RU2814599C1 - Motor cultivator transmission - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: motor cultivator transmission comprises a reduction gear housing with an output shaft made up of two output half-shafts, fixed against axial movement and made with possibility of independent rotation relative to each other, connected to input shaft through blocks of sprockets. Gearbox housing is equipped with an intermediate shaft having a drive clutch and drive pulleys. Input shaft consists of two hollow input half-shafts fixed against axial movement and made with possibility of independent rotation relative to each other. In cavities of hollow input half-shafts there arranged are clutch release rods with release mechanisms equipped with individual control elements providing clutch engaged and disengaged modes. On the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts there are coaxially installed drive clutches equipped with drive discs, and driven clutches equipped with driven discs and pressure discs, which have springs installed with possibility of pressing to the base of driven clutches of driving and driven discs. On outer part of hollow input half-shafts with possibility of axial rotation there installed are driving clutches, outer surfaces of which are made in the form of driven pulleys interconnected with driving pulleys by V-belt.

EFFECT: reduced labour input of motor cultivator control during manoeuvring, increased cross-country capacity, as well as increased service life of clutch.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to means of mechanization of agricultural work on personal plots, in gardens and vegetable gardens for individual use.

The transmission is designed to change the amount of torque, as well as to transmit torque from the engine crankshaft to the drive wheels and/or cutters of the cultivator.

A chain gearbox of a walk-behind tractor is known, the gear ratio of which is more than 2.5 (see RF patent for utility model No. 2694 class A01B 3/50, 1996). The wheels of the walk-behind tractor are installed at the ends of the solid output shaft of the gearbox.

The disadvantages of a walk-behind tractor with such a gearbox design are difficulty in controlling, low maneuverability, and increased fuel consumption when turning and driving on uneven roads.

An analogue of the invention is the design of a two-speed chain gearbox of the MB-1 “Neva” walk-behind tractor (see online source: https://pahalka.ru/motobloki/motobloki-neva/motoblok-neva-mb-1), in an elongated housing along the axis of symmetry There is an input continuous shaft connected through three blocks of sprockets to the output shaft, at the ends of which there are holes for fixing to the shaft of the drive wheels or soil mills. The double sprocket is pushed apart in the gearbox housing using a bushing and washer.

When driving on turns or on uneven roads, the drive wheels of the walk-behind tractor travel different distances. Therefore, if both wheels, having a common solid shaft, receive rotation from the engine at the same speed, then one of them will slip. The operator is forced to exert greater effort to “drag” the sliding wheel, causing increased tire wear and increased fuel consumption.

The disadvantages of the known gearbox design are the low maneuverability of the walk-behind tractor, the need for high physical effort by the operator when one of the drive wheels slips and, as a consequence, increased tire wear and increased fuel consumption.

The prototype of the claimed invention is a walk-behind tractor gearbox (see RF patent for invention No. 2348135 class A01B 71/00, 2009), containing a gearbox housing with an output shaft located inside, composed of two output half-shafts, fixed from axial movement and made with the possibility of independent rotation relative to each other, connected to the input shaft, through sprocket blocks.

The disadvantage of such a walk-behind tractor gearbox is the low maneuverability of the walk-behind tractor, the need for the operator to exert physical effort to turn, turn or maneuver the walk-behind tractor, leading to its rapid fatigue, increased wear of the clutch components, as well as low maneuverability due to maneuvering with the clutch disengaged for both drive wheels and/or cutters walk-behind tractor.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the labor intensity of controlling a motor-cultivator when maneuvering, increase its cross-country ability, and also increase the clutch life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the transmission of a motor cultivator, containing a gearbox housing with an output shaft located inside, composed of two output half-shafts, fixed from axial movement and configured to rotate independently relative to each other, connected to the input shaft, through sprocket blocks, according to the invention the gearbox housing is equipped with an intermediate shaft having a drive coupling and drive pulleys, and the input shaft is made up of two hollow input half-shafts, secured against axial movement and designed to rotate independently relative to each other, while clutch release rods with release mechanisms are located in their cavities, equipped with individual controls that provide on and off modes of the clutch, and on the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts there are coaxially installed driving clutches equipped with driving disks and driven clutches equipped with driven disks and pressure disks, which have springs installed with the possibility of pressing to the base of the driven clutches driving and driven disks, and on the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts, drive clutches are installed with the possibility of axial rotation, the outer surfaces of which are made in the form of driven pulleys connected to the drive pulleys by V-belts.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings where: Fig. 1 - shows a longitudinal section of the transmission of a motor cultivator; in fig. 2 - clutch separately from Fig. 1 (clutch engaged mode); in fig. 3 - clutch separately from Fig. 1 (clutch disengaged mode).

