RU2807434C1 - Method for recording value of maximum acceleration of studied block of object upon impact with rigid obstacle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: measurement technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns a method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the block under study. The method includes recording the movement of the block under study by recording with a video camera the position of the optical marker element located on the block under study and obtaining the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t)₁ acting on the block under study. At the same time, the acceleration acting on the block under study is recorded with an accelerometer installed on the block under study or on a block rigidly attached to the block under study, and a second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t)₂ is formed. In addition, the maximum acceleration a(t)_2max affecting the block under study is recorded. Next, the time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t)₂ is transformed using boundary conditions in the form of coordinates of characteristic points on the ascending branch and descending branch of the acceleration graph a(t)₁. As a result, an approximate second time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t)₂ is formed, allowing to register the value of the maximum acceleration a'_2max.

EFFECT: increasing the accuracy of recording the maximum acceleration value.

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Description

The proposed method relates to measuring technology and can be used to record the maximum value of acceleration upon impact of moving objects, for example, various vehicles, objects of aviation and also rocket and space technology upon impact with a rigid obstacle, in particular, during laboratory and bench tests, and also in extreme conditions during emergency situations.

The “Method for measuring linear displacements” is known (patent No. 2515339). The method consists in forming a flux of light radiation supplied to the surface of the object under study, recording the reflected light at a fixed point, followed by recording linear movements.

There is a known method for recording the acceleration value of an object during a fall, according to which the current acceleration of the object is recorded by an acceleration sensor, and then the maximum acceleration value of the object is calculated using known analytical expressions (“Methods for testing products and equipment. Formation of shock pulses according to specified response spectra for testing equipment” / E.A. Kanunnikova, N.A. Krasova, I.A. Meshikhin // Issues of electromechanics. Proceedings of the NGSh FSUE "NII VNIIEM". - M.: Mashinostroenie. 2012. - T. 130.-P.33 - 38).

The disadvantage of the known method is the low registration accuracy, since the known method is based on the use of a mechanical sensitive element in the recording system, which has a certain mass, and therefore a certain inertia. This feature of inertial registration methods allows only with a certain degree of accuracy to register high-speed processes occurring during high-speed impact phenomena (see G.S. Batuev, Yu.V. Golubkov, A.K. Efremov, A.A. Fedosov. Engineering methods for studying impact processes M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1977).

Optical methods for recording high-speed processes occurring during high-speed impact phenomena do not have this disadvantage.

There is a known method of optical registration of time-varying fast processes “Method of optical registration” (RF patent 2321876), according to which a process is measured over time by means of frame-by-frame recording with a digital video camera with a CCD matrix, obtaining the time dependence of at least one kinematic characteristic of the process under study . This method allows for optical registration of the value of the current movement of a moving object upon collision with a rigid obstacle by means of frame-by-frame shooting with a digital video camera with a CCD matrix, followed by obtaining the time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t).

However, the above method does not allow recording the maximum acceleration value when a moving object collides with a rigid obstacle, since this refers to the technique of photographic recording of single, time-varying, predominantly fast processes (combustion, detonation, shock waves, etc.) on a photosensitive carrier.

Of the known ones, the closest in technical essence is the patent US 2018096485 A1 (CARL ZEISS INDUSTRIELLE MESSTECHNIK GMBH) 04/05/2018, according to which a method is given for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the test block located in a moving object upon impact with a rigid obstacle, which consists in the fact that by optically recording the value of the current movement of the optical block under study when an object collides with a rigid barrier, followed by obtaining the time dependence of the change in acceleration acting on the optical block under study located on the object. A measuring system containing a system of several video cameras and a number of optical marker elements for the purpose of identifying them and determining the spatial position of the optical block with subsequent recording of the value of the current movement of the object.

However, this method does not allow recording the exact value of the maximum acceleration when a moving object collides with a rigid obstacle, and especially in those cases when the collision speed of a moving object with a rigid obstacle ranges from 12 m/s to 35 m/s, and in some cases up to 50 m/s or more, since the collision process is tenths of milliseconds, and the collision process is recorded discretely, then even with very small values of discreteness there is a probability of an event when the moment the acceleration reaches its maximum value occurs at a time between two adjacent discrete events.

The technical result of the proposed method is to increase the accuracy of recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the block under study when a moving object collides with a rigid obstacle.

The essence of the proposed method according to the first option is to optically register the value of the current movement of the block under study, by recording in time with a video camera the position of the optical marker element located on the block under study, by identifying the reflected optical radiation from the optical radiation flux former, followed by obtaining it using a digital processor assessment of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ acting on the studied block B1 located on the object.

