RU2810741C2 - Hand tools for household and gardening work - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: hand tool (1) for household and gardening work contains a working body (3) and a handle (2) made with at least one bend and at least two holding means (4, 6 and 8) to accommodate the user's hands. The lower end part of the handle (2) is connected to the working body (3). At the upper end part of the handle (2) there is a first holding means (4). The second holding means (6) is located at the bend of the handle (2) and is located at the end of the tool (1). The first holding means (4) is located in the front half-space relative to the base line passing through the second holding means (6) and the working element (3) and is offset relative to the second holding means (6) in the direction of the working element (3) along the base straight line. The handle (2) is made with two bends in the area from the second holding means (6) to the working element (3). The first bend on the side of the working element (3) is located at a distance from the edge of the working element (3), ranging from 0.4 to 0.55 of the total length of the tool (1), measured in the direction of the base straight line.

EFFECT: increase in the rigidity of the section of the structure of a hand tool from the rear handle to the working element and, accordingly, facilitating the impact penetration of the working element into the soil, increasing the efficiency of using not only the working element in form of a fork, but also in form, for example, of a snow shovel or shovel blade, expansion of functionality of shovels, as well as a reduction in the number of bends in the considered section of the handle and, as a result, an additional increase in the manufacturability.

8 cl, 23 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hand tools for household and gardening work, mainly for removing snow, as well as sand, gravel, soil and other bulk materials, digging and loosening the soil, and weed control.

A known design of a shovel contains a working body and a handle made with two bends and with two holding means to accommodate the user’s hands, the lower end part of the handle is connected to the working body, the first holding means is located in the upper end part of the handle, and the second holding means is located near the middle parts of the handle (WO 03037061, IPC A01B 1/02, 05/08/2003).

In this shovel design, the second holding means is not raised high enough in the front side of the tool relative to the base straight line passing through the first holding means and the working element. As a result, the tilt of the user’s torso when working with a shovel is reduced slightly compared to a shovel with a straight handle.

There is also a known hand tool, for example, for snow removal, which includes a curved handle fixed in the sleeve of the working body, equipped with a protrusion for a device to facilitate work, which is made in the form of a shaped handle with a bend (Utility model patent RU 127387, IPC E01N 5/02, A01B 1/00, 04/27/2013).

For this tool, the deviation of the handle (the second means of holding) from the basic straight line passing through the end part of the handle (the first means of holding) and the working element is slightly increased, but remains insufficient for working with the tool without tilting the user’s body. In addition, this requires a welded connection of the said protrusion with the handle, which reduces the manufacturability of the tool.

There is a known design of a hand tool for loosening the soil, containing a working body and a handle made with bends and with two holding means to accommodate the user’s hands, the lower end part of the handle is connected to the working body, the first holding means (rear handle) is located in the upper end part of the handle, and the second holding means (front handle) is located at the bend of the handle in the middle part of the tool, while the second holding means is located in the front half-space relative to the base straight line passing through the first holding means and the working element, and is offset relative to the first holding means in the direction of the working element along the base line (Patent RU No. 2735421, IPC A01B 1/00, A01B 1/06, 02.11.2020, embodiment in Fig. 14 of the patent description).

Here, the deviation of the second holding means from the base straight line into the front half-space is sufficient to ensure work with the cultivator without significant tilting of the user's body.

The disadvantage of this device is the relatively low rigidity of the section of the cultivator structure from the first holding means (rear handle) to the working element, since the length of this curved section is much greater than the direct distance between the first holding means (rear handle) and the working element. As a result, the impact forces applied to the first holding means (rear handle) in the direction of the working element are largely damped and the penetration efficiency of the working element into the soil is reduced. In addition, the low rigidity of the section of the cultivator design from the first means of holding (the rear handle) to the working element for bending does not allow the effective use of the considered handle with an ergonomic arrangement of holding means as part of other hand tools, in which the force load on the working element acts primarily not in the longitudinal direction. , and in the transverse direction to the center line of the handle. Such hand tools include shovels, including snow shovels, as well as hoes, picks, hoes, rakes, etc. At the same time, the use of a handle with a height-spaced arrangement of holding means (relative to the base straight line) makes it possible to expand the functionality of a number of these tools, for example, snow shovels and shovels.

