RU2807006C1 - Electrochromic translucent device for active glare reduction and excess insolation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electric devices.

SUBSTANCE: electrochromic translucent devices that provide simultaneous active suppression of glare, along with control of excess insolation. A product with an electrochromic effect, when voltage is applied from an external source by a light modulator, has surface areas that are independently powered through a set of electrically isolated planar electrodes, materials and a range of thicknesses. At the same time, the materials of the individual structural components of the proposed product, their thickness and position relative to each other, as well as relative to the window structure on which the product is applied, are designed in such a way that the product has a set of required spectrophotometric qualities of sections of its total surface in terms of uniform distribution of modulating the value of integral light transmission, as well as providing the effects of simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation.

EFFECT: active suppression of exterior glare.

1 cl, 8 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to anti-glare equipment structurally associated with windows and windshields, namely electrochromic translucent devices that provide simultaneous active glare suppression, along with control of excess insolation.

Translucent electrochromic devices are known that have a varying intensity of transmission of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelength ranges, including the visible part of the spectrum, depending on the magnitude and polarity of the voltage applied to the device. Such electrochromic devices can be used in a wide range of different applications, in particular as light filters, displays, anti-glare rear view mirrors for transport, etc., and are currently becoming increasingly common among users.

Of particular interest is the use of such devices as part of translucent structures of vehicles, as well as facade glazing of buildings, to ensure simultaneous suppression of glare and control of excessive insolation of internal spaces.

T.N. “smart” windows with integrated electroactive devices based on electrochromic modules can be configured by the user by adjusting the magnitude and/or polarity of the applied voltage to transmit that part of the incoming solar radiation at which the optimal level of comfort for using the room will be achieved while reducing excess exterior insolation. It should be noted that the specific installation and operating conditions impose on electrochromic modules used in architectural and transport applications special requirements for the stability of the manifested qualities of chromium plating during numerous cycles of switching between extremes - the so-called. contrast - the values of the achieved light transmission in conditionally colored and conditionally transparent states. Modern electrochromic modules used in translucent structures for building applications and in vehicles are stable enough to withstand several thousand to tens of thousands of switching between contrast extremes without loss of chrome plating contrast value. Examples of such devices are described, for example, in US patents No. 5598293, No. 9759975, No. 5699192, No. 6277523, as well as RF patents No. 2569913; No. 2224275.

The term "electrochromic module" in the following description of the invention refers to the directly completed product having the ability to exhibit electrochromism through changes in intensity, color, phase, polarization, optical functions and/or direction of light when an electrical voltage is applied to its elements. In turn, the term “electrochromic device” in the following description and claims refers to a composite device that includes both the electrochromic module itself - one or more - as an element of its design that directly exhibits electrochromic functions, and all the auxiliary components required to ensure operation devices within the framework of a specific possible application - architectural glazing, automotive, display and other possible ones. These include, for example, current leads for applying external voltage to the electrochromic modules of the device, structural elements used for mounting the device, for example, structural frames, frame fittings, dampers, guides, etc.

Fundamentally, electrochromic modules most often represent a multilayer thin-film structure of several individual functional layers of various materials, deposited on a translucent substrate, or enclosed between two adjacent substrates of a translucent material. The operating principle of an electrochromic device made on the basis of such a multilayer electrochromic module is based on the reversible electrochemical intercalation of a layer that functions as an acceptor electrode at a given polarity of voltage applied to the electrochromic module from an external source, with radical ions from the opposite electrode thin-film layer, which performs at a given polarity of voltage applied to the electrochromic module from an external source. The polarity of the applied voltage functions as a counter electrode. The module layer undergoing intercalation has significantly different values of the refractive index (n) and extinction index (k) in the intercalated and reduced states. As a result, when an electrochemical reaction occurs, the so-called the process of “coloring” the electrochromic module - either with a decrease in the total light transmission intensity of the entire thin-film structure (if the acceptor electrode demonstrates higher absorption in the intercalated state, in this case we can say that the electrochromic module is “default” - i.e. without application of the actuation potential - “transparent”), or, on the contrary, with an increase in the total value of the light transmission intensity of the entire thin-film structure (if the acceptor electrode demonstrates higher absorption in the reduced state, in this case we can say that the electrochromic module is “default” - i.e. without application of a response potential - “colored”). The widespread use of multilayer thin-film electrochromic devices operating on this principle is associated with the advantages of their production - substances from a wide range of suitable materials can be selected for use as components of functional layers, and their various combinations make it possible to implement solutions with a different set of resulting characteristics. Examples of solutions based on multilayer thin-film electrochromic modules include the inventions described, for example, in US patents No. 9939662; No. 9921450; No. 7372610, RF patents No. 2528841; No. 2587079.