According to the present invention, according to the first option, optical registration of the value of the current movement of the test block equipped with an optical marker element is carried out through frame-by-frame shooting with a digital video camera with a CCD matrix, at the same time, the acceleration acting on the test block B1 located on the object is additionally recorded in time by an accelerometer mounted on on the studied block B1 or on block B2, structurally rigidly fixed to the studied block B1, a second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ is formed, while the value of the maximum acceleration a(t) _2max acting on the block under study is recorded.

Next, using the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ , the time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 is recorded, and the reference values of acceleration on the ascending and descending branches of the acceleration graph a _{r2- 1} and a _r2-21 are set equal to the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ .

Then, first of all, the second time dependence of the acceleration change is converted. a(t) ₂ , assigning the time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r2-1 and the descending branch a _r2-21 to the first time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence changes in acceleration a(t) ₁ , and the reference values are set in the range from 10 to 15% of the recorded value of the maximum acceleration of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) _{2 max} .

And then, secondly, they approximate the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ , using boundary conditions in the form of coordinates of characteristic points on the ascending branch and descending branch of the acceleration graph a(t) ₁ and based on the condition of equality of areas A ₁ and And ₂ figures, limited by the time dependence of the change in acceleration, respectively, the first dependence a(t) ₁ and the second dependence a(t) ₂ , within the reference values of acceleration on the ascending and descending branches a _r1-1 , a _{r 1-21} , a _{r 2-1} , a _{r 2-21} and the corresponding values of the time to reach the reference acceleration values, respectively, t _r1-1 , t _r1-21 , t _r2-1 , t _r2-21 : as a result, an approximate second time dependence of the acceleration change is formed a'(t) ₂ which is used to determine the value of the maximum acceleration a' _{2 max} acting on the block B1 under study when an object collides with a rigid obstacle.

The proposed method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on a non-deformable block B ₁ under study located in a moving object upon collision with a rigid barrier according to the first option is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a graph of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 acting on the block B1 under study, recorded by the optical method, as well as a graph of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2, recorded by the accelerometer.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a graph of the approximated second time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t) ₂ 3.

The proposed method of recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the studied block B ₁ , located in a moving object upon impact with a rigid obstacle, is implemented using a device containing only the studied block B1 (Fig. 3) or a device containing the studied block B1 and block B2, structurally rigidly fixed to the studied block B1 (Fig. 4).

A device that implements a method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the test block B ₁ located in a moving object upon impact with a rigid barrier according to the first option contains in the general case (Fig. 4):

4 - digital video camera with a CCD matrix;

5 - optical radiation flux shaper; with optical focusing system and adjustment device;

6 - optical marker element;

7 - starting pulse shaper;

8 - reference pulse generator;

9 - time interval recorder;

10 - accelerometer;

11 - digital processor equipped with devices for storing and processing information, display and output;

12 - digital control unit;

13 - power supply;

14 - study block B ₁

15 - moving object;

16 - fragment of a rigid barrier, simulating a real rigid barrier during physical modeling;

17 - block B ₂ structurally rigidly fixed to the block B ₁ under study.

The method is carried out as follows.

Initially, the optical marker element 6 is installed on the test block B ₁ 14 or on the block B ₂ 17, which is structurally rigidly attached to the test block B1 14.

Next, adjustment is performed in a static mode, in which the collision of the object 15 with a fragment of a rigid barrier 16, a digital video camera with a CCD matrix 4, is simulated, relative to the optical marker element 6 on the test block B ₁ 14, so that in the above position of the object 15 the optical The radiation from the optical radiation flow former 5 entered the initial recording element of the CCD matrix of the high-speed digital video camera 4.

If the test block 14, located on a moving object 15, is covered by a structural shell, first of all, the object is dismantled, and then the optical marker element 6 is installed.

Next, an accelerometer 10 is installed in order to record the acceleration acting on the block B ₁ 14 under study or on block B ₂ 17, which is structurally rigidly attached to the block B ₁ 14 under study.

The accelerometer 10 is installed in such a way that, first of all, the longitudinal axis of the sensitivity of the accelerometer coincides with the direction of the velocity vector of a moving object 15 upon impact with a rigid obstacle 16. Secondly, the fastening of the accelerometer 10 to the test block B ₁ 14 or to block B ₂ 17, structurally rigidly attached to the test block B ₁ 14 should provide a standardized preload force.