The location of the second holding means in the middle part of the tool limits the number of possible modifications of the tool when it is assembled, which reduces its functionality.

Another disadvantage of the considered garden tool is the large number of bends in the handle, which reduces the manufacturability of its manufacture.

This tool design was chosen as a prototype as it is closest to the claimed device in terms of technical essence and achieved result. It provides the ability to work with hand tools without significant tilting of the user's body due to the ergonomic arrangement of the holding means.

The objective of the invention is to increase the rigidity of the section of the structure of a hand tool from the rear handle to the working element and, accordingly, to facilitate the impact penetration of the working element into the soil, to increase the efficiency of using not only the working element in the form of a fork, but also in the form, for example, of a snow shovel or shovel blade , expanding the functionality of shovels, as well as reducing the number of bends in the section of the handle under consideration and, as a result, an additional increase in the manufacturability of its manufacture.

This task is achieved in that the hand tool, just like in the prototype, contains a working body and a handle made with at least one bend and at least two holding means to accommodate the user's hands, the lower end part of the handle is connected to the working body, in a first holding means is located at the upper end portion of the handle, and a second holding means is located at a bend in the handle.

According to the invention, the second holding means is located in the end part of the tool, while the first holding means is located in the front half-space relative to the base straight line passing through the second holding means and the working element, and is offset relative to the second holding means in the direction of the working body along the base straight line.

The essence of the proposed invention, firstly, lies in the fact that the bending point of the handle in the middle part of the tool, in which the second holding means is located, is moved to the end part of the tool. In this case, this gripping location becomes the base element through which the base line passes, whereas in the prototype this gripping location was deviated from the base straight line. Secondly, the bend of the handle at the location of the second holding means, located at the end part of the tool, is made precisely in the direction of the front half-space of the tool, and of such magnitude that the first holding means, located at the upper end part of the handle, is not only located in the front half-space , but also offset relative to the second holding means along the base line in the direction of the working body.

As a result, the first and second holding means occupy such a spatial position relative to the working body that allows the user to hold the tool and work with it practically without tilting the body when performing all or most technological operations, depending on the purpose of the hand tool. Essentially, the first and second means of restraint are swapped in space in comparison with the prototype.

As a result of the described spatial changes, the length of the section of the tool structure from the rear handle (its role is played by the second holding device) to the working body is significantly reduced, which increases the rigidity of this section of the kinematic chain. This, in turn, makes it possible to increase the efficiency of working with a hand tool as a ripper (the damping effect of the considered section of the kinematic chain is reduced) and to use the tool for other types of work, for example, as a shovel (the bending rigidity of the considered section of the kinematic chain is increased, which reduces its deflection under the influence of lateral loads, for example, the weight of material in a shovel bucket).

Placing the second holding means in the end part of the tool allows in some cases to do without it and without the auxiliary section connecting the first and second holding means, which can be implemented in modifications of prefabricated structures of hand tools made like a transformer.

In addition, the new structure of the kinematic chain of a hand tool makes it possible to reduce the number of bends of the handle (to one, compared to three in a prototype of similar equipment), which increases the manufacturability of the handle and the tool as a whole.

In fig. 1 shows a hand tool with a working body in the form of a snow shovel blade and with a handle with one bend, which forms a second holding means at the end part of the tool, and the first holding means is made in the form of a plastic handle located at the end part of the handle.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a variant of a hand tool with a working body in the form of a snow shovel blade and with a handle with two bends, one of which forms the first holding means at the free end of the handle, and the other forms the second holding means at the end of the tool.

In fig. 3 shows a variant of the hand tool in FIG. 1 with additional bending of the handle in the area from the second holding means to the working element.

