RU2807010C2 - Application of composition that absorbs ultraviolet radiation as light stabilizer for moulded article from artificial polymer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: artificial polymers.

SUBSTANCE: present invention is related to the use of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition as a light stabilizer for a moulded artificial resin product. Moreover, the polymer is a synthetic polymer and/or a natural elastomer, and the composition includes a compound of general formula (I)

, where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II)

, where R2 represents H or halogen. The invention is also related to a moulded product and to an extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition to produce a moulded product.

EFFECT: creation of a composition as a light stabilizer for a moulded product made of artificial polymer.

15 cl, 1 dwg, 24 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The present invention relates to the use of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition as a light stabilizer for an artificial resin molding, a stabilized artificial resin molding, and an extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition containing the ultraviolet absorbing composition.

The present invention relates, in particular, to the use of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition (additive composition) as a light stabilizer for a molded article of artificial (or industrial) polymer, wherein the polymer is a synthetic polymer and/or a natural elastomer, and wherein the absorbing composition ultraviolet radiation, includes a compound of general formula (I)

where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is >1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H or halogen.

It is preferable that in the compound of general formula (I), n and m, independently of each other, are a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is >1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H.

More preferably, in the compound of general formula (I), n and m, independently of each other, are a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is >1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, or a group of the general formula (II)

where R2 represents H.

Alternatively, in the compound of general formula (I), n and m, independently of each other, are a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is >1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H.

Alternatively, in the compound of general formula (I), n and m, independently of each other, are a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is >1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II)

where R2 represents halogen.

The term "alkyl with 8 to 24 carbon atoms" in the context of the present invention refers to a linear or branched alkyl group having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, and includes, for example, octyl, nonyl, decanyl, undecanyl, dodecanyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl , stearyl, araquinil, behenyl.

Preferably R1 in the compound of general formula (I) is a C12-22 alkyl, more preferably a C14-20 alkyl, and most preferably a C16 or 18 alkyl such as palmityl or stearyl. In particular, R1 in the compound of general formula (I) is stearyl.

The term "halogen" in the context of the present invention refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preferably the halogen is chlorine.

Accordingly, when R2 in the group of general formula (II) is halogen, R2 is preferably chlorine.

However, in one preferred embodiment, R2 in a group of general formula (II) is H.

In one embodiment, X1, X2, X4 and X5 in the compound of general formula (I) are the same. Preferably, X1, X2, X4 and X5 in the compound of general formula (I) are the same and represent a group of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H or halogen, preferably H.

It will be appreciated that X3 is preferably H or C(O)R1, where R1 is C8-24 alkyl, more preferably C(O)R1, where R1 is C8-24 alkyl.

Thus, in one embodiment, it is preferred that X3 in the compound of general formula (I) is different from X1, X2, X4 and X5. More preferably, X1, X2, X4 and X5 in the compound of general formula (I) are the same and represent a group of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H or halogen, preferably H, and X3 represents H or C(O)R1, where R1 represents alkyl with 8-24 carbon atoms.

In particular, X1, X2, X4 and X5 in the compound of general formula (I) are the same and represent a group of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H or halogen, preferably H, and X3 represents C(O)R1, where R1 represents alkyl with 8-24 carbon atoms.

Alternatively, X1, X2, X4 and X5 in the compound of general formula (I) are the same and represent a group of general formula (II)

where R2 represents H or halogen, and X3 represents H.

As already mentioned, n and m in the compound of general formula (I) are independently from each other a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1. It is preferable that n and m in the compound of general formula (I) independently of each other represent a number from 1 to 20. That is, m and n are ≥1.

In one embodiment, n and m in a compound of general formula (I) are independently of one another a number from 1 to 18, preferably from 1 to 16, and most preferably from 1 to 15.

It should be appreciated that m and n, independently of each other, represent a number selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 .

In general, the compound of general formula (I) contains covalently bound chromophores in an amount of >70% by weight, based on the total weight of the compound of general formula (I).

Additionally or alternatively, the compound of general formula (I) has an E 1% 1 cm (343-344 nm) >200 nm.

The compound of general formula (I) is a polyether ultraviolet absorber that absorbs radiation at wavelengths between 290 and 400 nm.

In one embodiment, the compound of general formula (I) has an average molecular weight (M _w )>300 Da. In one embodiment, M _w is in the range of about 300 to about 50,000 Da. In another embodiment, M _w is in the range of from about 500 to about 20,000, such as from about 500 to about 10,000 Da.

The UV absorbing composition containing a compound of general formula (I) is preferably prepared by esterification/transesterification, including the steps of reacting a polyglycerol intermediate (6 or 7), i.e. polyglycerol or polyglycerol alkylate, with a benzotriazole UV chromophore (5) containing an additional functional group A to form a polymer compound (3 or 4) according to the following reaction scheme:

where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1; A is selected from OH, OMe and OEt; k is a number from 1 to 40; R1 is C8-C24 alkyl and R2 is H or halogen.

Such processes are well known in the art and, for example, are described in US application US2015 0164771.

The benzotriazole derivatives according to formula (5) represent the UV chromophore moiety of the present composition, which absorbs ultraviolet radiation.

The most preferred compounds according to formula (5) are 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester corresponding to the formula

(CAS registration number 84268-33-7);

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid, corresponding to the formula

(CAS registration number 84268-36-0),

or a compound according to formula (5a) or (5b) having as a substituent chlorine corresponding to formula

Preferably, the compound according to formula (5) is a compound corresponding to formula (5a) or (5b).

Polyglycerol (CAS registration number 25618-55-7; 1,2,3-propanetriol, homopolymer) corresponding to formula (6) is known as a universal building block for environmentally friendly cosmetic raw materials (Wenk, N.H.; Meyer, J.; SOFW Journal , 2009, volume 135, issue 8, pages 25-30).

Polyglycerol is an ether-bridged homopolymer of glycerol that is available in varying degrees of polymerization, with higher molecular weight polymers corresponding to increased hydrophilicity and molecular weight. Although the idealized structure of polyglycerol - a 1,3-linked, linear polymer - is quite simple, the reality is much more complex. Polyglycerols are mixtures of a number of structures, which are determined by the distribution of oligomers, the degree of branching and the number of cyclic structures. Even products with the same average molecular weight can vary significantly in their properties.

Oligomerization of glycerol is a sequential reaction, and complete conversion of glycerol promotes the formation of high molecular weight glycerol oligos and polymers.

The general structural formula for polyglycerol can be schematically depicted from the following formula (8) as

(8) HOCH ₂ -CHOH-CH ₂ -O-[CH ₂ -CHOH-CH ₂ -O]n-CH ₂ -CHOH-CH ₂ OH,

wherein

n=0 gives diglycerol,

n=1 triglycerol, n=2 tetraglycerol, etc., including branched isomers formed as a result of the reaction of secondary hydroxyls.

Along with linear polyglycerol, cyclic oligomers can be formed as a result of further condensation (Diglycerin and hoehere Oligomere des Glycerins als Synthesebausteine, Jakobson, G., Fette, Seifen Anstrichmittel, 1986, volume 88, pages 101-106).

With an increase in molecular weight, the hydroxyl number of polyglycerol decreases (diglycerol contains 4, triglycerol 5, tetraglycerol 6, etc. hydroxyl groups). In some embodiments, the glycerol-based composition is fractionated to obtain the desired distribution of glycerol polymers and the desired hydroxyl number.

Detailed synthesis procedures for the production of polyglycerol are described in international applications WO2011098315, WO2015122770, WO2002036534, US patent application US20020058781, US patent US6620904 and international application WO2007092407.

Preferred catalysts for the production of polyglycerol are K ₂ CO ₃ , Li ₂ CO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , KOH, NaOH, CH ₃ ONa, Ca(OH) ₂ , LiOH, MgCO ₃ , MgO, CaO, CaCO ₃ , ZnO, CsOH , Cs ₂ CO ₃ , NaHCO ₃ , CsHCO ₃ , SrO and BaO.

The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between 230 and 260°C.

Methods for preparing polyglyceryl alkylates corresponding to the general formula (7) are also well known and, for example, are described in US patent application US2015 0164771, page 3, paragraph [0020], which is therefore incorporated herein by reference.

Polyglycerol and polyglyceryl alkylates corresponding to the general formula (6) and (7) are also commercially available from a variety of sources. For example, polyglycerol #310, polyglycerol #500, polyglycerol #750, decaglycerol tri-stearate (TS-7S), decaglycerol deca-stearate (DAS-7S), glycerol hexa monostearate (MS-5S), hexaglycerol di-stearate (SS-5S ) are supplied by Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd., Japan. Natrulon H-6 (polyglycerol-6), natrulon H-10 (polyglycerol-10), polyglyceryl-10 decaoleate (Polyaldo® 10-10-0), polyglyceryl-3 stearate (Polyaldo® 3-1-S), polyglyceryl- 6 distearate (Polyaldo® 6-2-S), polyglyceryl-10 stearate (Polyaldo® 10-1-S), polyglyceryl-10 dipalmitate (Polyaldo® 10-2-P), polyglyceryl-10 oleate (Polyaldo® 10-1 -0) and polyglyceryl-10 caprylate/caprate (Polyaldo® 10-1-CC) were supplied by Lonza AG, Switzerland. Polyglycerol-10, polyglycerol-6, polyglycerol-4, polyglycerol-3 are supplied by Spiga Nord S.p.A., Italy.

The ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition according to the present invention consists of a complex combination of various molecules (complex reaction products).

This is further illustrated in formula (1a) representing a preferred polymer compound of general formula (I) according to the present invention based on a polyglycerol backbone containing 5 glycerol structural units (non-limiting examples):

The glycerol backbone typically consists primarily of 3-20 glycerol structural units through which the hydroxyl groups of the glycerol backbone are covalently linked to the benzotriazole UV chromophore. It would be reasonable to assume that primary hydroxyl groups (terminal structural units) react faster than secondary hydroxyl groups, which are less reactive to be derivatized. Consequently, some secondary hydroxyl groups remain unreacted. The glycerol framework consists of predominantly linear and unbranched structural units. Branched isomers and higher molecular weight fractions may be present, including more than 20 glycerol structural units.

Minor components, for example, benzotriazole conjugates of cyclic glycerol oligomers (non-limiting examples):

A composition containing a compound of formula (3) is characterized by the following:

MW distribution: Mw>300 Yes (GPC, polystyrene calibration).

3-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester: ≤5.0% (HPLC).

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid: ≤5.0% (HPLC).