Afterwards, they begin laboratory or bench tests in order to register the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the test block B ₁ 14, located on a moving object 15 upon collision with a rigid obstacle 16,

Registration of the value of the maximum acceleration consists in optically registering the value of the current movement of the studied block 14, by fixing in time with a video camera 4 the position of the optical marker element 6 located on the studied block B ₁ by identifying the reflected optical radiation from the optical radiation flux shaper 5, followed by obtaining using digital processor 11 to estimate the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 acting on the studied block B ₁ 14 located at object 15.

The process of formation using a digital processor 11 and known algorithms for estimating the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 occurs as follows. At the moment of collision of an object 15 with a rigid barrier 16, the flow of optical radiation reflected from the optical marker element 6 affects the initial recording element of the CCD matrix 4, while the start pulse shaper 7 starts the reference pulse generator 8, and the digital processor 11 is brought into active mode. mode.

Next, proceed to the subsequent formation using a digital processor 11 and known algorithms for estimating the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 in the range from 0 to t _{1 beats} - the end time of the recorded collision process acting on the studied block B ₁ 14, and precisely within the duration of impact interaction with a rigid barrier - τ _{1 beats} .

As a result of the above procedures, using a digital processor 11 and a time interval recorder 9, a dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 acting on the studied block B ₁ 14 located in the object 15 is formed when a moving object collides with a rigid obstacle 16.

At the same time, the digital processor 11, equipped with separate elements for storing and processing information, indication and output, provides operational visual tracking of the processes occurring when registering the current acceleration acting on the unit under study B ₁ 14, as well as the formation of packages with digital information transmitted via the appropriate interfaces to .

In this case, the digital control unit 12 provides the necessary operational control of the processes accompanying the registration of the current acceleration acting on the unit 14 under study, as well as the formation of start commands.

At the same time, the power source 13 provides the required voltage to all energy-consuming elements of the device.

Simultaneously with the formation process, using a digital processor 11 and known algorithms for estimating the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1, the acceleration acting on the test block B ₁ 14 located on the object by an accelerometer 10 installed on the test block B ₁ is additionally recorded in time 14 or on block B ₂ 17, structurally rigidly attached to the block B ₁ 14 under study, and form the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2.

In this case, the value of the maximum acceleration of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) _{2 max} affecting the studied block B ₁ 14 is recorded.

Then, using the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ , the time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 is recorded, and the reference values of acceleration on the ascending and descending branches of the acceleration graph a _{r2- 1} and a _r2-21 are set equal to the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ .

Next, first of all, transform the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2, assigning the time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r2-1 and the descending branch a _r2-21 to the first time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1, moreover, the reference values are set in the range from 10 to 15% of the recorded maximum acceleration value of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) _{2 max} .

And then, secondly, they approximate the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ , using boundary conditions in the form of coordinates of characteristic points on the ascending branch and descending branch of the acceleration graph a(t) ₁ 1 and based on the condition of equality of areas A ₁ and A ₂ figures, limited by the time dependence of the change in acceleration, respectively, the first dependence a(t) ₁ 1 and the second dependence a(t) ₂ 2, within the reference values of acceleration on the ascending and descending branches a _r1-1 , a _{r 1- 21} , a _{r 2-1} , a _{r 2-21} and the corresponding values of the time to reach the reference acceleration values, respectively, t _r1-1 , t _r1-21 , t _r2-1 , t _r2-21 : as a result, an approximate second time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t) ₂ 3, which is used to determine the value of the maximum acceleration a' _{2 max} acting on the studied block B ₁ 14 when an object collides with a rigid barrier.

The essence of the proposed method according to the second option is that blocks B1 and B2 are made non-deformable and the areas of the figures limited by the first dependence a(t) ₁ and the second dependence a(t) ₂ by the time dependence of the change in acceleration are determined, respectively, as

.

The essence of the proposed method according to the third option is that if the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ is recorded by an accelerometer mounted on a non-deformable block B ₂ , structurally rigidly fixed to the non-deformable block B ₁ under study, the distance L between the center accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on the block ~B _X is selected based on the condition

L=(0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 ⋅ λ _ox ,

where 1/4 ⋅ λ _wave - 1/4 the length of the sound wave in the object material;

λwave= _sound / _ƒprev ,

where ƒ _limit is the limiting value of the accelerometer operating frequency;

c _sound - the value of the speed of sound in the material of block B ₁ .

