RU2809781C1 - Device for evacuating wounded person from battlefield - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rescue equipment.

SUBSTANCE: device for evacuating a wounded person from the battlefield contains bars, a mattress between them, and wheels. In this case, the mattress is inflatable. There are built-in air pumps, the cylinders of which are the hollow bars of the stretcher. The wheels are made with a displaced horizontal axis of rotation of the wheels relative to the vertical rotary axis-rod of the wheel fork and are installed on the ends of the bars. The front part of the bars is equipped with a strap. The device is equipped with skid shoes.

EFFECT: ability to transport a wounded person over rough terrain.

1 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means of rescue and can be used to evacuate a wounded person from the battlefield by improving the standard sanitary stretcher.

Background to the invention. One of the means of evacuating the wounded from the battlefield is a standard sanitary stretcher (GOST 16940-89, type 2) [1], intended for carrying and transporting the sick and wounded, shown in figure 1(a, b).

Figure 1(a) shows a top view of the stretcher with the following symbols:

1 - canvas;

2 - bars;

3 - handles with tips

Figure 1(b) shows the bottom view of the stretcher with the following symbols:

4 - spacers;

5 - legs (dismantled when improving the stretcher)

Evacuation of a wounded person from the battlefield using these stretchers is carried out by two orderly riflemen carrying them in their arms, which is associated with a number of disadvantages:

the entire weight load of the stretcher with the wounded falls on the orderlies moving with the load (on foot or running), leading them to rapid fatigue and a decrease in the speed of movement, increasing the time of delivery of the wounded to the place of receiving qualified medical care and thereby increasing the risk of a fatal outcome;

the movement of riflemen-medics with a wounded man on a stretcher is carried out in a height position, which increases the risk of them being hit by the enemy;

the use of weapons by orderly riflemen is impossible in conditions when their hands are busy carrying stretchers;

the impossibility of crossing stretchers across small water obstacles without the use of floating means;

the absence of a damper pad under the wounded person, protecting his body from below from mechanical influences and cold, as well as from shaking during transportation in a vehicle.

These circumstances, confirmed by the practice of evacuating the wounded from the battlefield, require the development of a simple and effective technical solution that eliminates these shortcomings through a simple and cheap improvement of standard sanitary stretchers, increasing the safety of people and the efficiency of evacuation actions. The technical result of the proposed invention is the improvement of standard sanitary stretchers through the use of a set of technical solutions that eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above. A known stretcher with wheels “med-mos ydc-1f2 (sp-17.2)” [2], shown in figure 2.

These stretchers are designed for rolling on a flat and hard surface. Their design features do not allow them to roll over rough terrain. In addition, this stretcher does not have a damping pad. These stretchers have all the above disadvantages.

A known folding chair stretcher “med-mos ydc-lal2 (sp-4)” [3], shown in figure 3.

These stretchers are designed for rolling on a flat and hard surface. Their design features do not allow them to roll over rough terrain. In addition, this stretcher does not have a damping pad. These stretchers have all the above disadvantages.

The closest to the proposed invention in its technical essence are standard sanitary stretchers (GOST 16940-89, type 2) [1]. shown in figure 1(a, b). The design of these stretchers is most suitable for achieving the technical result of the proposed invention due to their simple and cheap improvement.

The essence of this improvement is to install special wheels (skis) at the ends of the stretcher bars and an inflatable mattress (damper pad) to move the stretcher by rolling (sliding) over rough terrain, consisting of several air-independent chambers connected by flexible tubes to the bars, inflated by air pumps , the cylinders of which are the hollow bars of the stretcher.