The sum of the concentrations of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1 -dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid: ≤5.0% (HPLC).

UV absorption: E 1% 1 cm (344 nm): >200.

Number of bound chromophores: >70%.

Residual catalyst from transesterification reaction (tin II ethylhexanoate) <700 ppm. ppm or practically free of tin (Sn) (control during production).

Characterization of the composition is carried out in accordance with the Methods chapter below.

In view of the above, it should be understood that the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition further includes, in addition to the compound of general formula (I), one or more components selected from the group consisting of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-methyl ester 5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, methanol and tin.

Preferably, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition further comprises, in addition to the compound of general formula (I), 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester, 3 -(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, methanol and tin.

Typically the concentration of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and/or 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-( The 1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition.

In one embodiment, the concentration of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester or 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5- The (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition. Alternatively, the concentration of each of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)- The 5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition.

Preferably, the sum of the concentrations of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1, The 1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition. In particular, the sum of the concentrations of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1 The ,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤4.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition.

In one embodiment, the tin concentration in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is <700 ppm, more preferably <600 ppm, and most preferably <500 ppm.

In particular, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition is substantially free of tin.

In a preferred method, the water or alcohol that is formed during the reaction is removed by distillation during the esterification/transesterification reaction.

Thus, it is preferred that the concentration of methanol in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is <3000 ppm, preferably <2500 ppm, and most preferably <2000 ppm.

It is preferred that the esterification/transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 160-270°C, more preferably at a temperature of 190-260°C.

In another preferred embodiment, the esterification/transesterification is carried out without any additional solvent.

In another preferred embodiment, the esterification/transesterification is carried out without any additional esterification/transesterification catalyst.

In another preferred embodiment, the esterification/transesterification is carried out under intermittent or constant vacuum conditions of less than 250 mbar, more preferably less than 100 mbar.

In particular, esterification/transesterification is carried out at a temperature of 190-260°C for at least 18 hours.

In another preferred embodiment, the polyglycerol contains less than 5% glycerol or linear and cyclic diglycerols.

In another preferred embodiment, the hydroxyl number of the polyglycerol is in the range between 700 and 1100, more preferably between 750 and 900. The hydroxyl number is expressed by the mass of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in milligrams, equivalent to the content of hydroxyl groups in one gram of polyglycerol. Unless otherwise stated, the hydroxyl value is determined by the general method described in The International Pharmacopoeia, Chapter 4.7 "Determination of hydroxyl value", seventh edition, 2017.

In one embodiment, the UV chromophore in the compound of general formula (I) is 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid corresponding to formula (5b).

In another embodiment, the UV chromophore in the compound of general formula (I) is 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester corresponding to formula (5a ).

In another preferred embodiment, the final reaction product is used without further purification after synthesis.

In another preferred embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition (UVRAP) is prepared by reacting 1 part polyglycerol with 1.0-7.0 parts 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1.1) methyl ester -dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzene-propanoic acid corresponding to formula (5b).

In another preferred embodiment, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition (UVRAP) is prepared by reacting 1 part polyglycerol with 1.0-7.0 parts 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1-dimethylethyl)-4 -hydroxybenzene-propanoic acid corresponding to formula (5a).

In particular, the inventors have discovered that an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition (UVRAP) can be used as an ultraviolet radiation absorbing agent to stabilize a molded article made of an artificial polymer, the polymer being a synthetic polymer or a natural elastomer.

Specific examples of synthetic polymer or natural elastomer:

1. Polymers of monoolefins and diolefins, e.g. polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybut-1-ene, poly-4-methylpent-1-ene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polyisoprene or polybutadiene, polyhexene, polyoctene, as well as polymers of cycloolefins, e.g. cyclopentene , cyclohexene, cyclooctene or norbornene, polyethylene (which can be crosslinked if necessary) e.g. high density polyethylene (HDPE), high density polyethylene high molecular weight (HDPE-HMW), high density polyethylene ultra-high molecular weight (HDPE-UHMW) , medium density polyethylene (MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), (VLDPE) and (ULDPE).

Polyolefins, i.e. The monoolefin polymers shown in the previous paragraph, preferably polyethylene and polypropylene, can be produced in various ways, in particular by the following methods:

a) radical polymerization (usually at high pressure and elevated temperature).

b) catalytic polymerization using a catalyst which typically contains one or more metals of Groups IVb, Vb, VIb or VIII of the Periodic Table. These metals typically have one or more ligands, generally oxides, halides, alcoholates, esters, ethers, amines, alkyls, alkenyls and/or aryls, which may be π- or σ-coordinated. These metal complexes can be in free form or supported on a substrate, mainly activated magnesium chloride, titanium (III) chloride, aluminum oxide or silicon oxide. Said catalysts may be soluble or insoluble in the polymerization medium. The catalysts can be used in the polymerization by themselves or additional activators can be used, generally metal alkyls, metal hybrids, metal alkyl halides, metal alkyl oxides or metal alkyloxanes, said metals being elements of Groups Ia, IIa and/or IIIa of the Periodic Table. The activators can be conveniently modified with additional groups of esters, ethers, amines or silyl ethers. These catalyst systems are commonly referred to as Phillips, Standard Oil Indiana, Ziegler (-Natta), TNZ (DuPont), metallocene catalysts or single center catalysts (SSC).

2. Blends of polymers mentioned in 1), for example, mixtures of polypropylene with polyisobutylene, polypropylene with polyethylene (for example, PP/HDPE, PP/LDPE) and mixtures of different types of polyethylene (for example, LDPE/HDPE).

3. Copolymers of monoolefins and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, for example, copolymers of ethylene and propylene, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and its mixtures with low density polyethylene (LDPE), very low density polyethylene, copolymers of propylene and but- 2-ene, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, ethylene-but-1-ene copolymers, ethylene-hexene copolymers, ethylene-methylpentene copolymers, ethylene-heptene copolymers, ethylene-octene copolymers, ethylene-vinylcyclohexane copolymers, ethylene-cycloolefin copolymers (e.g. ethylene and norbornene, such as SOS), copolymers of ethylene and 1-olefins, where the 1-olefin is generated in situ; copolymers of propylene and butadiene, copolymers of isobutylene and isoprene, copolymers of ethylene and vinylcyclohexene, copolymers of ethylene and alkyl acrylate, copolymers of ethylene and alkyl methacrylate, copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate or copolymers of ethylene and acrylic acid and their salts (ionomers), as well as ternary copolymers of ethylene with propylene and a diene such as hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene or ethylidene norbornene; and mixtures of similar copolymers with each other and with the polymers mentioned in 1 above), for example, polypropylene-ethylene-propylene copolymers, LDPE-ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, LDPE-ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymers, LLDPE/EVA , LLDPE/EAA and alternating or random copolymers of polyalkylenes and carbon monoxide and mixtures thereof with other polymers, for example polyamides.

4. Hydrocarbon resins (for example, C5-C9), including their hydrogenated modifications (for example, adhesion enhancers) and mixtures of polyalkylenes and starch.

Homopolymers and copolymers from 1.) - 4.) can have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic, where atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included. Copolymers from 1.) - 4.) can be random or block copolymers, homo- or heterophasic or highly crystalline homopolymers.

5. Polystyrene, poly(p-methylstyrene), poly(α-methylstyrene).

6. Aromatic homopolymers and copolymers derived from vinyl aromatic monomers, including styrene, α-methylstyrene, all isomers of vinyltoluene, especially p-vinyltoluene, all isomers of ethylstyrene, propylstyrene, vinylbiphenyl, vinylnaphthalene and vinylanthracene, and mixtures thereof. Homopolymers and copolymers can have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic, where atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

6a. Copolymers comprising the above-mentioned vinyl aromatic monomers and comonomers selected from ethylene, propylene, dienes, nitriles, acids, maleic anhydrides, maleimides, vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride or acrylic derivatives and mixtures thereof, for example styrene/butadiene, styrene/acrylonitrile, styrene/ ethylene (interpolymers), styrene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl acrylate, styrene/butadiene/alkyl methacrylate, styrene/maleic anhydride, styrene/acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate; mixtures of high impact styrenic copolymers and another polymer, for example, polyacrylate, diene polymer or ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymer; and styrene block copolymers such as styrene/butadiene/styrene, styrene/isoprene/styrene, styrene/isoprene/butadiene/styrene, styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene or styrene/ethylene/propylene/styrene, HIPS, ABS, ASA, AES.

6b. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers obtained by hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned in 6.), especially including polycyclohexylethylene (PCHE), obtained by hydrogenation of atactic polystyrene, often referred to as polyvinylcyclohexane (PVCH).

6s. Hydrogenated aromatic polymers obtained by hydrogenation of the polymers mentioned in 6a.).

Homopolymers and copolymers can have any stereostructure, including syndiotactic, isotactic, semi-isotactic or atactic, where atactic polymers are preferred. Stereoblock polymers are also included.

7. Graft copolymers of vinyl aromatic monomers such as styrene or α-methylstyrene, for example styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or copolymers of polybutadiene and acrylonitrile; styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylic acrylates or methacrylates on polybutadiene; styrene and acrylonitrile on ternary copolymers of ethylene, propylene and diene; styrene and acrylonitrile on polyalkyl acrylates or polyalkyl methacrylates, styrene and acrylonitrile on acrylate-butadiene copolymers, and mixtures thereof with the copolymers listed in 6), for example mixtures of copolymers known as ABS, MBS, ASA or AES polymers.

8. Halogen-containing polymers such as polychloroprene, chlorinated rubbers, chlorinated or brominated isobutylene-isoprene copolymer (halobutyl rubber), chlorinated or chlorosulfonated polyethylene, copolymers of ethylene and chlorinated ethylene, homo- and copolymers of epichlorohydrin, especially polymers of halogenated vinyl compounds, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, as well as copolymers thereof, such as copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride, vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate, or vinylidene chloride and vinyl acetate. Polyvinyl chloride can be hard or soft (plasticized).

9. Polymers derived from α,β-unsaturated acids and their derivatives, such as polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, polymethyl methacrylates, polyacrylamides and polyacrylonitriles modified with butyl acrylate to improve impact resistance.

10. Copolymers of the monomers mentioned in 9) with each other or with other unsaturated monomers, for example, copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene, copolymers of acrylonitrile and alkyl acrylate, copolymers of acrylonitrile and alkoxyalkyl acrylate or copolymers of acrylonitrile and vinyl halide or ternary copolymers of acrylonitrile, alkyl methacrylate and butadiene.