The essence of the proposed method according to the fourth option is that blocks B ₁ and B ₂ are made deformable and the registration of the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the deformable block B ₁ under study in a specific section is carried out by placing an optical marker element in such a way that the center of the optical marker element coincides with the specified specific section.

In this case, the time shift Δa ₂ of the second shifted time dependence of acceleration a(t) ₂ recorded by the accelerometer relative to the first time dependence a(t) ₁ is additionally recorded, due to the elastic deformation of the studied deformable block B ₁ , as well as in the case of using an auxiliary deformable block B ₂ , and its elastic deformation, and the distance L between the center of the accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on block B ₁ is selected based on the condition

(0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 λ _ox >L>(0.6…0.95) ⋅ ν _{sod max} ⋅ Δτ _beat ,

where 1/4 ⋅ λ _wave - 1/4 the length of the sound wave in the object material;

λ _vol = with _sound / ƒ _before ,

where ƒ _limit is the limiting value of the accelerometer operating frequency;

с _sound - the value of the speed of sound in the material of block B ₁ ;

ν _{soud max} - the value of the maximum speed of collision of an object with a rigid barrier;

Δτ _beat - discreteness of registration of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ .

The value of area A ₁ is determined as

,

and the value of area A ₂ is determined based on the time shift Δa ₂ of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ relative to the first dependence a(t) ₁ , caused by the elastic deformation of the deformable block B ₁ under study, and also, in the case of using an auxiliary deformable block B ₁ and its elastic deformation, while the adjusted value of the area of figure A ₂ limited by the second displaced time dependence a(t) ₂ within the reference values of accelerations on the ascending and descending branches a _r2-1 , a _r2-21 , is calculated by the formula

where t _2-0 is the time corresponding to the displacement of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ relative to the first dependence a(t) ₁ ;

τ _{2 beats} and t _{2 beats} - respectively, the duration of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ and the corresponding end time of the recorded collision process, as a result of approximation of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ form the second approximated time dependence of the change in acceleration a'( t) ₂ , and then determine the value of the maximum acceleration a' _{2 max} acting on the block B ₁ under study in a specific section when an object collides with a rigid barrier.

The proposed method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the deformable block B ₁ under study in a specific section located in a moving object upon collision with a rigid barrier according to the fourth option is illustrated in the drawings.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a graph of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 acting on the deformable block B ₁ 14 under study, recorded by the optical method and a graph of the second shifted time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2, recorded by the accelerometer and a graph of the second approximate time dependence of the change acceleration a'(t) ₂ 18.

Figure 6 shows a device that implements a method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the test block B ₁ 14, located in a moving object upon collision with a rigid barrier according to the fourth option

The device is made similar to the device according to claim 1,

At the same time, in the digital processor 19, an additional function is organized for recording the time shift Δa ₂ of the second shifted time dependence of the acceleration a(t) ₂ 2 recorded by the accelerometer relative to the first time dependence a(t) ₁ 1.

In this case, the optical marker element 6 is installed in such a way that the center of the optical marker element 6 coincides with a specific section “a” on the block B ₁ 14 under study, located in the moving object15.

Moreover, the distance L between the center of the accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on block B ₁ is selected based on the condition

(0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 λ _ox >L>(0.6…0.95) ⋅ ν _{sod max} ⋅ Δτ _beat ,

where 1/4 ⋅ λwave - 1/4 of the sound wavelength in the object material;

λ _vol = with _sound / ƒ _before ,

where ƒ _limit is the limiting value of the accelerometer operating frequency;

с _sound - the value of the speed of sound in the material of block B ₁ ;

ν _{soud max} - the value of the maximum speed of collision of an object with a rigid barrier;

Δτ _beat - discreteness of registration of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ .

The method is carried out similarly to paragraph 1.

In this case, initially, an optical marker element 6 is installed on the deformable block B ₁ 14 under study, so that the center of the optical marker element 6 coincides with a specific section “a”.

Moreover, the distance L between the center of the accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on the block Ei is selected based on the condition

(0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 λ _vol >L>(0.6…0.95) ⋅ ν _{sod max} ⋅ Δτ _beat .

Registration of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ 1 and the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2 is carried out similarly according to paragraph 1.

In this case, the time shift Δa ₂ of the second shifted time dependence of acceleration a(t) ₂ 2, recorded by the accelerometer 10 relative to the first time dependence a(t) ₁ 1, due to the elastic deformation of the studied deformable block B ₁ 14, is additionally recorded, as well as in the case of using auxiliary deformable block B ₂ 17, and its elastic deformation.

