RU2814823C1 - Wave absorber and its versions - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water industry.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to wave absorbers intended for protection of sea shores from wave effects, including for protection of sea shores from erosion. Wave absorber is a volumetric structure, including a bottom plate, and comprises a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirling well with a bottom and a ramp, at that, all elements of the wave damper are made closed from above, and the swirling well is open. According to the first embodiment, the wave absorber comprises a cylindrical swirling well, including a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirling well, or a fixed minimum of one-, maximum four-start screw with turns of the form of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete turn, as shown in figure 2, or a pipe of rectangular section fixed in the form of a spiral with gradual narrowing towards the outlet. According to the second embodiment, the wave absorber comprises an additional swirling well, wherein the first and second swirling well are made intersecting with each other, forming an acute angle at the point of their intersection, as shown in figure 8, and receiving box and water conduit are made common for two swirling well. In each swirling well there is a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirling well, or a fixed minimum of one, maximum four-start screw with turns of the form of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete turn, as shown in figure 12. According to the third embodiment, the wave absorber comprises an additional swirling well, a duct and a water conduit, wherein the additional swirling well, duct and water conduit are installed on the bottom plate separately with the swirling well, duct and water conduit. In each swirling well there is a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirling well, or a fixed minimum of one, maximum four-start screw with turns of the form of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete turn, or a tube of rectangular cross-section with gradual narrowing towards the outlet is rigidly installed in the form of a spiral. According to the fourth version, the wave absorber is double-sided, as shown in figure 7, intercepting the flow both from the open sea and from the shore, note here that both sides of said damper comprise intake box with tapered water duct and cylindrical swirling well with bottom. Cylindrical swirling well contains a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirling well, or fixed at least one-, maximum four-start screw with turns of the form of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete turn, or a pipe of rectangular cross-section fixed in the form of a spiral with gradual narrowing towards the outlet.

EFFECT: providing protection of sea shores from wave effects, including for protection of sea shores from erosion by a structure which does not require manufacturing of a large number of wave absorbing elements.

4 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic structures and is intended to protect sea shores from wave influences, including protecting sea shores from erosion.

To dampen waves, structures are known that ensure the passage of water through cracks or holes (for example, “Prefabricated sea boom” ASSU No. 1523623, published November 23, 1989, issue 43; “MODULAR SHORE PROTECTION STRUCTURE” patent for invention RU No. 2 528 191, published 09.10.2014 Bulletin No. 25;).

A prefabricated sea boom is a hollow block without a bottom, the front and rear walls of which are made with slotted holes, and a rock fill inside the block.

Through breakwaters of a modular bank protection structure are made of support posts and a reflective surface into which the water flow hits, and on it, at intervals, forming openings, guides are rigidly fixed, representing a semicircle in cross-section.

A common disadvantage of these wave absorbers is the need to make a large number of slots or openings.

A wave absorber is known that contains vertical pipes as wave damping elements, assembled into a three-dimensional structure, installed on a bottom plate in three groups, having decreasing values of diameter and wall thickness towards the shore, with free space between them in a row equal to the diameter of the pipe of the corresponding group (application for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 2022130526).

The disadvantage of the known wave damper is the need to manufacture a large number of wave damping elements.

Based on the combination of such features as the implementation of a three-dimensional design and the presence of a bottom plate, this wave absorber is accepted as a prototype.

The objective of the claimed invention is to provide protection of sea coasts from wave influences, including from erosion, by using a wave absorber design that does not require the manufacture of a large number of wave damping elements (or slots).

The essence of the wave absorber, which is a three-dimensional structure including a bottom plate, is that it contains a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom and a ramp, while all elements of the wave absorber are made closed at the top, and the swirl well is open.

In the well of such a wave absorber, instead of a ramp, there can be a fixedly installed minimum one-, maximum four-thread auger, with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete rotation, made as shown in figure 2; or a pipe of rectangular cross-section fixedly installed in a spiral around the vertical axis of the swirl well with its gradual narrowing towards the outlet. In addition, the specified wave absorber can be made double-sided, as shown in Figure 7, intercepting the flow both from the open sea and from the shore.

The essence of the second version of the wave absorber, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom and a ramp, is that it contains an additional swirl well, and both swirl wells are made intersecting. with each other, forming an acute angle at the place of their intersection, as shown in Figure 8, and the receiving box and water conduit are made common to two swirler wells, while all elements of the wave absorber are made closed at the top, and the swirler wells are open.