11. Polymers derived from unsaturated alcohols and amines or their acyl derivatives or their acetals, for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl stearate, polyvinyl benzoate, polyvinyl maleate, polyvinyl butyral, polyallyl phthalate or polyallyl melamine; as well as their copolymers with the olefins mentioned above in 1).

12. Homopolymers and copolymers of cyclic ethers, such as polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide or their copolymers with bisglycidyl ethers.

13. Polyacetals such as polyoxymethylene and those polyoxymethylenes which contain ethylene oxide as a comonomer; polyacetals modified with thermoplastic polyurethanes, acrylates or MBS.

14. Polyphenylene oxides and sulfides and mixtures of polyphenylene oxides with styrene polymers or polyamides.

15. Polyurethanes derived from polyethers, polyesters or polybutadienes terminated with hydroxyl groups on the one hand and aliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanates on the other, as well as their starting materials. Polyurethanes formed by the reaction of (1) diisocyanates with short-chain diols (chain extenders) and (2) diisocyanates with long-chain diols (thermoplastic polyurethanes, TPUs).

16. Polyamides or copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and/or from aminocarboxylic acids or corresponding lactams, for example polyamide 4, polyamide 6, polyamide 6/6, 6/10, 6/9, 6/12, 4/6 , 12/12, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, aromatic polyamides derived from m-xylene diamine and adipic acid; polyamides derived from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic and/or terephthalic acid and with or without an elastomer as a modifier, for example poly-2,4,4,-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide; as well as block copolymers of the above-mentioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers; or with polyethers, for example polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol; as well as polyamides or copolyamides modified with EPDM or ABS; and polyamides condensed during processing (RIM polyamide systems). Polyamides can be amorphous.

17. Polyureas, polyimides, polyamide imides, polyether imides, polyether imides, polyhydantoins and polybenzimidazoles.

18. Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and diols and/or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or corresponding lactones or lactides, for example polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, poly-1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polypropylene terephthalate, polyalkylene naphthalate and polyhydroxybenzoates, as well as copolyether esters, derivatives of hydroxyl-terminated polyesters, as well as polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS. Copolyesters may include, for example, but are not limited to, polybutylene succinate/terephthalate, polybutylene adipate/terephthalate, polytetramethylene adipate/terephthalate, polybutylene succinate/adipate, polybutylene succinate/carbonate, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate/octanoate copolymer, poly-3-terpolymer Hydroxybutyrate/hexanoate/decanoate. In addition, aliphatic polyesters may include, for example, but not limited to, the class of poly(hydroxyalkanoates), in particular poly(propiolactone), poly(butyrolactone), poly(pivalolactone), poly(valerolactone) and poly(caprolactone ), polyethylene succinate, polypropylene succinate, polybutylene succinate, polyhexamethylene succinate, polyethylene adipate, polypropylene adipate, polybutylene adipate, polyhexamethylene adipate, polyethylene oxalate, polypropylene oxalate, polybutylene oxalate, polyhexamethylene oxalate, polyethylene sebacate, polypropylene sebacate, polybutylene sebacate, polyethylene fura noate and polylactic acid (PLA), as well as corresponding polyesters modified with polycarbonates or MBS The term "polylactic acid (PLA)" means a homopolymer of preferably poly-L-lactide and any of its mixtures or alloys with other polymers; a copolymer of lactic acid or lactide with other monomers such as hydroxycarboxylic acids such as, for example, glycolic acid , 3-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxybutyric acid, 4-hydroxyvaleric acid, 5-hydroxyvaleric acid, 6-hydroxycaproic acid and their cyclic forms; the terms "lactic acid" or "lactide" include L-lactic acid, D-lactic acid, mixtures and dimers thereof, i.e. L-lactide, D-lactide, mesolactide and any mixtures thereof. Preferred polyesters are PET, PET-G, PBT.

19. Polycarbonates and polyester carbonates. Polycarbonates are preferably prepared by reacting bisphenolic compounds with carbonic acid compounds, in particular phosgene, or, in a melt transesterification process, diphenyl carbonate or dimethyl carbonate. Particularly preferred are homopolycarbonates based on bisphenol A and copolycarbonates based on the monomers bisphenol A and 1,1-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (bisphenol TMC). These and other bisphenol and diol compounds that can be used for the synthesis of polycarbonate are disclosed, among others, in international application WO 08037364 (page 7, line 21 - page 10, line 5), European patent EP 1582549 ([0018] - [0034]), international application WO 02026862 (page 2, line 23 - page 5, line 15), international application WO 05113639 (page 2, line 1 - page 7, line 20). Polycarbonates can be linear or branched. Mixtures of branched and unbranched polycarbonates can also be used. Suitable branching agents for polycarbonates are known from the literature and are described, for example, in the patent specifications US 4185009 and DE 2500092 (3,3-bis(4-hydroxyaryloxindoles according to the invention, see in each case the entire document), DE 4240313 (see page 3, lines 33 to 55), DE 19943642 (see page 5, lines 25 to 34) and US 5367044, as well as in the literature cited therein. In addition, the polycarbonates used can be branched in themselves, in this In this case, no branching agent is added during the production of the polycarbonate. An example of non-branching agents are the so-called Fries structures, which are disclosed for meltable polycarbonates in European patent EP 1506249. In the preparation of polycarbonate, chain termination agents can additionally be used. Preferably, phenols are used as chain termination agents , such as phenol, alkylphenols such as cresol and 4-tert-butylphenol, chlorophenol, bromophenol, cumylphenol or mixtures thereof.Polyester carbonates are prepared by reacting the already mentioned bisphenols with at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid and optionally carbonic acid equivalents. Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids are, for example, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, 3,3'- or 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid and benzophenonedicarboxylic acids. Part, up to 80 mol. %, preferably from 20 to 50 mol. %, carbonate groups in polycarbonates can be replaced by aromatic dicarboxylic acid ester groups.

20. Polyketones.

21. Polysulfones, polyether sulfones and polyether ketones.

22. Crosslinked polymers derived from aldehydes on the one hand and phenols, ureas and melamines on the other, such as phenol-formaldehyde resins, urea-formaldehyde resins and melamine-formaldehyde resins.

23. Dried and non-dried alkyd resins.

24. Unsaturated polyester resins derived from copolyesters of saturated and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids with polyhydric alcohols and vinyl compounds as cross-linking agents, as well as their halogen-containing modifications with low flammability.

25. Crosslinkable acrylic resins derived from substituted acrylates, such as epoxy acrylates, urethane acrylates or polyester acrylates.

26. Alkyd resins, polyester resins and acrylate resins cross-linked with melamine resins, urea resins, isocyanates, isocyanurates, polyisocyanates or epoxy resins.

27. Cross-linked epoxy resins derived from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic glycidyl compounds, for example, the diglycidyl ether products of bisphenol A, bisphenol E and bisphenol F, which are cross-linked with conventional hardeners such as anhydrides or amines, with or without accelerators.

28. Natural polymers such as cellulose, rubber, gelatin and their chemically modified homologous derivatives, such as cellulose acetates, cellulose propionates and cellulose butyrates, or cellulose ethers such as methylcellulose, as well as rosins and their derivatives.

29. Mixtures of the above-mentioned polymers (polyblends), for example, PP/EPDM, polyamide/EPDM or ABS, PVC/EVA, PVC/ABS, PVC/MBS, PC/ABS, PBTP/ABS, PC/ASA, PC/PBT, PVC/CPE, PVC/acrylates, POM/thermoplastic PUR, PC/thermoplastic PUR, POM/acrylate, POM/MBS, PPO/HIPS, PPO/PA 6.6 and copolymers, PA/HDPE, PA/PP, PA/PPO, PBT /PC/ABS or RVT/RET/RS.

30. Organic substances of natural and synthetic origin, which are pure monomeric compounds or mixtures of such compounds, for example mineral oils, animal and vegetable fats, oils and waxes or oils, fats and waxes based on synthetic esters (for example, phthalates, adipates, phosphates or trimellitates), as well as mixtures of synthetic esters with mineral oils in any mass ratio, usually used as spinning compositions, as well as aqueous emulsions of such substances.

31. Aqueous emulsions of natural or synthetic rubber, for example, natural latex or carboxylated styrene-butadiene copolymer latexes.

32. Adhesives, for example block copolymers such as SIS, SBS, SEBS, SEPS (S is styrene, I is isoprene, B is polybutadiene, EB is ethylene/butylene block, EP is polyethylene/polypropylene block).

33. Rubbers, e.g. polymers of conjugated dienes, e.g. polybutadiene or polyisoprene, copolymers of mono- and diolefins with each other or with other vinyl monomers, copolymers of styrene or α-methylstyrene with dienes or with acrylic derivatives, chlorinated rubbers, natural rubber.

34. Elastomers such as natural polyisoprene (cis-1,4-polyisoprene natural rubber (NR) and trans-1,4-polyisoprene gutta-percha), synthetic polyisoprene (IR for isoprene rubber), polybutadiene (BR for butadiene rubber), chloroprene rubber (CR), polychloroprene, neoprene, byprene, etc., butyl rubber (isobutylene-isoprene copolymer, IIR), halogenated butyl rubbers (chlorobutyl rubber: CIIR; bromobutyl rubber: BIIR), styrene-butadiene rubber (styrene-butadiene copolymer, SBR), nitrile rubber (NBR), also called Buna N rubbers, hydrogenated nitrile rubbers (HNBR), Therban and Zetpol, EPM (ethylene propylene rubber, a copolymer of ethylene and propylene) and EPDM rubber (ethylene propylene diene rubber, a terpolymer of ethylene) , propylene and diene component), epichlorohydrin rubber (ECO), polyacrylic rubber (ACM, ABR), silicone rubber (SI, Q, VMQ), fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), fluoroelastomers (FKM and FEPM) Viton, Tecnoflon, Fluorel, Aflas and Dai -EI, perfluoroelastomers (FFKM) Tecnoflon PFR, Kalrez, Chemraz, Perlast, polyester block amides (PEBA), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), (Hypalon), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic elastomers (TPE), proteins resilin and elastin, polysulfide rubber, elastolefin, an elastic fiber used in textile production.

35. Thermoplastic elastomers, e.g. styrene block copolymers (TPE-s), thermoplastic olefins (TPE-o), elastomeric alloys (TPE-v or TPV), thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU), thermoplastic copolyester, thermoplastic polyamides, "reactor" "thermoplastic polyolefins (R-TPO's), polyolefin plastomers (POP's), polyolefin elastomers (POE's).