Next, the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ 2 is approximated similarly to step 1.

In this case, the value of area A y is determined as

,

and the value of area A ₂ is determined based on the time shift Δa ₂ of the second displaced time dependence a(t) ₂ 2 relative to the first dependence a(t) ₁ 1, caused by the elastic deformation of the deformable block under study B ₁ 14, and also, in the case of using an auxiliary deformable block B ₂ 17, and its elastic deformation, with the corrected value of the area of figure A ₂ limited by the second displaced time dependence a(t) ₂ 2 within the reference values of accelerations on the ascending and descending branches a _r2-1 , a _r2-21 , calculated by the formula

.

As a result of approximation of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ 2, a second approximated time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t) ₂ 18 is formed, and then the value of the maximum acceleration a' _{2 max} acting on the studied block B ₁ 14 in a specific section "a" is determined " when object 15 collides with a rigid barrier.

The essence of the proposed method according to the fifth option is that optical registration of the value of the current movement of the block under study when an object collides with a rigid obstacle is carried out through frame-by-frame recording with a digital video camera with a CMOS matrix.

As shown by the results of physical and mathematical modeling of a laboratory model, a device that implements a method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the studied block B ₁ located in a moving object, when colliding with a rigid obstacle, in the process of simulating a collision of a vehicle with a rigid obstacle, the acceleration values a _{max opt} are recorded optically way using a digital video camera differ from the maximum acceleration values a _{max ax} recorded by the accelerometer.

However, the differences in the recorded values of maximum acceleration are not significant and are commensurate with the relative errors inherent in the registration of such parameters, but are of a systemic nature, which are as follows.

Firstly, the mathematical expectation of the maximum acceleration a _{max ax} recorded by an accelerometer is usually less than the mathematical expectation of the maximum acceleration a _{max opt} recorded optically by an average of 8%, with a maximum acceleration value a _max from 20 to 120 m/s, with this mean square the deviation in the first case is, respectively, from 1.8 m/s ² to 8 m/s ² , while in the second case, respectively, from 2.2 m/s ² to 9.5 m/s ² .

Secondly, based on the results of physical and mathematical modeling, it can be assumed that the values of the parameters characterizing the collision, for example, of a vehicle with a rigid obstacle, recorded by the accelerometer are more stable, in contrast to the values recorded optically, due to the influence of the discreteness value on the registration results current movement. However, the values of the parameters of the collision of a moving object with a rigid obstacle, recorded optically, have higher reliability, since accelerometers use mechanical sensitive elements that have a certain mass, and therefore a certain inertia.

The results of physical and mathematical modeling also show that sufficient discreteness of registration of the current movement, providing the necessary reliability of registration of the current movement upon impact with a rigid obstacle, is achieved if the number of characteristic points on the ascending branch and descending branch of the acceleration graph is at least 5, but not more than 12.

At the same time, it should be noted that for optical registration of the current movement of the block under study located in a moving object upon impact with a rigid obstacle by optical methods, the most inappropriate is the use of a video camera based on the use of digital high-speed video cameras with CMOS matrices.

In the process of physical modeling of the laboratory model, a digital high-speed camera Evercam 4000-256-C was used with a resolution of movement time recording from 0.05 ms to 0.2 ms. At the same time, accelerations were recorded by an AS 100-15 accelerometer.

Based on the above, it can be assumed that the proposed method increases the accuracy of recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the block under study, located in a moving object upon collision with a rigid obstacle.

Claims (23)