For the sake of clarity, the drawings present only those elements that are necessary to understand the invention, and related elements well known to those skilled in the art are not presented.

The transmission of a motor-cultivator (Fig. 1) contains a gearbox housing 1 with an output shaft placed inside, composed of two output half-shafts 2 and 3, fixed from axial movement and configured to rotate independently relative to each other, an input shaft made up of two hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5, fixed from axial movement and made with the possibility of independent rotation relative to each other, connected to the output half-shafts 2 and 3, through blocks of sprockets 6 and 7 by chain drives 8, 9, 10 and 11. In the cavities of the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5 are located clutch release rods 12 and 13 with release mechanisms 14 and 15, made in the form of worms, equipped with individual controls 16 and 17, made in the form of worm levers connected by cables to the motor-cultivator control handles (not shown in the figures), providing modes of the clutch on and off (Fig. 2, 3). On the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5, drive clutches 18 and 19 are coaxially installed, equipped with drive disks 20 and 21, and driven clutches 22 and 23 are equipped with driven disks 24 and 25, pressure plates 26 and 27, which have springs 28 and 29 installed. with the possibility of pressing the driven clutches 22 and 23 of the driving disks 20 and 21 and the driven disks 24 and 25 to the base. At the same time, on the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5 with the possibility of axial rotation, the driving clutches 18 and 19 are installed, the outer surfaces of which are made in in the form of driven pulleys 30 and 31. The intermediate shaft 32 is installed inside the gearbox housing 1 in its upper part, has a drive coupling 33 and drive pulleys 34 and 35 communicated with driven pulleys 30 and 31 by V-belts 36 and 37.

The power cultivator transmission works as follows. During operation of the cultivator, the torque from the internal combustion engine (not shown in the figures) is transmitted to the drive coupling 33, rotating the intermediate shaft 32 with drive pulleys 34 and 35, which, using V-belts 36 and 37, drive the driven pulleys 30 and 31 together with the drive clutches 18 and 19. The driving disks 20 and 21 are engaged by protrusions with the grooves of the driving clutches 18 and 19, the driven disks 24 and 25 are engaged with the driven clutches 22 and 23. In the position where the clutch release rods 12 and 13 are pressed through the release mechanisms 14 and 15 are not affected by the individual controls 16 and 17, the driving disks 20 and 21 and the driven disks 24 and 25 are pressed against each other by the pressure disks 26 and 27 under the force of the springs 28 and 29, and the driving clutches 18 and 19 and the driven clutches 22 and 23 rotate as one. Since the driven clutches 22 and 23 are rigidly fixed to the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5, they rotate together. From the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5, through chain drives 8 and 9, sprocket blocks 6 and 7 rotate, through chain drives 10 and 11, driving the output half-shafts 2 and 3 of the output shaft, on which drive wheels and/or cutters are mounted (not shown in the figures). shown).

Individual controls 16 and 17 act on the release mechanisms 14 and 15, which squeeze the clutch release rods 12 and 13 (by the operator's action on the control handles of the motor-cultivator (not shown in the figures)), and transmit force to the pressure plates 26 and 27, pushing them aside , overcoming the force of the springs 28 and 29, separating the drive disks 20 and 21 and the driven disks 24 and 25, and therefore disengaging the clutch (Fig. 3), thereby breaking the flow of torque between the intermediate shaft 32 and the hollow input half-shafts 4 and 5, and consequently, stopping the rotation of half-shafts 2 and 3 of the output shaft with drive wheels and/or cutters installed on them (not shown in the figures).