The artificial polymer molded article of the invention is, for example, produced by one of the following process steps:

injection blow molding, extrusion, blow molding, rotational molding, injection molding (reverse injection), injection molding, injection molding, co-injection molding, blow molding, stamping, compression molding, compression molding, film extrusion (cast film; blown film) , fiber spinning (woven, non-woven), drawing (uniaxial, biaxial), annealing, deep drawing, calendering, mechanical conversion, sintering, co-extrusion, lamination, cross-linking (radiation, peroxide, silane), vapor deposition, welding together, bonding, vulcanization, thermoforming, pipe extrusion, profile extrusion, sheet extrusion; sheet molding, slinging, foaming, recycling/recycling, visbreaking (peroxide, heat treatment), melt blowing, twisting, surface treatment (corona, flame, plasma), sterilization (gamma ray, electron beam), tape extrusion, pultrusion, SMC process or plastisol.

Thus, another embodiment of the present invention is an extruded, cast or calendered molded article of artificial polymer.

Examples of products according to the present invention are:

I-1) Swimming equipment, marine products, pontoons, buoys, plastic deck frames, breakwaters, boats, kayaks, oars and shore reinforcements.

I-2) Automotive products, interior products, exterior products, such as interior trim, bumpers, dashboards, battery, rear and front trims, hood moldings, hat racks, trunk trims, interior trims, air spring covers, electronic profiled products for fittings (signaling lights), dashboard windows, headlight glass, dashboard, exterior trims, upholstery material, car headlights, headlights, side lights, taillights, brake lights, interior and exterior trims; door panels; gas tank; front side glazing; rear windows; seat back, exterior panels, wire insulation, extruded seal profiles, exterior trim, support covers, frame parts, engine exhaust systems, fuel filter/liner, fuel pumps, fuel reservoir, body side profiles, convertible tops, outside mirrors, exterior trim, latches/fastenings, front block, glass, hinges, locking systems, luggage racks/racks, pressed/padded parts, seals, side impact protection, noise absorbers/insulators and panoramic sunroof, door handle covers, consoles, instrument panels , seats, frames, casings, reinforced automotive products, fiber reinforced automotive products, polymer filled automotive products, unfilled polymer automotive products.

I-3) Road transport devices, in particular sign mounts, road marking mounts, vehicle accessories, warning triangles, first aid kit cases, helmets, tires.

I-4) Devices for transport or public transport. Devices for aircraft, railways, passenger cars (automobiles, motorcycles), trucks, light duty trucks, buses, trams, bicycles, including interior fittings and trim.

I-5) Devices for use in space, in particular rockets and satellites, such as re-entry protective devices.

I-6) Devices for architecture and design, products for mining, acoustic threshold systems, outdoor shelters and awnings.

II-1) Apparatuses, enclosures and coverings for general use and in electrical/electronic devices (personal computer, telephone, portable telephone, printer, televisions, audio and video devices), flower pots, satellite television lamps and panel devices.

II-2) Sheaths for other materials such as steel or textile materials.

II-3) Devices for the electronics industry, in particular insulation for plugs, especially computer plugs, enclosures for electrical and electronic parts, printed circuit boards, and materials for electronic data storage such as microchips, bank cards or credit cards.

II-4) Electrical appliances, in particular washing machines, toggle switches, ovens (microwave oven), dishwashers, mixers and irons.

II-5) Coverings for lighting fixtures (eg street lamps, lamp shades).

II-6) Uses in wires and cables (semiconductor, insulation and cable sheathing).

II-7) Foil for capacitors, refrigerators, heating devices, air conditioners, sealing electronic circuits, semiconductors, coffee machines and vacuum cleaners.

III-1) Engineering products such as gears (gearing), sliding fittings, spacers, screws, bolts, handles and rollers.

III-2) Rotor blades, fans and wind turbine blades, solar devices, closets, wardrobes, partition walls, econom panels, folding walls, roofs, shutters (eg roller shutters), fittings, connections between pipes, hoses and conveyor belts.

III-3) Sanitary products, in particular portable toilets, showers, toilets, covers and sinks.

III-4) Hygiene products, in particular diapers (baby, adult incontinent), feminine hygiene products, shower curtains, brushes, mats, bathtubs, portable toilets, toothbrushes and bed panels.

III-5) Piping (cross-linked or not) for water, waste water and chemicals, wire and cable protection piping, gas, oil and waste water piping, roof gutters, downspouts and drainage systems.

III-6) Profiles of any geometry (window panels), cladding and siding.

III-7) Glass substitutes, particularly extruded slabs, glazing for buildings (monolithic, double or laminated), aircraft, schools, extruded sheets, window films for architectural glazing, trains, transport and sanitary products.

III-8) Slabs (walls, cutting boards), pit silos, wood substitute, plastic lumber, wood composites, walls, surfaces, furniture, decorative foils, flooring (interior and exterior products), flooring, removable decking and ceramic tiles .

III-9) Inlet and outlet manifold pipes.

III-10) Cement, concrete, composite products and coverings, siding and trim, handrails, railings, kitchen countertops, roofing material, roofing iron, ceramic tiles and tarps.

IV-1) Slabs (walls and cutting boards), shelves, artificial grass, artificial turf, artificial turf for stadium running circles (athletics), artificial floor for stadium running circles (athletics) and ribbons.

IV-2) Continuous and staple woven fabrics, fibers (carpets / sanitary products / geotextiles / monofilaments; filters; towels / curtains (lampshades) / medical products), bulk fibers (products such as dresses / protective clothing), nets, tackle, cables, strings, cord fabrics, threads, belts for special child seats, clothing, underwear, gloves; shoes; rubber boots, underwear, clothing items, swimwear, sportswear, umbrellas (small umbrellas, parasols), parachutes, paragliders, sails, balloon silk, products for outdoor recreation, awnings, air mattresses, deck chairs, bulk bags and packages.

IV-3) Membranes, insulation, roof coverings and seals, geomembranes, tunnels, temporary storage, ponds, wall and roof membranes, geomembranes, swimming pools, curtains (lampshades) / sun screens, awnings, awnings, wallpaper, packaging and wrapping food products (flexible and rigid), medical packaging (flexible and rigid), airbags/seat belts, armrests and headrests, carpets, center console, instrument panels, airplane cockpits, door, overhead console assembly, door trim, headliner , interior lighting, interior mirrors, luggage rack, luggage compartment curtain, seats, steering column, steering wheel, textile materials and luggage compartment lining.

V-1) Films (packaging, rigid packaging, open storage, lamination, bale wrapping, swimming pools, waste bags, wallpaper, packaging film, raffia, desalination film, batteries and connectors).

V-2) Agricultural films (greenhouse covers, greenhouse, multi-tunnel greenhouse, microgreenhouse, raspa y amagado greenhouse, multi-span, low-pass greenhouse, high greenhouse, mulch, silage film, silage bags, silage stretch, fumigation film , air bubble film, keder, SolaWrap greenhouse film, thermal curtain, bale wrap, stretch bale wrap, nursery, film sleeves), in particular with intensive use of agrochemicals; other agricultural products (for example, non-woven ground covers, nets (made from tapes, multifilaments and combinations thereof), tarpaulins. Such agricultural films may have either a single-layer or a multi-layer structure, usually consisting of three, five or seven layers. This can lead to to a film structure such as A-B-A, A-B-C, A-B-C-B-A, A-B-C-B-D, A-B-C-D-C-B-A, A-A-B-C-B-A-A. A, B, C, D represent various polymers and adhesion agents.However, adjacent layers can also be combined so that the final film product can be made of an even number of layers, that is, two, four or six layers, such as A-A-B -A, A-A-B-B, A-A-B-A-A, A-B-B-A-A, A-A-B-C-B, A-A-B-C-A -A, etc.

V-3) Tapes

V-4) Foam materials (sealant, insulation, barrier), mats for sports and recreation.

V-5) Sealants

VI-1) Packaging and wrapping of food products (flexible and rigid), BOPP, VORET, bottles.

VI-2) Storage systems such as boxes (crates), luggage, chest, home boxes, racks, containers, shelves, tracks, screw boxes, containers and cans.

VI-3) Cartridges, syringes, medical products, containers for any transportation, waste baskets and trash cans, waste bags, reservoirs, garbage bins, garbage bags, tanks on wheels, containers in general, containers for water / used water / chemicals / gas / oil / gasoline / diesel fuel; fuel tank linings, cartons, crates, battery boxes, chutes, medical devices such as piston, ophthalmic products, diagnostic devices and pharmaceutical blister packaging.

VII-1) Household products of any type (for example, electrical appliances, thermos flask/clothes hanger), fastening systems such as plugs, wire and cable clamps, zippers, clasps, locks and snap buttons.

VII-2) Support devices, leisure products such as sports and physical education devices, gymnastic mats, ski boots, roller skates, skis, bigfoot, athletic surfaces (for example, tennis courts); screw caps, tops and stoppers for bottles and jars.

VII-3) Furniture in general, foam products (pillows, shock absorbers), foams, sponges, kitchen towels, rugs, garden chairs, stadium seats, tables, sofas, toys, sets of components (boards/pieces/balls), houses for games, flip-flops and play vehicles.

VII-4) Materials for optical and magnetic data storage.

VII-5) Kitchen utensils (for eating, drinking, cooking, storing food).

VII-6) Boxes for CDs, cassettes and video tapes; electronic products for DVDs, stationery of any type (ballpoint pens, stamps and ink pads, mice, shelves, tracks), bottles of any size and content (for drinks, detergents, cosmetics, including perfumes) and adhesive tapes.

VII-7) Footwear (boots/shoe soles), insoles, gaiters, adhesives, assembly adhesives, grocery boxes (for fruits, vegetables, meat, fish), synthetic paper, bottle labels, sleeping pads, artificial joints (for humans ), printed circuit boards (flexographic), printed circuit boards and display devices.

VII-8) Polymer filling elements (talc, chalk, china clay (kaolin), wollastonite, pigments, carbon black, TiO ₂ , mica, nanocomposites, dolomite, silicates, glass, asbestos).

A molded artificial polymer product that is film, tube, cable, tape, sheet, container, frame, fiber or monofilament is preferred.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a thin film, typically produced using extrusion blown technology. Of particular interest are single-layer films or multi-layer films of three, five or seven layers. The most important application of thin plastic films is in agriculture as coverings for greenhouses and greenhouses for growing crops in a protected environment.

Another embodiment of the present invention is an extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition comprising

(1) a synthetic polymer and/or elastomer, and

(2) an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition which contains a compound of general formula (I).

The ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition, in particular a compound of general formula (I), is preferably present in the extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition in an amount of from 0.001 wt%. up to 10% wt., preferably from 0.005% wt. up to 5 wt.%, in particular from 0.005 wt.%. up to 2 wt.%, based on the weight of the extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition.

The extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition may contain at least one additional additive in an amount of from 0.001 wt%. up to 10% wt., preferably from 0.005% wt. up to 5 wt.%, in particular from 0.005 wt.%. up to 2 wt.%, based on the weight of the extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition. Examples are given below:

1. Antioxidants

1.1. Alkylated monophenols, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di -tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2 ,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example, 2,6-di- nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2, 4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol, and mixtures thereof.

1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

1.3. Hydroquinones and questioned hydroquinones, e.g. 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol , 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4 -hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.

1.4. Tocopherols, such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (vitamin E).

1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, e.g. 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl- 3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2, 6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

1.6. Alkylidenebisphenols, e.g. 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl -6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis( 4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2 '-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6- di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2.6 -bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1- bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3 -tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl] terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis( 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

1.7. O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, for example, simple 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6- dimethylbenzyl)dithioterephthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)sulfide, isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmercaptoacetate.

1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, e.g. dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) malonate, di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2- bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, e.g. 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert -butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

1.10. Triazine compounds, e.g. 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis( 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1, 3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di -tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di -tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine , 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

1.11. Benzylphosphonates, e.g. dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, calcium salt of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid monoethyl ester.

1.12. Acylaminophenols, e.g. 4-hydroxylauranylide, 4-hydroxystearanilide, octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate.

1.13. Esters of β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, n-octanol, mixture of linear or branched C7-C9 -alkanol, octadecanol, a mixture of linear or branched C13-C15 alkanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, pentaer ytrite, tris(hydroxyethyl )isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadedecol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.14. Esters of 3-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyols, e.g. methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, p-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol , 1,9-нонандиолом, этиленгликолем, 1,2-пропандиолом, неопентилгликолем, тиодиэтиленгликолем, диэтиленгликолем, триэтиленгликолем, пентаэритритом, трис(гидроксиэтил)изоциануратом, N,N'-бис(гидроксиэтил)оксамидом, 3-тиаундеканолом, 3-тиапентадеканолом, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; 3,9-bis[2-{3-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy}-1,1-dimethylethyl]-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane.

1.15. Esters of β-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1 ,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl -1- phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, for example, methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl- 1-phospha -2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

1.17. β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid amides, e.g. N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N' -bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2 -(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxamide (Naugard® XL-1 (RTM), available from Uniroyal).

1.18. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

1.19. Amine antioxidants, e.g. N,N'-di-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine , N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N. N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N' -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)phenylenediamine, N,N' -dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octylated diphenylamine, e.g. p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis(4- methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane , 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanidine, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octylated N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated isopropyl/isohexyldiphenylamines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamines, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-butyl/tert-octylphenothiazines, mixture of mono- and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazines, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-ene.

2. UV absorbers and light stabilizers

2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, e.g. 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2 -(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole,2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole,2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl) )benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-bis(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl )phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert- butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2 -(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]- 2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl) phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; transesterification product of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 3000; where R'=3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxy-5'-2H-benzotriazol-2-ylphenyl, 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-5'-( 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]benzotriazole; 2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-5'-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]benzotriazole.

2.2. 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'- dimethoxy derivatives.

2.3. Esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acids, e.g. 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl)resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert -butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.

2.4. Acrylates, e.g. ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-carbomethoxycinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl α-cyano-β -methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, methyl α-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamate, N-(β-carbomethoxy-β-cyanovinyl)-2-methylindoline and neopentyl tetra(α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate).

2.5. Nickel compounds, e.g. nickel complexes of 2,2'-thiobis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol], such as a 1:1 or 1:2 complex with or without additional ligands such such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyldiethanolamine, nickel dibutyl dithiocarbamate, nickel salts of monoalkyl esters, e.g. methyl or ethyl ester, 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzylphosphonic acid, nickel complexes of ketoximes, e.g. -hydroxy-4-methylphenylundecylketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxypyrazole with or without additional ligands.

2.6. Sterically hindered amines, e.g. bis(1-undecyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)carboxylic acid ester, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6 -tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate, condensate 1 -(2 -hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4- tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4- piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6 -tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpyreridyl)-2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di -tert-butylbenzyl)malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2 ,6,6-tetramethylpyrerid-4-yl)sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperid-4-yl)succinate, bis-[2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1- (undecyloxy)-piperidin-4-yl]carbonate, linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro- 1,3,5-triazine, condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis( 3-aminopropylamino)ethane, condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis (3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-( 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidone-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5 -dione, mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, condensate of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino -2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensate of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, as well as 4-butylamino- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS reg. No. [136504-96-6]); condensate of 1,6-hexanediamine and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, as well as N,N-dibutylamine and 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (CAS reg. no. [ 192268 64-7]); N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl- 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1- oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro-[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 1,1-bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyloxycarbonyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl )-ethene, N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenediamine, diester of 4-methoxymethylenemalonic acid with 1,2,2,6 ,6-pentamethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine, poly[methylpropyl-3-hydroxy-4-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]siloxane, a product of the reaction of a copolymer of α-olefin maleic anhydride with 2 ,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine or 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-butylamino]-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-1,3,5-triazine, 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6 ,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)oxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, Sanduvor (Clariant; CAS reg. No. 106917-31-1], 5-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-hydroxymethyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-2-morpholinone, reaction product of 2,4-bis-[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2, 6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-triazine with N,N'-bis-(3-amino-propyl)ethylenediamine), 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl- N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperizin-3-on-4-yl)amino)-s-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(N-cyclohexyl-N-(1,2,2 ,6,6-pentamethylpiperizin-3-on-4-yl)-amino)-s-triazine,

reaction products N,N'''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N',N''-dibutyl-N,N',N''-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)- 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine with 3-bromo-1-propene, oxidized, hydrogenated, N,N'''-1,6-hexanediylbis [N',N''-dibutyl- N,N',N''-tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine and combinations thereof.

2.7. Oxamides, e.g. 4,4,-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di- tert-butoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethoxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2' -ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxanilide, mixtures of o- and p-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides and mixtures of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.

2.8. 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazines, for example 2,4,6-tris(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy- 4-octioxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl) )-4,6-bis(4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3, 5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy -3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropyloxy)phenyl]- 4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy/tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4 -dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3, 5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxy)phenyl-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1 ,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4 -(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(4,6-bis-biphenyl-4-yl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-5-( 2-ethyl-(n)-hexyloxy)phenol.

3. Metal deactivators, for example, N,N'-diphenyloxamide, N-salicyl-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)hydrazine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl -4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis(benzylidene)oxalyldihydrazide, oxanilide, isophthaloyldihydrazide, sebacoylbisphenylhydrazide, N,N'-diacetyladipoyldihydrazide, N,N'-bis(salicyloyl)oxalyldihydrazide, N ,N'-bis(salicyloyl)thiopropionyl dihydrazide.

4. Phosphites and phosphonites, e.g. triphenyl phosphite, diphenyl alkyl phosphites, phenyl dialkyl phosphites, tris(nonylphenyl) phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, distearyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, diisodecyl pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4- di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-cumylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4- di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4' -biphenylene diphosphonite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenz[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxyphosphocine, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl -6-methylphenyl)methyl phosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethyl phosphite, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenz [d,g]-1,3,2-dioxyphosphocine, 2,2',2''-nitrilo[triethyltris(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl- 2,2'-diyl)phosphite], 2-ethylhexyl(3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyl-1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diyl)phosphite, 5-butyl- 5-ethyl-2-(2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenoxy)-1,3,2-dioxaphosphirane, phosphoric acid mixed with 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl and 4- (1,1-dimethylpropyl)phenyl triesters (CAS No. [939402-02-5], a polymer of triphenyl phosphate ester with alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxypoly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)]C10-16- alkyl esters (CAS No.[1227937-46-3].

The following phosphites are particularly preferred:

Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite (lrgafos®168, Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.), tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite,

5. Hydroxylamines, for example, N,N-dibenzylhydroxylamine, N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctylhydroxylamine, N,N-dilaurylhydroxylamine, N,N-ditetradecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dihexadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dioctadecylhydroxylamine, N- hexadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N-heptadecyl-N-octadecylhydroxylamine, N,N-dialkylhydroxylamine, derived from hydrogenated tallow amine.

6. Nitrones, for example, N-benzyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, N-ethyl-alpha-methylnitrone, N-octyl-alpha-heptylnitrone, N-lauryl-alpha-undecylnitrone, N-tetradecyl-alpha-tridecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl- alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-hexadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-pentadecylnitrone, N-heptadecyl-alpha-heptadecylnitrone, N-octadecyl-alpha-hexadecylnitrone, N-derived nitrone, N-dialkylhydroxylamine, a derivative of hydrogenated tallow amine.

7. Thiosynergists, eg dilaurylthiodipropionate, dimistrylthiodipropionate, distearylthiodipropionate and pentaerythritol tetraxis[3-(dodecylthio)propionate] or distearyl disulfide.

8. Peroxide scavengers, e.g. α-thiodipropionic acid esters, e.g. lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole or 2-mercaptobenzimidazole zinc salt, zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide, tetrakis pentaerythritol (β-dodecylmercapto )propionate.

9. Polyamide stabilizers, for example, copper salts in combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and divalent manganese salts.

10. Basic co-stabilizers, e.g. melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids, e.g. calcium stearate, zinc stearate, magnesium behenate , magnesium stearate, sodium ricinoleate and potassium palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate.

11. PVC heat stabilizer, such as mixed metal stabilizers (such as barium/zinc, calcium/zinc), organotin stabilizers (such as organotin mercaptoester, -carboxylate, -sulfide), lead stabilizers (such as tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead lead stearate, dibasic lead phthalate, dibasic lead phosphate, lead stearate), organic stabilizers and combinations thereof.

12. Nucleating agents, for example, inorganic substances such as talc, metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or magnesium oxide, phosphates, carbonates or sulfates, preferably alkaline earth metals; organic compounds such as mono- and polycarboxylic acids and their salts, for example 4-tert-butylbenzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid, sodium succinate or sodium benzoate; polymeric compounds such as ionic copolymers (ionomers). Particularly preferred are 1,3:2,4-bis(3',4'-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol, 1,3:2,4-di(paramethyldibenzylidene)sorbitol, and 1,3:2,4-di(benzylidene) sorbitol

13. Fillers and reinforcing agents, for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, glass beads, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite, wood flour and flour or fibers of other natural products , synthetic fibers.