Figure 4 shows a general view of an improved standard sanitary stretcher with the following symbols:

6 - strap with cable and carabiner;

7 - wheel (4 wheels) of a larger diameter than analogues with a displaced horizontal axis of rotation relative to the vertical rotary axis of the fork rod;

8 - hollow bars;

9 - independent air chambers of the air mattress;

10 - covers screwed onto the ends of the bars, serving as handles for piston air pumps that pump air into the air chambers of the air mattress. The cylinders of these air pumps are hollow bars.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of a wheel with a displaced horizontal axis of rotation relative to the vertical rotary axis-rod of the fork with the following symbols:

11 - rod (vertical rotary axis);

12 - horizontal axis of rotation, offset relative to the vertical rotary axis of the fork rod;

13 - displacement of axes;

14 - ski - a shoe used for sliding on snow (ice), as well as to prevent the wheel from rolling;

15 - anti-recoil stop in the cavity of the ski-shoe, preventing the wheel from rolling. The wheel is located in the “saddle” between the runners and the wheel chock;

16 - a nut that blocks the rotation of the vertical rotary axis of the wheel when using a ski shoe.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of a piston air pump that pumps air into the air chambers of an air mattress, with the following symbols:

9 - fragment of the air chamber of an air mattress;

17 - nipple;

18 - rod with piston;

8 - hollow beam (used as a pump cylinder);

10 - a cover screwed onto the end of the beam, which is the handle of a piston air pump that pumps air into one part of the air chambers of the air mattress. A similar pump is located on another beam, pumping air into another part of the air chambers.

The device is used as follows: The stretcher, which was in a folded state, is unfolded with the spacers secured. The handles of piston air pumps are unscrewed from the ends of the bars, and the pumps pump air into the air chambers of the mattress, connected by flexible tubes to the cylinder bars. One pump fills one part of the mattress chambers with air (half of the total number of chambers), another pump fills the other part of the mattress chambers. Thanks to the nipple of the chambers, the air pumped into them does not leak out. Once the chambers are filled with air, the pump handles are screwed back onto the ends of the beams. Place the wounded person on the mattress of the stretcher, secure the body with belts (straps) from falling (sliding) off the stretcher. The wounded person is transported in one of two ways:

The first method is towing a stretcher by rolling four wheels along the ground surface by a medical orderly-shooter using a strap and a cable with a carabiner, crawling (figure 7) or in a standing position on foot or dashing with the possibility of using weapons;

The second method is to move the rifleman in a height position on foot or by running, when the wheels of the rear part of the bars are used to roll the stretcher, and the front part of the bars is suspended with a strap on the body (figure 8) or two straps on the shoulders of the rifleman. In this case, it is possible for the gunner to use weapons, as well as for the wounded.

To slide the stretcher over the snow (ice) in the first and second methods of transporting the wounded, skis are used - boots.

If it is impossible to roll the stretcher along the surface of the ground, they are carried in the usual way - on the hands of two orderly riflemen.

The crossing of a stretcher with a wounded person through small water obstacles without the use of floating means is carried out by keeping the stretcher afloat with an inflatable mattress (Figure 9).

When transporting a wounded person in an ambulance on a stretcher proposed in the present invention, with its wheels placed on the floor of the vehicle, the wheels are placed on ski boots that prevent them from rolling.

The proposed stretchers can also be used to deliver ammunition, food, medicine and other necessary items to positions using the methods described above.

The stretcher is folded longitudinally after its use, having previously removed air from the mattress chambers through the plugs provided for this purpose.

Information sources

1. ohranatruda.ru>upload/iblock/b59/4294835680.pdf

2. https://www.healius.ru/nosilki_medicinskie/med-moc/med_mos_ydc_lf2_sp_17_2.product

3. https://www.healius.ru/nosilki_medicinskie/med-moc/ydc-lal2-sp-4.product

Claims (1)

A device for evacuating a wounded person from the battlefield, containing bars, a mattress between them and wheels, characterized in that the mattress is made inflatable, consists of air-independent chambers connected by flexible tubes to air pumps, the cylinders of which are the hollow bars of the stretcher, pistons with a nipple are installed inside these cylinders and with rods that are connected to covers that are pump handles, screwed onto the ends, the wheels are made with a displaced horizontal axis of rotation of the wheels relative to the vertical rotary axis of the wheel fork rod and are installed on the ends of the bars, and the front part of the bars is equipped with a strap, while the device is equipped with skis - shoes.