In fig. 4 shows a modification of the hand tool in FIG. 3, in which the second holding means is formed by two bends of the handle.

In fig. 5 shows a variant of the hand tool in FIG. 4 with a plastic insert at the end of the tool in the form of a handle with two bends and a power jumper.

In fig. 6 shows a variant of the hand tool in FIG. 3 with linings at the locations on the handle of the second holding means and additional holding means.

In fig. 7 shows the arrangement of the hand tool in FIG. 6 in the user’s hands when working in the “scraper” mode.

In fig. 8 shows the location of the hand tool in FIG. 6 in the user's hand when working in the "drag from behind" mode.

In fig. 9 shows the arrangement of the hand tool in FIG. 6 in the user’s hands when working in the “front drag” mode.

In fig. 10 shows the location of the hand tool in FIG. 6 in the user’s hands when working in “shovel” mode.

In fig. 11 shows a variant of the hand tool of FIG. 6 with additional bending of the handle in the area from the second holding means to the working element.

In fig. 12 shows the structure of FIG. 11 with a two-part composite handle with an additional pad at the location of the additional holding device near the working element.

In fig. 13 shows a variant of the design of FIG. 12 with a three-piece composite handle.

In fig. Figure 14 roughly shows the process of introducing a snow shovel in FIG. 13 under the bottom of the car.

In fig. 15 shows the final stage of inserting the snow shovel in FIG. 13 under the bottom of the car.

In fig. 16 shows the stage of picking up snow with a snow shovel in FIG. 13 under the bottom of the car.

In fig. 17 shows the stage of capturing snow under the bottom of the car with a snow shovel in FIG. 6.

In fig. 18 shows a variant of the tool in FIG. 13 with the first constituent element reoriented.

In fig. 19 shows a version of the tool in FIG. 13 with the third component removed.

In fig. 20 shows a variant of the tool in FIG. 19 with the first component reoriented.

In fig. 21 shows a variant of the tool in FIG. 19 with the second component removed.

In fig. 22 shows a variant of the tool in FIG. 21 with the first constituent element reoriented.

In fig. 23 shows a variant of the tool in FIG. 13 with the first and third constituent elements removed.

The essence of the proposed design of a hand tool and the results achieved with its help can be further explained using various examples of its implementation. A snow shovel will be considered as a demonstration sample of the proposed hand tool, the expanded set of functions of which best illustrates the advantages of the proposed tool design.

In the process of considering the claimed hand tool, the concept of a handle will be used, which is understood as the part of the tool that is held with one hand or two hands in order to control the tool, and which is connected to the working element (an element that interacts with the working environment). In this case, the handle can be one part or an assembly unit from a number of elements. Since the handle has an oblong shape (its transverse size is smaller than the longitudinal size), the spatial arrangement of individual serially connected parts of the handle is characterized by the location of its midline. The middle line can contain straight or curved sections. In turn, a curved line is generally represented by a set of bends of different radii. The curvature of a bend (bend angle) is characterized by the angle between the tangents to the midline points at the beginning and end of the bend.

In one embodiment, a hand tool 1 consists of a handle 2, at one end of which a working element 3 in the form of a snow bucket is attached, and its other end is limited by the first holding means 4 (Fig. 1). In this case, the first holding means 4 is a V-shaped handle made of plastic, which is attached to the handle (the supporting structure of the handle). At the end part of the tool 1, one bend 5 is made with a constant radius at an angle greater than 90 degrees in the direction of the front half-plane, which forms a second means of holding 6. By the front half-plane here we mean the space lying on the other side of the plane passing through the base straight line 7 in the transverse the direction of the working body 3, in which the front part of the user’s body is facing when performing technological operations with both hands. The base straight line 7 passes through the middle of the second holding means 6 and the middle of the working element 3 and approximately corresponds to the line of static balance of the hand tool 1 in working condition (the working element 3 is filled with snow). This means that when the holding means are located on the base line 7, the sum of the moments of rotation relative to the base line 7 and, accordingly, on the user’s hands will be close to zero in the working positions of the tool 1.