14. A plasticizer, wherein said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, dipropyl heptyl phthalate, trioctyl trimellitate, tri(isononyl) trimellitate, epoxidized soybean oil, di(isonyl)cyclohexane-2-dicarboxylate, 2 ,4,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentadiol diisobutyrate.

The plasticizer used according to the invention may also include a plasticizer selected from the group consisting of phthalates, trimellitates, aliphatic diesters, polyesters, polymer epoxides, phosphates. In a preferred embodiment, said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of: butylbenzyl phthalate, butyl-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisohexyl phthalate, diisoheptyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate, diisotridic ylphthalate, diiso (C11, C12, C13) phthalate, di(n-butyl) phthalate, di(n-C7, C9) phthalate, di(n-C6, C8, C10) phthalate, diiso(n-nonyl) phthalate, di(n -C7, C9, C11) phthalate, di(n-C9, C11) phthalate, di(n-undecyl) phthalate, tri(n-C8, C10) trimellitate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, tri(isooctyl) trimellitate , tri(isononyl) trimellitate, di(n-C7, C9)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(isooctyl)adipate, di(isononyl)adipate, polyesters of adipic acid or glutaric acid and propylene glycol or butylene glycol or 2 ,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, epoxidized oils such as epoxidized soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, epoxidized tall oil, octyl epoxy tallate, 2-ethylhexyl epoxy tallate, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, di( 2-ethylhexyl)terephthalate, di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate and combinations thereof. In a particularly preferred embodiment, said plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of: diisohexyl phthalate, diisoheptyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate, diisononyl phthalate, diisodecyl phthalate, diisoundecyl phthalate, diisotridecyl phthalate, diiso(C11, C12, C13) phthalate, di(n-butyl)phthalate, di(n-C7, C9)phthalate, di(n-C6, C8, C10)phthalate, diiso(n-nonyl)phthalate, di(n-C7, C9, C11) phthalate, di(n-C9, C11) phthalate, di(n-undecyl) phthalate, tri(n-C8, C10) trimellitate, tri(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate, tri(isooctyl) trimellitate, tri(isononyl) trimellitate, di(n-C7, C9)adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, di(isooctyl)adipate, di(isononyl)adipate, polyesters of adipic acid or glutaric acid and propylene glycol or butylene glycol or 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol, epoxidized oils such as epoxidized soybean oil, di(isononyl)cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate, and combinations thereof.

15. Other additives, such as plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, rheology additives, catalysts, flow control agents, optical brighteners, flame retardants, antistatic agents and foaming agents.

16. Benzofuranones and indolinones, for example, disclosed in U.S. patent documents. 4,325,863; U.S. 4,338,244; U.S. 5,175,312; U.S. 5,216,052; U.S. 5,252,643; DE-A-4316611; DE-A-4316622; DE-A-4316876; EP-A-0589839, EP-A-0591102; EP-A-1291384 or 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2 -stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one, 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one], 5, 7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one, 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3 -(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxyphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one , 3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one, 3-(2-acetyl-5-isooctylphenyl)-5-isooctylbenzofuran-2-one.

With respect to the definition of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition containing a compound of general formula (I), reference is made to the information given above when discussing the technical details of the use of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition containing a compound of general formula (I).

The scope and interest of the invention will be better understood from the following examples, which are intended to illustrate certain embodiments of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

Examples

It should be appreciated that all of the methods described below can be similarly applied to other compounds of the invention.

Methods

Determination of_3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) methyl ester )-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

Operating range: the concentration of both compounds can be determined in the range of 0.02 -10 wt%.

Solvents: HPLC grade water, HPLC grade acetonitrile, HPLC grade tetrahydrofuran, HPLC grade tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate (TBAHS)

Column: Eclipse XDB C8 4.6 * 150 mm 5 microns

Mobile phase A: water - acetonitrile 9:1 + TBAHS 2 g/l.

Mobile phase B: acetonitrile - tetrahydrofuran 1:1

Flow: 1.1 ml/min

Injection volume: 10 µl

Oven temperature: 50°C

Detection wavelength: 302 nm

Calibration: Quantification was performed through single point calibration. Approximately 10 mg of the acid ester was weighed into a 100 ml brown glass volumetric flask and tetrahydrofuran was added. The sample was dissolved in an ultrasonic bath for approximately 5 minutes and the solution was analyzed. This solution was diluted 1:10 with THF.

Hydrolysis of compositions that absorb ultraviolet radiation

100 mg of the ultraviolet absorbent composition was dissolved in 100 ml of a solvent mixture (70 parts THF/30 parts 0.1 N NaOH) and added 2 to 3 drops of water. The sample must be completely dissolved, otherwise a few drops of water must be added. The mixture was heated at 50°C for 2 hours in an oven. After cooling to room temperature, 1 ml of this solution was transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask and THF was added. The content of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid was analyzed by HPLC.

Amount of covalently bound chromophore:

The amount of chromophore was calculated as % wt. 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid.

The amount of covalently bound chromophore was determined as follows:

HPLC analysis of the reaction product (determination of unbound chromophore)

HPLC analysis of the fully hydrolyzed reaction product (determination of unbound and bound chromophore)

Amount of covalently bound chromophore T (%):

Determination of E (1%/1 cm) at 343 nm - 344 nm using UV spectroscopy:

Spectrophotometer Lamda 950S (or equivalent)

Cell type: quartz, 10 mm

Reference: 1,4-dioxane

Temperature: approximately 25°C

Solvent: 1,4-dioxane, spectrophotometric grade

Preparation of test solutions: Approximately 25 mg of sample was weighed using an analytical balance into a 100.0 mL volumetric flask (Vs). It was filled to the mark with 1,4-dioxane. 10.0 ml (V) of this solution was diluted to 100.0 ml (Vf) with 1,4-dioxane. The absorbance of this solution was measured between 290 and 450 nm.

Calculation E (1%/1 cm):

Weighing w = in mg

Total volume of initial solution Vs

Used volume of initial solution V

Final volume of solution Vf

Cell d=10 mm

Maximum wavelength λ=343 nm

Measured absorbance at 343 nm A

Methanol determination using headspace gas chromatography with GC-MS mass spectrometry

Standard: methanol

Solvents: 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone = DMI

Automatic pipette: Agilent G 1888 Headspace

Temperature: oven: 100°C, loop type sample dispenser: 110°C, transfer line: 130°C

Shaking level: high

Pressure (psi): Media: 17.8 Bottle: 13.0

Duration (minutes) of vial equilibration: 30.0

Pressure: 3.00

Filling of loop type sample dispenser: 0.20

Loop sampler balancing: 0.05

Injection: 1.00

Gas Chromatograph: Agilent 6890

Injection technique: split-flow, 30 ml N/min.

Column: DB-VRX, 1.4 µm film thickness, 60 m × 0.25 mm

Carrier gas: He, 1.0 ml/min

Temperatures: Injector: 220°C

Oven: 2 min 50°C //10°C/min up to 260°C // isothermal mode 15 min

Detector: Agilent 5973 inert mass selective detector

EM Volts: 1718

Solvent delay: 0.00; detector shutdown: 15.0 min

Selected ion method: component ions, methanol 31

A standard calibration curve is obtained by plotting the methanol concentration versus the obtained peak area.

y = peak area

m = slope

x = methanol concentration (mg/100 ml)

b = cutoff segment y

x (mg/100 ml)=(y - b) / m

Molecular weight distribution by GPC (benzotriazole and polyglycerol conjugates IE1-IE10)

Method: Gel Permeation Chromatography with Refractometric Detection

Standards: EasiVial GPC/SEC Calibration standards

Standards PSS Catalog Number: PL2010-0201 Agilent

Solvents: HPLC grade tetrahydrofuran, analytical grade diethanolamine.

Device: Malvern Viscotek with refractometric detector

Chromatography conditions:

Column 1: PSS SDV 100,000 A, 8 x 300 mm, 5u.

Column 2: PSS SDV 1000 A, 8 x 300 mm, 5u.

Oven temperature: 40°C

Mobile phase: tetrahydrofuran + 3.7 g/l DEA

Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min.

Sample concentration: approximately 2 mg/ml in the same solvent mixture as the mobile phase.

Sizing: conventional sizing homopolymers.

Reference samples made of polystyrene.

Molecular weight distribution by GPC (benzotriazole and polyglycerol conjugates IE11, IE12)

Method: Gel Permeation Chromatography with Refractometric Detection

Standards: Agilent Polystyrene Reference Samples

EasiVial GPC/SEC Calibration Standards Agilent

Catalog number: PL2010-0401 & PL2010-0402

Solvent: HPLC grade tetrahydrofuran

Device: Agilent with refractometric detector

Chromatography conditions:

Column: Column 1 Agilent PLgel 5 µm Mixed-D 300 x 7.5 mm

Column 2 Agilent PLgel 5 µm Mixed-D 300 x 7.5 mm Catalog number PL1110-6504

Column temperature: 30°C

Mobile phase: tetrahydrofuran

Flow rate: 1.0 ml/min, Analysis time: 30 minutes, Injection volume: 50 µl, Calibration with Agilent polystyrene reference samples: Polystyrene Low EasiVials Agilent Catalog number PL2010-0401 and PL2010-0402

Sample preparation: Dissolve 25 mg of compound in 10 ml of THF. Samples should not be dissolved in an ultrasonic bath, but should be dissolved by shaking for one hour and left overnight in the dark before filling the vials.

Molecular weight distribution by GPC (polyglycerols, Table 1)

Method: Gel Permeation Chromatography with Refractometric Detection

Standards: Poly(ethylene glycol), PSS-peg1k (PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, D-55120 Mainz, Germany)

Mobile phase: water, 0.3 g/l NaN ₃

Column 1: PSS Suprema, 8x300 mm, 5u, 30 angstrom

Column 2: PSS Suprema, 8x300 mm, 5u, 1000 angstroms

Column 3: PSS Suprema, 8x300 mm, 5u, 1000 angstroms

Oven temperature: 30°C

Flow: 1.0 ml/min

Injection volume: 50 µl

Sn determination using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Sample preparation was carried out by wet ashing under pressure in PTFE vessels: approximately 200 mg of sample was treated with 3 ml of HNO ₃ at approximately 150°C for six hours and cooled to room temperature. The resulting solution was diluted with deionized water to a final volume of 20 mL and directly subjected to ICP-AES measurements.