In each swirl well of such a wave absorber, instead of a ramp, there can be a fixedly installed minimum single-entry, maximum four-entry with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid made as shown in Figure 12. The second version of the wave absorber can also be made double-sided, as shown in Figure 10 -12, intercepting the flow both from the open sea and from the shore.

The essence of the third version of the wave absorber, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom and a ramp, is that it contains an additional swirl well, a box and a water conduit installed separately on the bottom plate with the existing swirl well, box and water conduit, while all elements of the wave suppressor are made closed at the top, and the swirl wells are open.

In each swirl well of the third version of the wave absorber, instead of a ramp, there can be a fixedly installed minimum one-, maximum four-thread auger with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid; or a pipe of rectangular cross-section fixedly installed in a spiral around the vertical axis of the swirl well with a gradual narrowing towards the outlet. The third version of the wave absorber can be made double-sided, intercepting the flow both from the open sea and from the shore, as shown in Figure 14.

The essence of the group of inventions is illustrated by drawings:

in fig. 1 - drawing of a wave absorber, top view;

in fig. 2 - drawing of a wave absorber with a screw in a swirl well, top view;

in fig. 3 - cross-section of the wave damper through the center of the swirl well with an auger;

in fig. 4 - drawing of a wave absorber with a pipe in a swirl well, top view;

in fig. 5 - cross section of a swirl well with a pipe;

in fig. 6 - drawing of a pipe installed in two turns, 3/4 view;

in fig. 7 - drawing of a double-sided wave absorber, top view;

in fig. 8 - drawing of the wave absorber of the second option, top view;

in fig. 9 - longitudinal section of the wave absorber of the second option;

in fig. 10 - drawing of a double-sided wave absorber of the second option, top view;

in fig. 11 - longitudinal section of a double-sided wave absorber of the second option;

in fig. 12 - drawing of a double-sided wave absorber of the second version with a screw in each swirl well, top view;

in fig. 13 - drawing of a wave absorber of the third option with a pipe in each swirl well, 3/4 view;

in fig. 14 - drawing of a double-sided wave absorber of the third option with a pipe in each swirl well, view ¾;

All claimed wave absorbers have a base in the form of a reinforced concrete bottom slab 1 and a receiving box 2, a tapering water conduit 3 and a cylindrical well-swirler 4, with a bottom 5, assembled into a three-dimensional structure, with the box 2 and conduit 3 made closed at the top, and the well - swirler 4 - open, made of reinforced concrete (RC) or glass-basalt-plastic (SPB) material. To operate, all claimed wave absorbers use wave flow 9, as a result of interaction with which ascending vortex jets 10 are formed above the wave absorber swirl well 4.

The first version of the wave absorber contains one of the above structural elements 1-5, and also contains a ramp 6 formed by the bottom 5 of the swirl well 4, made smoothly rising around its vertical axis, and located on the opposite side from the position of the narrow part of the conduit 3.

The wave suppressor of the first option can be made with the position of the narrow part of the water conduit 3 both in the left part of the swirl well 4 (Fig. 2) and in the right (Fig. 1). Instead of a ramp 6, at the bottom 5 of the swirling well 4 of the wave absorber, a minimum one-, maximum four-thread auger 7 can be fixedly installed, made as shown in figures 2, 3 (each turn of which is shaped like a straight annular helicoid, made with an incomplete rotation, with gaps between turns sufficient for the passage of sediment of the largest size along with flow 9, and to the right of the well - dots show the non-working internal cavity of the wave absorber, filled with local beach material (cheap soil), which serves to increase the durability of the structure (Fig. 3).Instead of ramp 6 at the bottom 5 of the swirl well 4 of the wave absorber can also be fixedly installed (attached to the bottom and walls of the well) a pipe 8 of rectangular cross-section, made curled (from one to three turns) around the central axis of the swirl well 4 and tapering towards the exit, as shown in the figure 4.

The wave suppressor works as follows.