As a result of the bending 5 of the handle 2 at the end part of the tool 1, its configuration has a V or U-shape formed by the load-bearing section of the handle 2 connecting the working body 3 with the second holding means 6, and the auxiliary section of the handle 2 in the front half-space with the first holding means 4 .

In the design of FIG. 1, almost the entire middle part of the straight load-bearing section of the handle 2 can represent an additional holding means 8, by which, if necessary, the tool 1 can be held by hand, for example, instead of the first holding means 4.

In general, the handle 2 here is an assembly unit consisting of a handle in the form of a metal profile, for example, of circular cross-section, and a first holding means 4 made of plastic.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a version of a hand tool 1 with two bends 5 of the handle 2. Here, in contrast to the design in FIG. 1, the first holding means 4 is formed by bending a metal pipe (a metal profile of circular cross-section) through an angle of about 90 degrees. Accordingly, all elements of the handle 2 for various purposes are made as a single unit in the form of one part.

In order for the additional holding means 8 to be located closer to the base line 7 on the handle 2 of the hand tool 1, an auxiliary bend 5 can be made in the area adjacent to the additional holding means 8 in the area from the second holding means 6 to the working body 3 (Fig. 3 ). This allows you to reduce the torque on the user's hands when throwing snow to the side, when the tool 1 is grabbed by the second holding means 6 and by the additional holding means 8. In addition, raising the additional holding means 8 relative to the base straight line 7 in the direction of the front half-plane allows you to reduce the inclination the user's body when picking up and throwing away snow.

The second holding means 6 in the structure of the tool 1 in FIG. 3 can be made not in the form of one bend 5 of the handle 2, but using, for example, two bends 5, as shown in FIG. 4.

The second holding means 6 can be made in the form of a separate element, for example, made of plastic and connected to other elements, forming a handle 2 of a given configuration (Fig. 5). The second holding means 6 here represents a handle including seats for connection with other elements of the handle 2 on either side of it. As a result, the axial line of the handle 2 has two bends 5 at the junction of the plastic handle with adjacent elements of the handle 2. In this case, the second holding means 6 can be equipped with a power jumper 9, which increases the bending strength of the second holding means 6 in the working plane of the tool 1.

The hand tool 1 may include pads 10, for example, made of rubber or other similar materials, in areas where the user's hands can be placed. Thus, for example, in the structure of FIG. 3 pads 10 can be located on the second holding means 6 and on the additional holding means 8 (Fig. 6).

The given examples of implementation of the proposed design of hand tool 1 do not exhaust all possible options for its implementation within the scope of the invention. The design can use working bodies 3 for various purposes and configurations, made of various materials, for example, steel, aluminum, plastic, etc. For example, a snow shovel can have a concave blade shape to capture a larger volume of snow and better glide in drag mode. The fastening of the handle 2 with the working body 3 can be done not only according to the “pipe in pipe” type, but also using other design solutions and methods of collapsible or non-dismountable types. The handle 2 may have a solid base, for example in the form of a pipe, bent accordingly to achieve a given configuration. Steel or aluminum and its alloys can be used as a pipe. The solid base of the handle 2 can be made of a composite material, for example, carbon fiber. The handle 2 can be made of a prefabricated structure, the elements of which can also be made of various materials using a variety of technologies. To assemble individual elements into a single assembly unit, any connection methods, both detachable and permanent, can be used. Various types of auxiliary elements can be placed on the handle 2. Additional holding means 8 may be a separate product installed on the supporting section of the handle 2 (for example, a cylindrical handle protruding to the side). The dimensions of the components of the hand tool 1 and their proportions are selected based on the purpose of the tool 1 and the ease of use of it. In prefabricated structures, it may be possible to adjust a number of basic dimensions of the hand tool 1 for individual adaptation to a particular user, for example in the form of telescopic connections.

