic impedance and, consequently, expand the operating frequency band of the DZU - improve its electrical parameters.

Claims (1)

A resonator for a cyclotron protective device, containing a housing, the sides of which are closed with covers, each with a rectangular hole for the passage of an electron beam, two plates located oppositely in the housing, oriented along the direction of the electron beam and forming a capacitive gap between them, along the direction of the electron beam at a distance An additional pair of plates is installed from the first pair, forming a second capacitive gap, characterized in that the resonator parts are made of copper with high conductivity, the resonator is placed in a vacuum and in a longitudinal magnetic field, and the resonator is made with the time of flight of the beam electrons in the space between the first and the second gaps are equal to an odd number of half-periods of cyclotron oscillations of electrons in the resonator.