When installing the wave absorber in the direction from the shore to the sea with the side where the receiving box 2 is located, the mass of the wave flow 9 flowing onto the structure is divided into two parts - the upper part, moving above it, comes to the shore and carries with it sediments that are deposited near shores and on the beach. The second part of the flow 9 - enters the receiving box 2, intercepting the bulk of the oncoming wave flow 9, and, passing through the tapering conduit 3 and increasing its speed, enters the swirl well 4. The high-speed jet begins its movement in a circular orbit, following the configuration the walls of this well-swirler 4 and then the mass of water begins to rise in a spiral, forming a vortex flow with jets 10; ramp 6 contributes to a more efficient lifting of vortex jets 10 with sediment upward. Instead of a ramp, this can also be facilitated by auger 7, each turn of which is made with an incomplete rotation, as shown in figure 2, lifting the flow 9 along its course from the swirl well 4 upward and thus forming a helical movement, which has both rotational and translational movement along its axis; Instead of a ramp, the rise of swirling jets 10 with sediment upward can also be facilitated by a pipe 8, tapering towards the outlet to accelerate the flow 9 and form the effect of a nozzle from which ascending swirling jets 10 emerge.

Thus, a helical flow with a vertical axis of rotation is formed above the swirl well 4. The sediment that moved with the wave flow 9 rises to the upper layers of the coastal wave flow 9 due to the high nanotransport ability of the helical current, which exists for some time and maintains sediment particles in suspension; During this time, the next wave usually approaches and washes sediment to the shore, where it is deposited.

Making the wave absorber left-sided (the position of the narrow part of the water conduit 3 on the right side of the swirler well 4) or right-sided (the position of the narrow part of the water conduit 3 on the left side of the swirler well 4) determines the preferential position of the exit of the ascending vortex jets 10 from the swirler well 4. In a left-sided wave absorber the output of the ascending swirl jets 10 will fall mainly on the left half of the swirl well 4, in the right-hand side - on the right half of the swirl well 4, which allows you to regulate the flow 9 with sediment not only from the sea or from the shore, but also from the side, for example, by placing the left-side wave absorber in a place where the waves hit not only perpendicular to the shore, but also to the right of the wave absorber.

At the same time, when the wave absorber is made double-sided, receiving flow 9 both from the open sea and from the shore, the reverse flow 9, rolling down from the shore and washing away a significant amount of sediment, also enters the receiving box 2 of the wave absorber from the opposite side and, similarly Thus, it penetrates into the swirl well 4, which also creates a helical flow moving upward and raises sediments, which are also transported to the shore with the next suitable wave from the sea. Thus, during the operation of the wave absorber, there is a continuous generation of vertical vortex jets 10 (fountains), braking the upper part of the wave flow 9 and removing sediment upward. And the latter are constantly chasing towards the shore and cannot go towards the open sea.

The second version of the wave absorber contains an additional well 4, while both swirl wells 4 are made intersecting with each other, forming an acute angle 11 at their intersection, as shown in Figure 8, and the receiving box 2 and the conduit 3 are made common to the two swirl wells 4, while the ramp 6 of each swirl well 4 is placed on one of two opposite sides from the position of the narrow part of the water conduit 3. Also, as in the first option, instead of the ramp 6 at the bottom 5 of the swirl well 4, at least one wave absorber can be fixedly installed -, a maximum four-thread auger 7, designed as shown in figure 12 (with an incomplete rotation of each turn of the shape of a straight annular helicoid (or, otherwise, a helical conoid) with gaps between these turns sufficient for the passage of sediment of the largest size along with the flow 9.

The second version of the wave absorber works similarly to the first option, but part of the flow 9, getting inside the common receiving box 2 and, passing through the tapering common water conduit 3 and increasing its speed, enters the general limits of the swirl wells 4, and, encountering an acute angle 11, is divided into two oppositely directed high-speed flows that move in a circular orbit of each swirler well 4 and then each performs the work described above for one swirler well 4, with the same result. Since there are two wells in the wave absorber, the operating efficiency is doubled.

The third option, unlike the first option, contains an additional swirl well 4, a box 2 and a water conduit 3, separately installed on the bottom plate 1 with the existing well 4, a box 2 and a water conduit 3.

The operation of the third option is also not fundamentally different from the operation of the wave absorber of the first option, but since there are two swirler wells 4 in the wave absorber, as in the second option, the operating efficiency is doubled. In contrast to the second version of the wave absorber, the direction of separate high-speed flows in the swirl wells 4 can be not only different, but also the same - depending on the location of the receiving boxes 2 with water conduits 3 relative to the swirl wells, by analogy with making the wave absorber of the first option left-handed or right-handed, which allows you to regulate the flow of sediment not only from the sea or from the shore, but also from the side.

