RU2807493C1 - Small unmanned aircraft with capability of movement over the earth's surface - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: unmanned aerial vehicle.

SUBSTANCE: small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth contains a power frame consisting of two lower plates, an upper plate, two front pillars connecting the upper and lower plates, two front beams, a rear pillar, two rear beams, fixed in a certain way. At the end of each front beam, a sustainer electric motor is mounted on top to rotate the aircraft propeller, and at the bottom, using an angle, there is a traction electric motor, on the axis of which a tire is mounted, forming the front wheels for movement on the surface of the earth. At the end of the lower rear beam, with the help of a bracket, a bracket bearing, a fork, and an axle, a rear wheel is fixed, including a wheel bearing, a disk, and a tire. The top plate contains a controller, speed controllers for sustainer electric motors, a speed controller for traction motors, a receiver, and a mount for a device for capturing and transmitting video images. The battery is fixed in the cavity of the power frame.

EFFECT: functionality of the unmanned aerial vehicle is expanded by providing the ability to move on earth.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of aircraft, more specifically to the field of multicopters and the field of ground-based unmanned vehicles capable of moving in air and ground environments.

A three-medium vehicle is known, which contains a pilot's cabin and a passenger cabin, a rear propeller-engine unit, retractable front and rear landing gear wheels, folding into the right and left wing planes with a tail section using cable mechanisms to form a ground vehicle. The main landing gear is located in the center of the fuselage and consists of two retractable legs with pairs of wheels. The wing planes are equipped with front and rear struts, propeller units located in front of the central sections of the wing on elongated brackets and capable of taking a horizontal or vertical position. The two-keel tail part on the sides on rotating brackets has a propeller-motor installation, made with the ability to take a vertical or horizontal position. Provides the ability to travel on ground, water and air with vertical take-off and landing, as well as on roads and territories of populated areas [RF patent No. 2743310, B60F 5/02, publ. 02/17/2021].

The disadvantages of the analogue are its high weight due to the large number of drive wheels, low reliability due to the high degree of mechanization of the tail section and a pair of retractable wheels, as well as the need for a pilot to be on board the vehicle.

A known autoplane contains a body, an engine, a control device and a chassis. In the upper and lower parts of the housing there are upper and lower boxes, inside of which screw impellers with mutually opposite rotation are located. At least one row of wings with an adjustable angle of attack is installed along the perimeter of the boxes. The upper and lower boxes are connected to each other by a Laval nozzle. In another embodiment, the housing contains a box, inside of which there are at least three impellers, with the lower impeller rotating in the opposite direction from the others. Along the perimeter of the box there are at least three rows of wings with an adjustable angle of attack [patent No. 2746285, B60F 5/02, publ. 10/19/2020].

The disadvantages of the analogue are low reliability due to a high degree of mechanization, high weight due to the presence of a main rotor gearbox, an internal combustion engine, a gearbox, as well as insufficient dynamics limited by the characteristics of the internal combustion engine, as well as the need for a pilot to be on board the vehicle.

An airplane (flying car) is known, containing single or coaxial rotors in a ring, gas turbine engines rotating the rotors, an electric motor necessary for moving on the ground, a hybrid control system, and electric generators. The main rotors are located at the front and rear of the hull. The rotors are covered with blinds that are installed perpendicular to the cabin. The aircraft also contains a control system and a rotor control system. The rotors contain swashplates, electric drives, electronic devices built into electric drives, an on-board computer, gearboxes, and gas turbine engines. The main rotors have corresponding flaps for moving back and forth, left and right. The aircraft contains boosters for forward flight, made in the form of propellers in a ring and compact jet engines. Provides the ability to move in the air and on the ground, vertical take-off, and reduced fuel consumption [patent No. 2662600, B60F 5/02, publ. 07/26/2018].

The disadvantages of the analogue are high weight and dimensions, low reliability, due to the presence of three types of engines and three types of energy sources simultaneously.

An all-terrain transport robot is known, containing a self-propelled chassis, at least with a land propulsion unit and a supporting body, a solar battery formed by a cup-shaped element with a concave surface lined with photovoltaic elements, and rotatably relative to the supporting body mounted on the supporting body above its level, as well as a system control powered by a buffer electric battery. The robot is made amphibious with positive buoyancy, with a waterproof chassis and a calculated waterline at the level of the cup-shaped element of the solar battery below its upper edge, that is, using part of the volume of the solar battery. The possibility of robot buoyancy while maintaining performance is achieved [patent No. 2615808, B60F 3/00, B60K 16/00, publ. 04/11/2017].

The disadvantages of the analogue are the lack of a flight function and large dimensions due to the large volume of the transport robot required to ensure operation in surface mode.