1. A method for recording the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the block under study, located in a moving object, upon impact with a rigid obstacle, which consists in optically recording the value of the current movement of the block under study, by recording in time with a video camera the position of the optical marker element located on the block under study, behind by identifying the reflected optical radiation from the optical radiation flow former, followed by obtaining, using a digital processor, an estimate of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ acting on the studied block B ₁ located on the object, characterized in that the optical registration of the value of the current movement the studied block B ₁ , equipped with an optical marker element, is carried out through frame-by-frame shooting with a digital video camera with a CCD matrix, at the same time, the acceleration acting on the studied block B ₁ located on the object is additionally recorded in time, with an accelerometer installed on the studied block B ₁ or on block B ₂ , structurally rigidly fixed to the test block B ₁ , form a second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ and at the same time record the value of the maximum acceleration of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) _{2 max} affecting the test block, using the second time dependence changes in acceleration a(t) ₂ , record the time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 , and the reference values of acceleration on the ascending and descending branches of the acceleration graph a _r2-1 and a _r2-21 are specified equal in size with the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ , and transform the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ , assigning the time interval between the reference values of acceleration to the ascending branch a _r2-1 and the descending branch a _r2-21 to the first time interval between the reference values of acceleration on the ascending branch a _r1-1 and the descending branch a _r1-21 of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ , and the reference values are set within from 10 to 15% of the recorded value of the maximum acceleration of the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) _{2 max} , and approximate the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ using boundary conditions in the form of coordinates of characteristic points on the ascending branch and descending branch acceleration graph a(t) ₁ a, and based on the condition of equality of the areas A ₁ and A ₂ of the figures, limited by the time dependences of the change in acceleration, respectively, the first dependence a(t) ₁ and the second dependence a(t) ₂ , within the reference values accelerations on the ascending and descending branches a _r1-1 , a _r1-21 , a _r2-1 , a _r2-21 and the corresponding values of the time to reach the reference acceleration values, respectively, t _r1-1 , t _r1-21 , t _r2-1 , t _r2-21 : as a result, an approximate second time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t) ₂ is formed, from which the value of the maximum acceleration a' _2max acting on the studied block B ₁ when an object collides with a rigid obstacle is determined. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that blocks B ₁ and B ₁ are made non-deformable and the areas of the figures limited by the first dependence a(t) ₁ and the second dependence a(t) ₂ - time dependences of the change in acceleration are determined, respectively, How 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that if the second time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₂ is recorded by an accelerometer mounted on a non-deformable block B ₂ , structurally rigidly attached to the non-deformable block B ₁ under study, the distance L between the center the accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on block B ₁ is selected based on the condition L=(0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 ⋅ λ _ox , where 1/4 ⋅ λ _wave - 1/4 the length of the sound wave in the object material; λ _vol = with _sound / ƒ _before , where ƒ _limit is the limiting value of the accelerometer operating frequency; c _sound - the value of the speed of sound in the material of block B ₁ . 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that blocks B ₁ and B ₂ are made deformable and the registration of the value of the maximum acceleration acting on the deformable block B ₁ under study in a specific section is carried out by placing the optical marker element so that the center of the optical marker element coincided with the specified specific section, while the time displacement Δa ₂ of the second displaced time dependence of acceleration a(t) ₂ recorded by the accelerometer relative to the first time dependence a(t) ₁ , caused by the elastic deformation of the studied deformable block B ₁ , is additionally recorded, as well as in the case of using an auxiliary deformable block B ₂ and its elastic deformation, and the distance L between the center of the accelerometer mounting surface and the center of the optical marker element on block B ₁ is selected based on the condition (0.6…0.85) ⋅ 1/4 ⋅ λ _ox >L>(0.6…0.95) ⋅ ν _{soud max} ⋅ Δτ _beat , where 1/4 ⋅ λ _wave - 1/4 the length of the sound wave in the object material; λ _vol = with _sound / ƒ _before , where ƒ _limit is the limiting value of the accelerometer operating frequency; с _sound - the value of the speed of sound in the material of block B ₁ ; ν _{soud max} - the value of the maximum speed of collision of an object with a rigid barrier; Δτ _beat - discreteness of registration of the first time dependence of the change in acceleration a(t) ₁ , the value of area A ₁ is determined as , and the value of area A ₂ is determined based on the time shift Δa ₂ of the second displaced time dependence a(t) ₂ relative to the first dependence a(t) ₁ , caused by the elastic deformation of the deformable block B ₁ under study, as well as in the case of using an auxiliary deformable block B ₂ and its elastic deformation, while the corrected value of the area of figure A ₂ , limited by the second displaced time dependence a(t) ₂ within the reference values of accelerations on the ascending and descending branches a _r2-1 , a _r2-21 , is calculated by the formula where t _2-0 is the time corresponding to the displacement of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ relative to the first dependence a(t) ₁ ; τ _{2 beats} and t _{2 beats} - respectively, the duration of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ and the corresponding end time of the recorded collision process; as a result of approximation of the second shifted time dependence a(t) ₂ , the second approximated time dependence of the change in acceleration a'(t) is formed ₂ , and then determine the value of the maximum acceleration a' _2max acting on the studied block B ₁ in a specific section when an object collides with a rigid barrier. 5. Method according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the optical registration of the value of the current movement of the block under study when an object collides with a rigid obstacle is carried out through frame-by-frame recording with a digital video camera with a CMOS matrix.