RU2811838C1 - Computer method for determining percentage content of mass of petroleum products in oiled rag - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: environmental protection.

SUBSTANCE: imprint of an oiled rag is obtained by exposing it to a given pressure for a set time - with the possibility of transferring this pressure to the paper through a layer of rags evenly placed on the paper and limited in height by a solid object of regular geometric shape. After receiving the print on paper, its appearance is recorded with the ability to enter the received information into a computer and compare it using a computer with the appearance of reference prints previously entered into the computer in the same way as the print of the rag being evaluated. In this case, reference prints are obtained at a mass content of petroleum products in oiled rags of 10, 15, and 25%.

EFFECT: ability to determine the hazard class of oily rags.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of studying the level of environmental pollution, in particular to methods for determining the content of petroleum products in cleaning materials - in oily rags, which are industrial waste during the operation of vehicles, as well as other machines and factory equipment.

There is a known method for determining the mass content of petroleum products in soils using infrared spectrometry, which basically includes extraction of a soil sample, purification of the extract on aluminum oxide, measurement of the optical density of the extract with an IR spectrometer in a transparent cuvette at a frequency of 2924 cm ^-1 . When carrying out measurements, a soil sample weighing 10 g is crushed, extracted with freon 113 twice with 20 ml each, then dried for 10-15 hours at a temperature of 20-25 ° C, ground and again extracted with 20 ml of freon 113. The concentration values measured in all extracts are summed (Pat. RF No. 2766530, G01N 21/3563, 03/16/2021) [1].

The main disadvantage of the known method is its difficulty in practical implementation under operating conditions of vehicles.

The closest technical solution, chosen as a prototype, is a computer method for determining the opacity of exhaust gases of diesel engines, which consists of obtaining a print of the opacity (product) on white paper. The print is obtained by placing a sheet of paper at some distance from the cut of the exhaust pipe. The appearance of the fingerprint is recorded and entered into the computer. Information about the appearance of the reference prints is also entered into the computer. Then it is compared using a computer with the appearance of the reference prints (RF Patent No. 2492442, G01M 15/00, G01N 21/00, 02/21/2012) [2].

The main disadvantage of this method is that it is poorly suited for determining the percentage of oil products in oily rags.

The objective of the invention is to create a method for determining the percentage of petroleum products in oily rags. The determination of this indicator is due to the need to establish the hazard class of industrial waste - cleaning material (rags) contaminated with oil or oil products. Thus, in accordance with the FKKO, rags as industrial waste are assigned hazard classes IV and III - if the content of oil or petroleum products in the rags is respectively less than 15% and 15% or more (Order of Rosprirodnadzor dated May 22, 2017 No. 242 “On approval of the Federal Classification Catalog waste") [3]. Depending on the established hazard class, the appropriate disposal option for oily rags is adopted.

The essence of the invention is as follows. The imprint of the evaluated product - an oiled rag - is obtained by exposing it to a given pressure for a set time - with the possibility of transferring this pressure to the paper through a layer of rags evenly placed on the paper and limited in height by a solid object of regular geometric shape. After receiving a print of the evaluated rag, its appearance is recorded on paper with the ability to enter the received information into a computer and compare it using a computer with the appearance of the reference prints, previously entered into the computer in the same way as the print of the evaluated rag. In this case, reference prints are obtained at a mass content of petroleum products in oiled rags of 10, 15 and 25 percent, and for different types of rags. This makes it possible to create a method for determining the percentage of petroleum products in oiled rags, in particular, to establish the level of oil or petroleum products in rags within the range: less than 15% or 15% or more.

The drawing shows a computer method for determining the percentage of the mass of petroleum products in oily rags, in particular, it shows the reference prints of oily rags on paper (appearance): first, second and third from the left (indicated by numbers 1, 2 and 3) - with the percentage of the mass of petroleum products - 10, 15 and 25 percent, respectively.

In practice, the proposed method for determining the percentage of oil products in oily rags can be carried out as follows. The appearance of reference fingerprints of petroleum products is obtained from an oiled rag and they are entered into the computer. To do this, under the same conditions (when using the same paper, when exposed to the same set pressure for the same set time - with the possibility of transferring this pressure to the paper through a layer of rags evenly placed on paper and limited in height by a solid object of regular geometric shape) they take prints of petroleum products from oiled rags, the content of which is 10, 15 and 25%. To take fingerprints, use white paper, a simple device in the form of a hollow cylinder and a clamp in the form of a disk with the possibility of placing it in the cavity of the cylinder, as well as a watch with a second hand. The paper is placed on a flat, horizontal, hard surface and then a hollow cylinder is placed vertically on it. A layer of oiled rags is placed in the cavity of this cylinder, the height of which can be within 5 cm. If necessary, the rags are cut with scissors to form pieces, the area of each of which can be in the range from 2 to 5 ^cm2 . A clamp is placed on a layer of rags leveled on a horizontal surface. When taking a print, the clamp, under the influence of gravity, acts on the layer of rags - creates pressure on the rags. Under the influence of this pressure for, for example, 15 seconds, the rag becomes compacted. As a result, and also under the influence of gravity, oil products are released from the rag layer and are fixed on paper in the form of an imprint. Then, using a digital camera or other electronic means, the appearance of each print obtained is recorded and this information is entered into a computer. As a result, they have in their computer a bank of information of reference prints of petroleum products from oily rags. In the same way, information about the verified print of petroleum products from an oiled rag is obtained and entered into the computer. From a variety of reference fingerprints, the computer selects the fingerprint that, in terms of information characteristics, is closest to the one being checked. The data of the found reference fingerprint matches the data of the fingerprint being checked or is most closely related to it. The information obtained is automatically saved and ultimately used to determine the hazard class of oily rags as industrial waste.

Thus, a computer method has been proposed for determining the percentage of oil products in oily rags, the use of which makes it possible to determine the hazard class of oily rags.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Pat. RF No. 2766530, G01N 21/3563, 03/16/2021.

2. Pat. RF No. 2492442, G01M 15/00, G01N 21/00, 02/21/2012 - prototype.

3. Order of Rosprirodnadzor dated May 22, 2017 No. 242 “On approval of the Federal Classification Catalog of Wastes.”

Claims (1)

A computer method for determining the percentage of the mass of petroleum products in oily rags, in which a print of the evaluated product is recorded on white paper, the resulting print is compared with standard prints, on the basis of which the indicators characterizing this product are determined, characterized in that the print of the evaluated product - oiled rags - is obtained when it is exposed to a given pressure for a set time with the possibility of transferring this pressure to the paper through a layer of rags, evenly placed on the paper and limited in height by a solid object of regular geometric shape, after receiving an imprint of the assessed rags on the paper, its appearance is recorded with the possibility of entering the received information into a computer and compare it using a computer with the appearance of reference prints, previously entered into the computer in the same way as the print of the evaluated rags, while the reference prints are obtained when the content of the mass of petroleum products in the oiled rags is 10, 15 and 25%, and for various types of rags.