A hybrid aeronautical vehicle is known, designed for off-road, water and air travel, which includes an electric vehicle with all-terrain wheels, a quadcopter and gas tanks that create lifting force together with the quadcopter's aircraft propulsors. Gas containers are made in the form of bellows that change the volume of gas using tension devices. The bottom of the electric vehicle is made in the shape of the bottom of a waterfowl, which improves the movement of the vehicle through the water. At the bottom of the electric vehicle there are reserve gas tanks of excess pressure. The wheels of the electric car have an aluminum rim and disc, as well as tires filled with light gas. The invention is aimed at expanding the arsenal of technical means [RF patent No. 2752039, B60F 5/02, B64B 1/06, B64B 1/68, publ. 10/01/2019].

The disadvantages of the analogue are the need for a pilot to be on board the device and low flight safety due to flight support through the use of gas containers.

The objective and technical result of the invention is to expand the functionality of an unmanned aerial vehicle by providing the ability to move overland without a pilot on board the vehicle, as well as reducing the size of the aircraft.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth contains a power frame consisting of two lower plates, an upper plate, two front struts connecting the upper and lower plates, two front beams, a rear strut, two rear beams, with two front beams and a lower beam fixed between two lower plates, the upper rear beam fixed to the upper plate;

At the end of each front beam, a sustainer electric motor is attached to the top for rotating the aircraft propeller, and from below, using an angle, a traction electric motor is mounted on the axis of which a tire is mounted, forming the front wheels for moving on the surface of the earth, at the end of the lower rear beam using a bracket, bracket bearing, fork , the axle is fixed to the rear wheel, including a wheel bearing, disk, tire;

the controller is mounted on the top plate, as well as the speed controllers of the propulsion electric motors, the speed controller of the traction electric motors, the receiver, which are electrically connected to it, and the mount for the device for capturing and transmitting video images is mounted on the top plate;

A battery is fixed in the cavity of the power frame and is electrically connected to the controller.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth in general form, in Fig. 2 shows the front drive unit of a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle, with the ability to move along the surface of the earth; FIG. Figure 3 shows the mechanism of the rear freely rotating wheel of a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth.

A small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth consists of three tires 1, four aircraft propellers 2, two lower plates 3, two front beams 4, four propulsion motors 5, two rear beams 6, two front struts 7, a rear strut 8, top plate 9, two corners 10, two traction motors 11, rear bracket 12, bracket bearing 13, fork 14, disk 15, two wheel bearings 16, axle 17, controller 18, speed controller for propulsion electric motors 19, two speed controllers for traction motors 20 , video recording and transmission device 21, mount 22, battery 23, receiver 24.

Between the two lower plates 3, two front beams 4 are fixed using threaded connections. Between the two lower plates 3 the lower rear beam 6 is fixed using threaded connections. The two front posts 7 are attached to the lower plates 3 using a threaded connection. The rear pillar 8 is attached to the lower plates 3 using a threaded connection. The rear beam 6 is secured between the top plate 9 and the rear post 8 using threaded connections. The top plate 9 is attached to the two front posts 7 using threaded connections. Two lower plates 3, two front pillars 7, rear pillar 8, two front beams 4, two rear beams 6, top plate 9 together form the power frame of a small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth. The lower plates 3, the upper plate 9, the front beams 4, the rear beams 6 can be made of metal, plastic, composite material or fiberglass. The front pillars 7, the rear pillar 8 and the corners 10 can be made of metal, plastic, composite material or fiberglass.

Angle 10 and propulsion motor 5 are installed on the front beam 4 using threaded connections. One main electric motor 5 and one corner 10 are attached to one front beam 4. The aircraft propeller 2 is attached to the main electric motor 5 using a threaded connection or due to an interference fit. Aircraft propellers 2 can be made of plastic or composite material. A traction motor 11 is attached to the corner 10 using threaded connections. The tire 1 is secured to the traction motor 11 by means of an interference fit connection. Tires 1 are made of soft plastic or rubber.

The rear bracket 12 is attached to the rear beam 6 using a threaded connection. The bracket bearing 13 is attached to the rear bracket 12 using an interference fit. A fork 14 is attached to the bracket bearing 13 using a threaded connection. Disc 15 is attached to fork 14 via axle 17 using a threaded connection. The axle 17 is connected to the fork 14 by an interference fit, a threaded connection or an adhesive connection. Two wheel bearings 16 are attached to the disk 15 using an interference fit. Tire 1 is attached to disk 15 using an interference fit connection. Disc 15, tire 1 and wheel bearings 16 together form the rear wheel. The rear bracket 12, fork 14, disc 15 and axle 17 can be made of metal, plastic or composite material.