Calibration was performed using an external standard method using commercially available elemental standard solutions. A typical instrument would be a Varian Vista Pro ICP-AES spectrometer or an Agilent 5100 ICP-AES spectrometer.

Specific wavelengths to evaluate are Sn, 189.924 nm for quantitative evaluation, and 133, 138, 143, 146, and 284 nm to test for possible interference.

Synthesis technique

1. Obtaining polyglycerols

Various polyglycerols (or polyglycerol alkyl esters) can be prepared as described in patent literature WO 2002 036534, US 2002 0058781, JP 02172938 and US 6620904. The catalyst used is CaO, Na ₂ CO ₃ or Ca(OH) ₂ . If necessary, glycerol, diglycerol and other low molecular weight fractions can be removed from the reaction product to achieve a certain quality, for example, by molecular distillation. The characteristics of polyglycerols are given in Table 1.

Polyglycerols (or alkyl esters of polyglycerol) are also available from Lonza AG, Sakamoto Yakuhin Kogyo Co. Ltd., Spiga Nord S.p.A., Evonik Industries AG.

2. Preparation of polymer compositions that absorb ultraviolet radiation (UVRAP)

IE1: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-14

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (630.6 g) was loaded into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a reflux condenser (120°C ) and stirring. The temperature was set to 190° C. to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. Once 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester was completely melted, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1.94 g) was added and the reactor evacuated to 860 mbar. Polyglycerol-14 (204.05 g) was loaded over 1 hour, while maintaining the reaction temperature at 185 - 195°C. Methanol was distilled off. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 5 - 8 mbar at 195°C and the reaction mass was stirred for 64 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition (754 g) was obtained as a yellow to amber glassy solid. Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE2: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-10

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (630.5 g) was loaded into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a reflux condenser (120°C ) and stirring. The temperature was set to 176° C. to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. Once 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester was completely melted, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (1.82 g) was added and the reactor evacuated to 860 mbar. Polyglycerol-10 (187.61 g) was loaded over 1 hour while maintaining the reaction temperature at 185 - 195°C. Methanol was distilled off. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 5 - 8 mbar at 195°C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, a yellow to amber glassy solid was obtained. 737 g of the ground solid was dissolved in 512 g of ethyl acetate and mixed with 560 g of methanol to form an emulsion. Without further stirring, the emulsion separated into two layers (16 h). The bottom layer was removed and transferred to a rotary evaporator. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo/150°C gave the product as a yellow to amber glassy solid (663 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

The UV spectrum of the composition absorbing ultraviolet radiation (solvent - dioxane) is presented in Fig. 1.

IE3: Product of esterification of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid with polyglycerol-14 monostearate

Polyglycerol-14 monostearate (253.41 g) was charged into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet, reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (1.89 g) was added at 120°C. 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid (682.5 g) was loaded in portions into a glass reactor. The temperature was set to 175-195°C to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 5 - 8 mbar at 195°C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing polymer composition was obtained as a yellow to amber glassy solid. Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE4: Product of esterification of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid with polyglycerol-14 monostearate

Polyglycerol-14 monostearate (211.76 g) was charged into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet, reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (1.87 g) was added at 183°C. 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid (625.0 g) was loaded in portions into a glass reactor.

The temperature was set to 175-195°C to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 5 - 8 mbar at 195°C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 40 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing polymer composition was obtained as a yellow to amber glassy solid. Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE5: Product of esterification of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid with polyglycerol-6

Polyglycerol-6 (211.76 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 105°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid (48.1 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.46 g) was added. The temperature was set to 130° C. to suspend 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 mbar at 104-132°C and the reaction mass was stirred for 20 hours at 126-132°C, and 3 hours at 126-163°C until the concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazole- 2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1 ,5%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (82.7 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE6: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-I,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-6

Polyglycerol-6 (20.06 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 105°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (48.2 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.56 g) was added. The temperature was set to 120° C. to suspend 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 - 4 mbar at 150-194°C (5 hours) and the reaction mass was stirred for 16 hours at 194°C until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (63.0 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE7: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-6

Polyglycerol-6 (40.19 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 136-142°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (48.3 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.53 g) was added. The temperature was set to 120-140°C to dissolve 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 - 5 mbar at 150-196°C (5 hours) and the reaction mass was stirred for 21 hours at 193-196°C until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazole-2- yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.5 %. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (82.3 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE8: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-3

Polyglycerol-3 (40.2 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 120-140°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (48.0 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.49 g) was added. The temperature was set to 130° C. to suspend 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 mbar at 140-195°C (3 hours) and the reaction mass was stirred for 20 hours at 180-195°C until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet radiation absorbing polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (80 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE9: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-3

Polyglycerol-3 (20.1 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 120-144°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (48.1 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.51 g) was added. The temperature was adjusted to 130-145° C. to suspend 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 mbar at 154-195°C (3 hours) and the reaction mass was stirred for 20 hours at 180-195°C until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (62 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE10: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-3

Polyglycerol-3 (7.19 g) was loaded into a glass vessel equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120°C) and stirring. At 120-140°C, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (48.25 g) was loaded in portions into a glass vessel. Tin(II)-2-ethylhexanoate (0.48 g) was added. The temperature was set to 140° C. to suspend 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 3 mbar at 140-195°C (3 hours) and the reaction mass was stirred for 16 hours at 180-195°C until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl) -5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 5.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition was obtained as a waxy solid (49.8 g). Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

IE11: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-14

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (306.0 kg) was loaded into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet and a reflux condenser (120°C ) and stirring. The temperature was set to 195° C. to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. Once 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester had completely melted, the reactor was evacuated to 850 mbar and tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (20) was added .0 kg). Molten polyglycerol-14 (105.0 kg) was loaded over 1-2 hours, while maintaining the reaction temperature at 185 - 190°C. Methanol was distilled off. After this, the vacuum was gradually reduced to 5 - 8 mbar at 195°C and the reaction mixture was stirred for 72 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) -4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, the ultraviolet absorbent polymer composition (384 kg) was obtained as a yellow to amber glassy solid. The results of HPLC analysis are shown in Tables 2a and 2b. Additional characteristics are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

Amount of covalently bound chromophore: 75.8% - 0.6% = 75.2% (chromophore defined as 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid ).

IE12: Transesterification product of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester with polyglycerol-104 (Spiqa)

3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester (632.6 g) was loaded into a glass reactor equipped with a nitrogen inlet, a reflux condenser (120 - 125 °C) and stirring. The temperature was set to 200° C. to melt 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester. Once 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid methyl ester was completely melted, tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (0.79 g) was added. Polyglycerol-104 (607.0 g) was loaded over 70 min while maintaining the reaction temperature at 197-200°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 21 hours at 200 - 225°C (methanol was distilled off). After this, a vacuum was established (gradiently to 7 mbar at 223°C) and the reaction mass was stirred for 3.5 hours until the total concentration of methyl ester 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1- dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid did not fall below 1.0%. The composition of the reaction mixture was monitored using HPLC. After cooling to ambient temperature, a brown waxy solid (1156 g) was obtained. Additional characteristics are shown in Table 4.

The molecular weight distribution (MWD) of samples IE1-IE10 is determined according to a different method than for samples IE 11 and IE12, as described above.

Application examples:

In the following example, "%" and "parts" mean "% by weight" and "parts by weight" respectively, unless otherwise noted.

(RTM) = Registered Trade Mark

Example 1: Aging of thermoplastic polyolefins

Obtaining the test sample:

The composition components listed in Tables 5a, 5b and 5c are pre-mixed in a high-speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in a Berstorff® ZE 25x32D twin-screw extruder at 230°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The entire composition is then injection molded at 230°C on an Engel HL65 injection molding machine. The injection molded plates (68 mm × 44 mm × 2 mm) are stored at elevated temperatures at 150°C. The parameters measured are tack according to PV1306, 3-point bending strength and color change (gray scale and Delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

The injection molded plates are also subjected to artificial weathering in accordance with the Volkswagen Norm PV1306 (Stickiness Test) standard (xenon light, illuminance 40 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 80 ° C, relative humidity 20% +/- 10%.) and Volkswagen Norm PV3930 (Florida test) (xenon light, illumination 60 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 65°C, relative humidity 35-45% +/- 5 %). The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, color change (gray scale and delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

RR/TRO = Borealis DaplenEE013AE (RTM)

Basic stabilization for all compositions: 0.05% Calcium Stearate + 0.15% Irganox B 215 (RTM)

Erucamide = Croda CrodamideER-MB-GD (RTM)

HALS1 = BASF Tinuvin770 (RTM)

HALS2 = BASF Chimassorb2020 (RTM)

UVA 1 = BASF Chimassorb81 (RTM)

UVA 2 = BASF Tinuvin234 (RTM)

UVA 3 = BASF Tinuvin312 (RTM)

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin326 (RTM)

UVA 5 = BASF Tinuvin PA 328 (RTM)

UVA 6 = BASF Tinuvin 1577 (RTM)

UVA 7 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

Example 2: Aging ABS

Obtaining the test sample:

The composition components listed in Tables 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are pre-mixed in a high-speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in a Berstorff® ZE 25×32D twin-screw extruder at 230°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The entire composition is then injection molded at 230°C on an Engel HL65 injection molding machine. Injection molded plates (68 mm × 44 mm × 2 mm) are stored at elevated temperatures at 80°C. The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, 3-point bending strength and color change (gray scale and Delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

The injection molded plates are also subjected to artificial weathering in accordance with the Volkswagen Norm PV1306 (Stickiness Test) standard (xenon light, illuminance 40 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 80 ° C, relative humidity 20%+/-10%) and Volkswagen Norm PV3930 (Florida test) (xenon light, illumination 60 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 65°C, relative humidity 35-45%+/-5% ). The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, color change (gray scale and delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

Basic stabilization for all compositions: 0.15% BASF Irganox B 900 (RTM)

HALS1 =BASF Tinuvin 770 (RTM)

HALS2 =BASF Chimassorb 2020 (RTM)

HALS3 =BASF Uvinul 4050 (RTM)

UVA 1 = BASF Chimassorb 81 (RTM)

UVA 2 = BASF Tinuvin 234 (RTM)

UVA 3 = BASF Tinuvin 312 (RTM)

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin 326 (RTM)

UVA 5 = BASF Tinuvin PA 328 (RTM)