The operation of the proposed hand tool 1 can be explained using the example of the embodiment in FIG. 6. If tool 1 is implemented in the form of a snow shovel, it can be used, for example, in the “scraper” operating mode with two hands. To do this, the user grasps the first and second holding means 4,6 with his hands and sets the handle 2 to a position in which the working element 3 will be located at an angle to the snow-covered surface, convenient for shifting the snow in front of him, as shown in FIG. 7. In this case, the user's body remains in a straight position due to the ergonomic arrangement of the first holding means 4 in comparison with the traditional straight or curved handle.

If it is necessary to transport collected snow to a collection point or to a dump, hand tool 1 can be used in the “rear drag” mode. In this case, the tool 1 is held by hand by the first holding means 4, the working element 3 is located behind the user in a position with a raised front edge, which prevents snow from rolling off it (Fig. 8). The user's body is also in an almost vertical position.

Before moving snow from the working body 3 to a collection point or dump, a “front drag” operating mode may be required, when the working body 3 with a raised leading edge moves along the ground in front of the user (Fig. 9). In this case, the arrangement of the holding means 4,6 in the hand tool 1 also ensures a minimum tilt of the user's body.

The claimed hand tool 1 can also be used in the “shovel” mode for throwing snow. In this mode, a second holding means 6 and an additional holding means 8 are used, as in conventional shovels with a straight or curved handle (Fig. 10). At the same time, the user’s body tilts in the process of collecting snow into the working body.

Therefore, in comparison with a traditional snow shovel, the claimed hand tool 1 makes it possible to reduce the tilt of the user’s body in the “scraper” operating mode with two hands and add the functions of “rear drag” and “front drag” without tilting the user’s body, which, when using shovels of traditional design, are completely inconvenient to implement.

Similarly, a hand tool 1 in the form of a shovel can be used for collecting, transporting along the ground and throwing other working media.

In order to expand the functionality of the claimed hand tool 1 in FIG. 6 in the front part of its handle 2, in the area from the second holding means 6 to the working element 3, an additional bend 5 can be made, which makes it possible to reduce the slope angle (the angle of interface of the handle 2 with the working element 3), which becomes less than the angle of interface of the base line 7 with the working element organ (Fig. 11). The distance from the edge of the working body 3 to the nearest (first) additional bend 5 can be from 0.4 to 0.55 of the total length of the hand tool 1, measured in the direction of the base line 7. The number of bends 5 of the handle 2 increases to three, which , however, there are fewer than four bends in the prototype.

To facilitate the possibility of transporting the hand tool 1 and its transformation into modifications for various purposes, it can be made dismountable and consisting, for example, of two parts, as shown in Fig. 12. Here, the handle 2 consists of a first element 11 and a second element 12, telescopically connected to each other. In this case, the first element 11 with two bends 5 is connected to the working body 3 and has an additional means of holding 8 (with a pad 10), and the second element 12 (following the first element 11 along the center line of the handle 2 from the working body 3) includes the first and second holding means 4.6 and additional holding means 8 (with pad 10).

The number of components of the handle 2 can be increased to three (Fig. 13) or more elements. Hand tool 1 in FIG. 13 includes a first (in order along the centerline of the handle 2) element 11, similar to the first element 11 in FIG. 12. The second element 13 includes additional holding means 8, and the third element 14 includes first and second holding means 4,6.

A hand tool 1 with a small bevel angle, shown, for example, in FIG. 13, can be used to clear snow under the car without tilting the user's body. To do this, the hand tool 1 is inserted with both hands of the user under the bottom of the car 15 at an acute angle of the working body 3 to the snow-covered surface, as is conventionally demonstrated in Fig. 14. At the end of the process of introducing the working body 3 under the bottom of the car 15, the angle of inclination of the working body 3 can be reduced to zero to achieve a greater penetration depth (Fig. 15). Then the hand tool 1 is tilted in the direction of raising the front edge of the working body 3 in order to separate the captured volume of snow and prevent its subsequent sliding from the working body 3 (Fig. 16). After which the working body 3 with the snow mass is removed from under the bottom of the car 15 and transported or discarded using one of the methods discussed above.