The controller 18 is attached to the top plate 9 using a threaded connection. The controller 18 is electrically connected to the speed controllers of the main electric motors 19. The speed controller of the main electric motors 19 is connected to the power frame using a threaded or adhesive connection and is electrically connected to the main electric motors 5. The speed controllers of the traction electric motors 20 are electrically connected to the controller 18. The speed controllers of the traction electric motors 20 electrically connected to the traction motors 11. The speed controllers of the traction motors 20 are attached to the load frame using a threaded or adhesive connection. Mount 22 is attached to the power frame. The mount 22 may be made of plastic or composite material. The device for capturing and transmitting video images 21 is fixed in the mount 22 and is electrically connected to the controller 18. The battery 23 is installed in the cavity of the power frame. The battery 23 is electrically connected to the controller 18, to the speed controller of the propulsion electric motors 19 and the speed controllers of the traction motors 20. The receiver 24 is attached to the top plate 9 using an adhesive or threaded connection. The receiver 24 is electrically connected to the controller 18. To protect the equipment of a small unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move on the surface of the earth, a protective housing made of plastic or composite material can be attached to the power frame using a threaded connection or an interference fit.

A small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle, with the ability to move along the surface of the earth, operates in flight mode as follows. From the operator's control panel, control signals are supplied to the receiver 24, generated depending on the desired direction and flight speed. The receiver 24 receives control signals and transmits them to the controller 18. The controller 18 receives information from the receiver 24, processes, converts and transmits the signal to the speed controllers of the main electric motors 19, depending on the desired direction and speed of flight. The input of the speed controllers of the main electric motors 19 is supplied with a constant voltage from the battery 23. The speed controllers of the main electric motors 19 supply an alternating three-phase voltage to the main electric motors 5, as a result of which the aircraft propellers 2 rotate at the required speed for the flight, in the required direction at the required speed. From the controller 18, which has built-in step-down voltage stabilizers, a constant voltage is supplied to the device for capturing and transmitting video images 21. From the controller 18, telemetry data can be transmitted to the device for capturing and transmitting video images, which can be superimposed on the image transmitted by the device for capturing and transmitting video images 21. The video capture and transmission device 21 transmits the image or image with telemetry data superimposed thereon to peripheral equipment on which the video image is displayed for the operator.

A small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth in ground mode functions as follows. From the operator's control panel, control signals are supplied to the receiver 24, generated depending on the desired direction and speed of ground movement. The receiver 24 receives control signals and transmits them to the controller 18. The controller 18 receives information from the receiver 24, processes, converts and transmits the signal to the speed controllers of the traction motors 20, depending on the desired direction and speed of ground movement. The input of the speed controllers of the traction motors 20 is supplied with a constant voltage from the battery 23. The speed regulators of the traction motors 20 supply an alternating three-phase voltage to the traction motors 11, as a result of which the tires 1 rotate at the required speed to carry out ground movement in the required direction at the required speed. The rear wheel rotates freely due to the fork 14 mechanically fixed in the bearing 13 of the fork. From the controller 18, which has built-in step-down voltage stabilizers, a constant voltage is supplied to the device for capturing and transmitting video images 21. From the controller 18 to the device for capturing and transmitting video images can be transmitted telemetry data that can be superimposed on the image transmitted by the video capture and transmission device 21. The video capture and transmission device 21 transmits the image or an image with superimposed telemetry data to peripheral equipment on which the video image is displayed to the operator.

Thus, the claimed invention allows for movement in two environments through the use of nodes on an unmanned aerial vehicle for ground movement.

Claims (4)

A small-sized unmanned aerial vehicle with the ability to move along the surface of the earth, containing a power frame consisting of two lower plates, an upper plate, two front pillars connecting the upper and lower plates, two front beams, a rear pillar, two rear beams, and two front beams and the lower beam is fixed between two lower plates, the upper rear beam is fixed to the upper plate; At the end of each front beam, a sustainer electric motor is attached to the top for rotating the aircraft propeller, and from below, using an angle, a traction electric motor is mounted on the axis of which a tire is mounted, forming the front wheels for moving on the surface of the earth, at the end of the lower rear beam using a bracket, bracket bearing, fork , the axle is fixed to the rear wheel, including a wheel bearing, disk, tire; the controller is mounted on the top plate, as well as the speed controllers of the propulsion electric motors, the speed controller of the traction electric motors, the receiver, which are electrically connected to it, and the mount for the device for capturing and transmitting video images is mounted on the top plate; A battery is fixed in the cavity of the power frame and is electrically connected to the controller.