UVA 6 = BASF Tinuvin 1577 (RTM)

UVA 7 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

Example 3: Aging PC, PC/ABS or ABS/PC

Obtaining the test sample:

The composition components listed in Tables 7a, 7b, 7c, 8a, 8b, 9a and 9b are pre-mixed in a high-speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in a Berstorff® ZE 25×32D twin-screw extruder at 230°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The entire composition is then injection molded at 230°C on an Engel HL65 injection molding machine. Injection molded plates (68 mm × 44 mm × 2 mm) are stored at elevated temperatures at 140°C. The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, 3-point bending strength and color change (gray scale and Delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

The injection molded plates are also subjected to artificial weathering in accordance with the Volkswagen Norm PV1306 (Stickiness Test) standard (xenon light, illuminance 40 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 80 ° C, relative humidity 20%+/-10%) and Volkswagen Norm PV3930 (Florida test) (xenon light, illumination 60 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 65°C, relative humidity 35-45%+/-5% ). The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, color change (gray scale and delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin 326 (RTM)

UVA 6 = BASF Tinuvin 1577 (RTM)

UVA 7 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

UVA 9 = BASF Tinuvin 360 (RTM)

UVA 10 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 11 = BASF Uvinul 3030 (RTM)

AO 1 = BASF Irganox B 215 (RTM)

AO 2 = BASF Irganox B 900 (RTM)

AO 3 = BASF Irganox 1076 (RTM)

AO 4 = BASF Irganox 3114 (RTM)

P1 = BASF Irgafos 168 (RTM)

P2 = BASF Irgafos 12 (RTM)

ABS/PC = Covestro Bayblend T 45 (RTM)

HALS3 = BASF Uvinul 4050 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

UVA 9 = BASF Tinuvin 360 (RTM)

UVA 10 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 11 = BASF Uvinul 3030 (RTM)

AO 1 = BASF Irganox B 215 (RTM)

AO 2 = BASF Irganox B 900 (RTM)

ABS/PC = Covestro Bayblend T 65 XF (RTM)

HALS1 = BASF Tinuvin 770 (RTM)

HALS2 = BASF Chimassorb 2020 (RTM)

HALS3 = BASF Uvinul 4050 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

UVA 9 = BASF Tinuvin 360 (RTM)

UVA 10 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 11 = BASF Uvinul 3030 (RTM)

AO 1 = BASF Irganox B 215 (RTM)

AO 2 = BASF Irganox B 900 (RTM)

Example 4: Aging PET

Obtaining the test sample:

The composition components listed in Tables 10a and 10b are premixed in a high speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in a Berstorff® ZE 25×32D twin-screw extruder at 260°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The entire composition is then injection molded at 230°C on an Engel HL65 injection molding machine. Injection molded plates (68 mm × 44 mm × 2 mm) are stored at elevated temperatures at 160°C. The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, 3-point bending strength and color change (gray scale and Delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

The injection molded plates are also subjected to artificial weathering in accordance with the Volkswagen Norm PV1306 (Stickiness Test) standard (xenon light, illuminance 40 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 80 ° C, relative humidity 20%+/-10%) and Volkswagen Norm PV3930 (Florida test) (xenon light, illumination 60 W/ ^m2 at 300-400 nm, black panel temperature 65°C, relative humidity 35-45%+/-5% ). The measured parameters are tack according to PV1306, color change (gray scale and delta E*) and gloss at 60°.

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

PET = Eastman VersaTray 12822 (RTM)

Basic stabilization for all compositions: 0.05% BASF Irganox 245 (RTM) + 0.1% BASF Irgafos 168 (RTM)

HALS1 =BASF Tinuvin 770 (RTM)

HALS2 =BASF Chimassorb 2020 (RTM)

UVA 1 = BASF Chimassorb 81 (RTM)

UVA 2 = BASF Tinuvin 234 (RTM)

UVA 3 = BASF Tinuvin 312 (RTM)

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin 326 (RTM)

UVA 5 = BASF Tinuvin PA 328 (RTM)

UVA 6 = BASF Tinuvin 1577 (RTM)

UVA 7 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

UVA 8 = BASF Tinuvin P (RTM)

UVA 12 = BASF Tinuvin 928 (RTM)

UVA 13 = BASF Tinuvin 120 (RTM)

UVA 14 = Cytec Cyasorb UV-3638 (RTM)

UVA 15 = Clariant Hostavin PR-25 (RTM)

UVA 16 = Clariant Hostavin PR-31 (RTM)

Example 5: Aging of polyethylene film

Obtaining the test sample:

The components of the composition listed in Table 11 are pre-mixed in a high-speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in an OMC 19×25D twin-screw extruder at 200°C. The entire composition is then extruded to form films by casting at 220°C on a Collin E 30 M 30x25D film casting machine to produce 120 micron thick films. The films are exposed to artificial weathering in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 (xenon light, boron/boron filter, illumination 0.5 W/m ² at 340 nm, black panel temperature 65 ° C, relative humidity 65%+/ -10%, 102 min wet / 18 min cycle in the dark) and ASTM G154 cycle 2 UV-B (Q-panel, illuminance 0.78 W/ ^m2 at 313 nm, black panel temperature 70 ° C in the light, temperature of the black panel is 50°C in the dark). The measured parameters are time to increase in carbonyl index by 0.1 units and retention of elongation.

The example according to the invention IE11 shows excellent results.

LDPE = Versalis Riblene FC 30 (RTM)

HALS 2 = BASF Chimassorb 2020 (RTM)

UVA 1 = BASF Chimassorb 81 (RTM)

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin 326 (RTM)

UVA 7 = BASF Tinuvin 1600 (RTM)

Example 6: Aging of plasticized PVC sheet

Obtaining the test sample:

200 g of Ca/Zn PVC premix is mixed with the additives listed in Table 12 for 20 minutes in a Rhoenrad mixer. 200 g of this mixture are calendered in a two-roll mill (Schwabenthan D-1) and homogenized at 150-160°C for 7 minutes. Sheets with a thickness of 400 microns are obtained. The sheets are subjected to artificial weathering in accordance with DIN EN ISO 4892-2 cycle 1 (xenon light, boron/boron filter, illuminance 0.5 W/ ^m2 at 340 nm, black panel temperature 65°C, relative humidity 65%+/ -10%, 102 min wet / 18 min cycle in the dark) and ASTM G154 cycle 2 UV-B (Q-panel, illuminance 0.78 W/m ² at 313 nm, black panel temperature 70 ° C in the light, temperature of the black panel is 50°C in the dark). The measured parameters are tensile strength and color change (yellowness index and delta E*).

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

Pre-mix Ca/Zn PVC = 64.73% NORVINYL S7060 (RTM) / 32.36% Palatinol N (RTM) / 1.61% Drapex 39 (RTM) / 1.30% Baerostab CT9063 (RTM)

HALS 4 = Octadecanoic acid methyl ester, reaction products with 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol

UVA 1 = BASF Chimassorb 81 (RTM)

UVA 5 = BASF Tinuvin 328 (RTM)

Example 7: Aging of polyethylene (PE) sheets produced by rotational molding

Obtaining the test sample:

The components of the composition listed in Table 13 are pre-mixed in a high-speed mixer. This mixture is mixed in an extruder, with rotation in one direction, Leistritz 25 mm at 230°C. The resulting granules are crushed using a 35 mesh reduction crusher. The entire composition is then rotomolded at a maximum temperature of 240°C on an LRM 1000 STP Rotomachinery. Cut out the plates. The plates are subjected to artificial weathering according to ASTM G-155A. Additionally, migration from the plates to the food simulator is studied. The parameters measured are impact strength, color change (yellowness index and delta E*) and food simulant extraction.

Examples according to the invention IE11 and IE12 show excellent results.

Base LDPE stabilization for all compositions: 0.035% BASF Irganox 3114 (RTM) + 0.12% BASF Irgafos 168 (RTM) + 0.05% BASF Irgastab FS-042 (RTM) + 0.04% BASF Hycite 713 (RTM) + 0.02% Zinc Stearate

HALS2 = BASF Chimassorb 2020 (RTM)

UVA 4 = BASF Tinuvin 326 (RTM).

Claims (29)

1. Use of an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition as a light stabilizer for a molded article made of an artificial polymer, wherein the polymer is a synthetic polymer and/or a natural elastomer, and wherein the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition includes a compound of general formula (I) where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II) where R2 represents H or halogen. 2. Use according to claim 1, wherein the compound of general formula (I) has an average molecular weight (Mw)>300 Da. 3. Use according to claim 1, wherein the compound of general formula (I) has an E 1% 1 cm (343-344 nm)>200 nm. 4. Use according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition further includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl) methyl ester -4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid, methanol and tin. 5. Application according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid methyl ester and/or 3-(2H-benzotriazol- The 2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition. 6. Application according to claim 4, wherein the sum of the concentrations of 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid and 3-(2H-benzotriazol-2) methyl ester -yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid in the ultraviolet absorbent composition is ≤5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the ultraviolet absorbent composition. 7. Use according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of tin in the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition is <700 ppm. 8. Use according to claim 1, wherein the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition is substantially free of tin. 9. Use according to claim 4, wherein the concentration of methanol in the ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition is <3000 ppm. 10. Application according to one of paragraphs. 1-9, wherein the compound of general formula (I) contains covalently bound chromophores of formula (II) in an amount of >70% by weight, based on the total weight of the compound of formula (I). 11. A molded article of artificial polymer, wherein the polymer is a synthetic polymer and/or a natural elastomer, and wherein the polymer contains an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition that includes a compound of general formula (I) where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1 wherein R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II) where R2 represents H or halogen. 12. The artificial resin molding of claim 11, which is an extruded, cast or calendered artificial polymer molding. 13. The artificial polymer molded article of claim 11, which is a film, tube, cable, tape, sheet, container, frame, fiber or monofilament. 14. An extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition for producing a molded article from an artificial polymer, containing (1) a synthetic polymer and/or a natural elastomer, and (2) an ultraviolet radiation absorbing composition which contains a compound of general formula (I) where n and m, independently of each other, represent a number from 0 to 20, and at least one of m and n is ≥1; and X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 are the same or different and are independently selected from H, C(O)R1, where R1 is alkyl of 8-24 carbon atoms, or groups of general formula (II) where R2 represents H or halogen. 15. The extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition according to claim 14, wherein the compound of general formula (I) is present in an amount of from 0.001 to 10% by weight, based on the weight of the extruded, cast or calendered polymer composition.