However, vehicles and buildings may have structures such as windows and mirrors that could potentially allow glare from external objects to enter the eyes of those inside. This is especially dangerous if such glare gets into the eyes of people driving vehicles, since the latter can temporarily blind them directly while the vehicle is moving, which will lead to a potentially dangerous situation for both the driver and passengers of the vehicle itself, and for those present. nearby other people. Sun shades and window tinting can be used to reduce glare somewhat, but can be cumbersome and ineffective. It is especially critical that the latter are not active means of glare suppression, i.e. ensuring their suppression in accordance with the current level of external insolation of the entire surface of the translucent structure in order to provide the maximum comfortable value for the observer located in the interior of the integral light transmission of the structure in the visible wavelength range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

As a result, there is now also a need for technical solutions that protect from glare and are structurally coupled with windows and windshields, which would provide simultaneous active glare suppression, while simultaneously controlling excess insolation of interiors across the entire translucent glazing surface. Examples of such solutions are US patents No. 6811201; No. 11130391; No. 6309004; No. 5305012; No. 5541762; No. 20060175859; No. 20120019891; No. 20140362428.

The closest to the claimed solution in terms of the set of features is US patent No. 11130391, which describes a glare-suppressing system associated with external light sources falling on a vehicle and containing: a sensor that collects information about the location of the eyes of people in the interior; first light source; second light source; and a light modulator including a photochromic layer, wherein the photochromic layer comprises a material that selectively darkens when exposed to light from a first light source and selectively fades when exposed to light from a second light source, and the light modulator is configured to selectively expose an area of the photochromic layer to light from the first and a second light source, wherein the exposed area is at least partially based on information about the location of the eyes of people in the interior.

This technical solution, however, has a number of significant disadvantages, leading to the fact that it does not allow achieving simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare, along with comfortable control of excess insolation through the entire total glazing surface, i.e. such that it is possible to adjust the transmission of most of the entire translucent glazed surface of that part of the incoming solar radiation, at which the optimal level of comfort in using the room will be achieved at a given level of exterior insolation at each moment of time, incl. along with saving the electricity consumed for interior lighting and optimally long-term use of daylight hours, as well as maintaining maximum comfortable transparency of that area of the surface of the translucent structure through which observation is carried out in the solid viewing angle of the person driving the vehicle, in the case of transport application of the solution -, and namely: the use, according to the list of independent claims of the said patent, of photochromic solutions as part of a light modulator, i.e. a medium that changes the intensity of transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the visible wavelength range, depending on the intensity and frequency of insolation of its surface also with electromagnetic radiation of different wavelength ranges (mainly ultraviolet) from an external source, is associated with a significant reduction in contrast (i.e., the modulus of the difference in magnitude the maximum and minimum achievable integral light transmission in the bleached and colored state of the medium, respectively) of a light modulator, which, as the authors themselves note in the description of the patent in question, fundamentally cannot exceed the modulus of the difference in the integral radiation intensities from the external, glare-generating light source, and the insolation intensity of the surface photochromic layer with a source activating its coloring.

In addition, what is most critical, this technical solution, according to the graphic materials given in the said patent, fundamentally does not allow maintaining during operation the maximum achievable value of light transmission in the peak, in terms of power, region of the visible part of the spectrum of sunlight radiation of the light-transmitting structure for the most part area of its total translucent surface, which limits the area of comfortable viewing, from the point of view of excess insolation from external sources entering the interior, when using the proposed solution, and the uneven distribution over the visible range of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the contrast of the value fundamentally achievable using the technical solution proposed by the authors is associated with distortion of the shade of transmission and internal reflection of the translucent structure in the painted state of the chrome-plated component and maximizes the filter effect in relation to transmitted radiation, which is extremely undesirable from the point of view of optimizing the means of aesthetic expression when using translucent structures while controlling excess insolation through them in the development of the design of architectural projects and transport funds. In addition, the latter eliminates the comfort of using exterior translucent structures with the proposed optochromic structural solutions while providing the interiors only with external sunlight during daylight hours, i.e. when the use of optochromic technological solutions in the process of bringing them to a colored state is most effective.

Thus, at present, it is especially important to satisfy the need for technical solutions that simultaneously provide both active suppression of glare and control of excessive insolation of interiors through light-transmitting structural elements of buildings and vehicles in such a way that aimed at such simultaneous active suppression of glare with control excess insolation, the modulation of light transmission was also characterized simultaneously by a sufficiently high level of the contrast range of at least 40% and a uniform level of distribution over the visible range of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation while maintaining the possibility of maintaining the maximum achievable value of light transmission in the peak, in terms of power, region of the visible part of the spectrum of sunlight radiation of the light-transmitting structure over most of the area of its total translucent surface.