Modes of operation of the motor-cultivator transmission during maneuvering, including: turning, turning and moving along a curved path.

When turning the cultivator, the operator presses the cultivator control handle of the corresponding individual control 16 or 17 (guided by the selected side of rotation), thereby breaking the flow of torque between the intermediate shaft 32 and the hollow input half-shaft 4 or 5 (depending on the selected side of rotation). As a result, one of the output half-shafts 2 or 3 stops together with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it (not shown in the figures), and the rotating half-shaft 3 or 2, respectively, with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it (on figures not shown), describes an arc around it, thereby producing a turn, the angle of which is controlled by the operator by acting on individual controls 16 or 17 (depending on the selected side of the turn).

When turning the cultivator, the operator presses the cultivator control handle of the corresponding individual control 16 or 17 (guided by the selected side of the turn), thereby breaking the flow of torque between the intermediate shaft 32 and the hollow input half-shaft 4 or 5 (depending on the selected side of the turn). As a result, one of the output half-shafts 2 or 3 stops together with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it (not shown in the figures), and the rotating half-shaft 3 or 2, respectively, with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it (on figures not shown), describes a semicircle around it, thereby producing a turn, which is controlled by the operator by acting on individual controls 16 or 17 (depending on the selected side of the turn).

When the motor-cultivator moves along a curved path, the operator briefly squeezes the motor-cultivator control handle of the corresponding individual control 16 or 17 (guided by the selected direction of the movement trajectory), thereby briefly breaking the flow of torque between the intermediate shaft 32 and the hollow input half-shaft 4 or 5 (depending on the direction movement trajectories). As a result, one of the output half-shafts 2 or 3 stops briefly together with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it (not shown in the figures), and the rotating half-shaft 3 or 2, respectively, with the drive wheel and/or cutter installed on it ( not shown in the figures), describes an arc around it, thereby producing movement along a curved trajectory which is controlled by the operator, acting on individual controls 16 or 17 (depending on the direction of the movement trajectory).

When maneuvering the cultivator:

- the operator does not put physical effort on the steering wheel, but works only with individual controls 16 and 17, which reduces the complexity of controlling the cultivator when turning, turning and maneuvering;

- the torque of the internal combustion engine is used, transmitted to the drive wheel and/or cutter, and not the muscular strength of the operator, due to which the change in direction of movement occurs faster than in the prototype, and therefore maneuverability increases;

- on an uneven road or rough terrain, torque from the internal combustion engine will always be transmitted to one of the wheels and/or cutters, which will increase cross-country ability;

- minimal wear of the clutch components occurs due to their short-term slipping (the period of completion of maneuvering, which proceeds faster due to the use of the internal combustion engine, and not the muscular strength of the operator).

The use of the invention will make it possible to: reduce the complexity of controlling a motor-cultivator when maneuvering, increase its cross-country ability, and also increase the clutch life.

Claims (1)

A motor-cultivator transmission containing a gearbox housing with an output shaft located inside, composed of two output half-shafts, fixed from axial movement and configured to rotate independently relative to each other, connected to the input shaft through sprocket blocks, characterized in that the gearbox housing is equipped with an intermediate shaft, having a drive coupling and drive pulleys, and the input shaft is made up of two hollow input half-shafts, fixed from axial movement and made with the possibility of independent rotation relative to each other, while in their cavities there are clutch release rods with release mechanisms equipped with individual controls that provide modes of the clutch on and off, and on the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts there are coaxially installed driving clutches equipped with driving disks, and driven clutches equipped with driven disks and pressure disks, which have springs installed with the possibility of pressing to the base of the driven clutches of the leading and driven disks, and on the outer part of the hollow input half-shafts, drive clutches are installed with the possibility of axial rotation, the outer surfaces of which are made in the form of driven pulleys connected to the drive pulleys by a V-belt.