All wave absorbers are a three-dimensional structure built on a bottom rectangular slab 3, which is characterized by such width and length dimensions as 5.5 m, 6.5 m for a wave absorber with one swirl well and one box and conduit, and 5.5 m, 13 m - for the same wave absorber, but made double-sided. For a wave suppressor with two swirl wells, both intersecting and made separately - 11 m, 6.5 m; and 11 m, 13 m - for the same wave absorber, but made double-sided; the height of the bottom plate is about 0.5 m, and the height of the entire wave suppressor can reach 2.5 m, depending on the number of revolutions of the structures installed in the well (screw or pipe). These examples indicating the sizes of wave absorbers are given to understand the proportional changes when implementing wave absorber options. The use of one or another option and the dimensions of the wave absorber must be determined on the basis of a physical or mathematical experiment conducted to determine its optimal value.

Wave damping by a wave absorber occurs as a result of the creation of ascending vortex jets emerging from the wells of the structure, and the simultaneous interception of the flow with sediment by the receiving box, conducting the flow through the water conduit and along the curved walls of the well, its lifting along the ramp (or along the auger screw, or through the pipe) arriving from the side of the open water area, and in the case of a double-sided wave arrester - also those that are washed away from the beach slope and captured by the structure on the opposite side. In this case, the ideal final result (IFR) is achieved three times - when the system itself performs the functions assigned to the technical proposal: the energy of the wave flow itself is used, the waves are decelerated by the flow itself due to its energy, and the periodicity of the wave run-up is used for sediment transport. That is, the sediments rising from the bottom with each subsequent wave are carried to the shore, and those sediments that were washed away from the shore also rise up and are again carried to the shore.

As a result of the operation of the device, we obtain the calming of the wave of the upper part of the flow and the capture of sediments together with the lower part of the flow with their transfer to the shore due to the movement of a new wave of the upper part of the flow, and when performing a double-sided design, it is impossible or difficult to recapture sediment from the shore, which means that a device that protects the shore from wave influences, including erosion, and does not require the manufacture of a large number of wave-damping elements.

Claims (4)

1. A wave suppressor, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, characterized in that it contains a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom, and the cylindrical swirl well contains a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirl well, or a fixedly installed at least one -, a maximum of a four-entry auger with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete rotation, as shown in figure 2, or a rectangular cross-section pipe fixedly installed in the form of a spiral with a gradual narrowing towards the exit, with all elements of the wave absorber made closed at the top, and the swirl well - open. 2. A wave suppressor, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, characterized in that it contains a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom and an additional swirl well, with both wells made intersecting with each other, forming in their place intersection is an acute angle, as shown in Figure 8, and the receiving box and water conduit are made common to two swirl wells, and in each swirl well there is a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirl well, or a fixedly installed minimum one-, maximum four-way auger with turns the shape of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete revolution, as shown in Figure 12, with all elements of the wave absorber made closed at the top, and the swirl well - open. 3. A wave suppressor, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, characterized in that it contains a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom, as well as an additional swirl well, a box and a water conduit, with an additional swirl well, a box and the water conduit are installed on the bottom plate separately with a swirl well, a box and a water conduit, and in each swirl well there is a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirl well, or a fixedly installed minimum one-, maximum four-way auger with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid with partial rotation , or a rectangular cross-section pipe is fixedly installed in the form of a spiral with a gradual narrowing towards the outlet, while all elements of the wave absorber are made closed at the top, and the swirl well is open. 4. A wave absorber, which is a three-dimensional structure and includes a bottom plate, characterized in that it is double-sided, as shown in Fig. 7, intercepting the flow both from the open sea and from the shore, while both sides of the wave absorber contain a receiving box with a tapering water conduit, a cylindrical swirl well with a bottom, and the cylindrical swirl well contains a ramp formed by the bottom of the swirl well, or stationary an installed minimum one-, maximum four-threaded auger with turns in the shape of a straight annular helicoid with an incomplete rotation, or a fixed rectangular cross-section pipe installed in the form of a spiral with a gradual narrowing towards the exit, while all elements of the wave absorber are made closed at the top, and the swirl well is open.