The technical result of the present invention is aimed at providing modulation of the integral light transmission value uniformly distributed over the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm with a level of uniformity of at least 28% modulo for light-transmitting structural elements of buildings and vehicles, such as windows and windshields glass, in such a way as to provide simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation in a contrast range of at least 40% while maintaining the maximum achievable value of light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm for at least 50% of the total area of the transparent surface of the light-transmitting structural element.

Achieving a technical result according to the present invention is ensured by the fact that an electrochromic translucent device is proposed for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation, containing a light modulator, including a material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, selected from the group of oxides and hydroxides of transition metals of groups VI-VIII of the periodic table, as well as oxides and hydroxides of their alloys, oxides, nitrides and hydrides of elements of even rows 4-6 periods of groups IV and V of the periodic table, as well as salts of perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphate and triphenyl cyanoborates of alkali and alkaline earth metals III -VIII groups of the periodic table, while the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current is no more than 28 cm, and the electrochromic translucent device also contains less than four planar current-conducting electrodes electrically insulated from each other, consisting of oxides of bi-metallic alloys of elements selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, F, Zn, Al, Ga, Ti, and planar current-conducting electrodes electrically insulated from each other the electrodes are adjacent in pairs on two opposite sides directly to part of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device in such a way that the geometric location of all points of application of planar current-conducting electrodes electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the light modulator divides the entire surface area of the electrochromic translucent device into at least two parts, wherein the planar current-conducting electrodes, electrically isolated from each other, have a thickness of 40 to 780 nm and are made with the possibility of connecting an external power source to them in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual rating not exceeding the safe value the limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the interface of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it; in this case, an electrochromic translucent device for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation is applied directly to windows and windshields in such a way that the light modulator included in its composition with all electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface are facing inside the interior .

The use in the present invention as part of an electrochromic light modulator that changes the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric voltage of a material selected specifically from the group of oxides and hydroxides of transition metals of groups VI-VIII of the periodic table, as well as oxides and hydroxides of their alloys, oxides , nitrides and hydrides of elements of even rows 4-6 periods of groups IV and V of the periodic table, as well as salts of perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphate and triphenyl cyanoborates of alkali and alkaline earth metals of groups III-VIII of the periodic table, due to the fact that for the purpose of electrochemical intercalation reaction, causing coloring electrochromic material, this layer, first of all, should represent a medium for ion transport during the electrochemical reaction of the modulator. For this reason, the material of this layer must first of all be, on the one hand, an insulator with respect to electric current, and on the other, it must have the properties of ionic conductivity. In addition, the material of this layer must have values of optical function values at which, for layer thicknesses that provide the length of the optical path in it for radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm, lying in the range of permissible values defined and explained below, the occurrence of interference processes will be ensured when passing through the medium of the modulator of electromagnetic radiation from external sources, contributing to the possibility of achieving the technical result declared in the present invention from the point of view of both maximizing the amount of light transmission at a given wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in the extreme bleached state of contrast of the electrochromic translucent device, and, while also satisfying the conditions on the material, quantity and thickness of planar conductive electrodes of an electrochromic translucent device, electrically insulated from each other, described and explained below, the level of uniformity of distribution across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation modulation of the value of integral light transmission, also according to the claimed technical result of the present invention, amounting to at least 28% the value of the integral light transmission. Moreover, as it was empirically revealed, the latter is true for the wavelength range from 320 nm to 810 nm: since the indicated wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation accounts for the maximum absorption of the described electrochromic translucent device when it is converted by applying an electric current voltage to a colored state. All of the above list of qualities are possessed by the materials of the indicated group, suitable for changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric voltage, the materials of the light modulator of the described electrochromic translucent device, where the dielectrics are transition metals of groups VI-VIII of the periodic table, even rows 4-6 periods IV and V groups of the periodic table, as well as alkali and alkaline earth metals of groups III-VIII of the periodic table in the form of specifically salts of perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates and hexafluorophosphate and triphenyl cyanoborates are characterized by ionic conductivity in the range from about 20 Ohm ^-1 ⋅m ^-1 to about 70 Ohm ^-1 ⋅m ^-1 in the temperature range of 20-250°C, and their poisoning by the reaction gas component (-O for oxides, -N for nitrides, -OH for hydroxides, respectively, etc.) in turn ensures the achievement of the qualities of an electrical insulator. In addition, ensuring the presence of the gas component of the material through, respectively, oxidation, nitridation or hydration of the metal component allows achieving a balance of refractive index and extinction values of the layer material at a level of from about 1.84 units to about 2.67 units and from about 9⋅10 ^-5 units to approximately 7.12 units, respectively, at the desired wavelength of 530 nm. This, in turn, makes it possible to realize the broadening of the maximum spectral absorption band of the described electrochromic translucent device to the marked values of the order of 320 nm on the left edge of the absorption intensity spectrum, where the absorption intensity directly reaches values of no higher than 80%, for the case of maintaining the thickness of the light modulator material , which changes the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, ensuring the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the material environment is no more than 28 cm, which makes it possible to achieve a general broadening of the absorption band at a maximum up to absolute values of the order of 500 nm when the band boundaries are located in the range from 320 nm to 810 nm, as well as the module contrast level at the absorption maximum according to the technical result of the present invention. Thus, the electrochromic translucent device for actively suppressing glare and controlling excess insolation according to the present invention must contain a light modulator comprising a material that changes the amount of light transmittance in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of an electric voltage and is selected from the group of transition metal oxides and hydroxides VI- VIII groups of the periodic table, as well as oxides and hydroxides of their alloys, oxides, nitrides and hydrides of elements of even rows 4-6 periods of IV and V groups of the periodic table, as well as salts of perchlorates, tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphate and triphenyl cyanoborates of alkali and alkaline earth metals of III-VIII groups of the periodic table , due to which a uniform distribution over the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the modulation of the magnitude of the integral light transmission in the wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm is achieved with a level of uniformity of at least 28% modulo value, as well as ensuring maximum light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm with a range of electrochromic color contrast devices over 40% in accordance with the claimed technical result of the present invention.