The use of hand tool 1 with a small angle of inclination provides deeper penetration under the bottom of the car 15 (Fig. 16) in comparison, for example, with the version of hand tool 1 in FIG. 6, as shown in FIG. 17. In this case, both considered design options for the hand tool 1 make it possible to perform operations of removing snow from under the bottom of the car 15 without tilting the user’s body.

Variants of hand tools 1 of a collapsible design can provide transformation of the basic configuration into varieties of tools of various configurations and with various features of use. For example, hand tool 1 in FIG. 13 can be transformed by rearranging the first element 11 into the variant of tool 1 in FIG. 18, which has two adjacent additional means of retention 8, which may be preferable when the processes of throwing snow predominate, rather than extracting it from any low-lying niches.

The variant in Fig. 19, obtained by removing part of the third element 14 in the structure of FIG. 13 may be more preferable when snow is preferentially thrown away and removed from under the car. In this case, the total length of this version of the tool 1 in Fig. 19 remains at the same length as the original tool 1 in FIG. 13, which would have been impossible to achieve with a similar transformation of the prefabricated prototype structure.

The variant in Fig. 20, obtained by rearranging the first element 11 in the structure of FIG. 19 can be useful when preferentially throwing snow away.

The variant in Fig. 21, the handle 2 of which consists only of the first element 11, can be used as a car shovel for removing snow from under a car, and its modification in FIG. 22 - for throwing snow away from the car.

A shortened version of the hand tool 1 in FIG. 23, the handle of which consists only of the second element 13, can be used when working in confined spaces.

Other options for transforming the basic design of the claimed tool 1 are possible, depending on the number and configuration of the component elements of the handle 2. For example, variants of the basic tool 1 may contain only a second and additional means of retention 6.8 in its composition.

Thus, the proposed design of the hand tool 1 makes it possible to reduce the length of the section of the handle 2 from the rear handle (the second means of holding 6) to the working body 3, which increases its rigidity and allows for more efficient use of tools with a working body in the form of a fork, as well as tools with working organs 3 that create a bending load on the handle 2, such as shovels, hoes, rakes. At the same time, in the process of working with tool 1, it remains possible to change its angle of inclination to the horizon in a wide range without tilting the user’s body. As a result, when using shovel blades as a working body 3, new properties of the tool 1 appear and it becomes possible to expand the range of functions performed without tilting the user’s body. Reducing the number of bends of the handle 2 in the claimed hand tool 1 helps to improve the manufacturability of its manufacture.

Claims (8)

1. A hand tool for household and gardening work, containing a working body and a handle made with at least one bend and at least two holding means to accommodate the user’s hands, the lower end part of the handle is connected to the working body, at the upper end part of the handle, the first holding means is located, and the second holding means is located at the bend of the handle, characterized in that the second holding means is located in the end part of the tool, while the first holding means is located in the front half-space relative to the base straight line passing through the second holding means and the working body, and is offset relative to the second holding means in the direction of the working body along the base line, and the handle is made with two bends in the area from the second holding means to the working body, and the first bend on the side of the working body is located at a distance from the edge of the working body, ranging from 0 .4 to 0.55 of the total tool length measured in the direction of the reference straight line. 2. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the second holding means is made in the form of a curved metal profile of circular cross-section with a bending angle greater than 90 degrees. 3. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the second holding means is made of plastic and includes seats for connection with the handle elements on both sides of it. 4. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the first holding means is made in the form of a V-shaped handle made of plastic. 5. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the first holding means is made in the form of a curved metal profile of circular cross-section. 6. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle is made of two elements connected in series. 7. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the handle is made of three elements connected in series. 8. The tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the working element is made in the form of a bucket for a snow shovel.