In this case, as noted above, the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric voltage should not exceed 28 cm. This requirement is due to the fact that, with the also noted above, empirically determined value of the extinction coefficient of the above listed and explained list of applicable, changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric voltage, light modulator materials of the proposed electrochromic translucent device, ranging from about 9⋅10 ^-5 units to about 7.12 units for the entire list at a wavelength of 530 nm, if the specified maximum length of the optical path of radiation of a given wavelength, responsible for the peak position on the solar insolation spectrum, is exceeded, the value of the integral absorption both directly at the same wavelength and throughout in the desired wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm will already be excessively high from the point of view of the possibility of both maintaining the uniformity of the distribution over the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation modulation of the magnitude of the integral light transmission in the wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm with a level of uniformity over 28% modulo magnitude, and from the point of view that when the specified value of the optical path length of the radiation exceeds the peak wavelength in the spectrum of solar insolation, the actual thickness of the light modulator will be so great that the thickness of its medium will be characterized by an extremely high spectral absorption characteristic at wavelengths above about 450 nm in as a result of the occurrence of resonant oscillatory processes on inter-orbital electronic transitions in the course of overcoming electromagnetic radiation from external sources of the thickness changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of the voltage of the electric current of the material. As a result, the value of the integral light transmittance of the described electrochromic translucent device in a bleached-non-intercalated state, firstly, will be lower than the absolute value of 60%, and secondly, as a particular consequence of this, the achievement of the level of optical contrast exhibited by the device for simultaneous control of excess insolation , along with the active suppression of exterior glare, characterized by a value of over 40%, according to the technical result, the implementation of which the present invention is aimed at, at the upper limit of the limit of the integral value of the optical transmittance of a bleached electrochromic device will be fundamentally impossible. Based on these factors, a requirement was developed for the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, which should be no more than 28 cm.

In addition, as also noted above, the described electrochromic translucent device must also contain at least four planar conductive electrodes that are electrically isolated from each other. These planar current-conducting electrodes, electrically isolated from each other, are necessary to ensure current supply when connecting the light modulator to an external power source to implement the functioning of its light transmission value in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of the voltage of the electric current of the material within the final operating device. That is why they, also, according to the proposed invention, must be introduced in pairs into contact from two opposite sides directly with part of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device, due to which their - electrodes and modulator - mutual electrical contact is ensured, and, due to also mutual electrical insulation planar current-conducting electrodes in contact with the light modulator from each other, the possibility of creating a potential difference between pairs of electrodes, in which intercalation transport of charge carriers occurs in an environment that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of the voltage of the electric current of the material, which is directly responsible for the coloring/bleaching of the modulator light from an electrochromic translucent device. Due to the described functionality, these electrodes must simultaneously have high electrical conductivity, characterized by a low coefficient of surface resistance not exceeding several tens of ohms per square, as well as transparency with respect to visible light over the entire surface area of the electrodes, in order to ensure the possibility of maximizing the contrast of the electrochromic device for by reducing the contribution from the absorption of radiation in the visible wavelength range on the electrically conductive materials of the electrodes in the reduced (bleached) state of the device. These requirements, in turn, firstly explain the need to ensure the planarity of conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other, in order to eliminate parasitic absorption on them due to multi-angle effects of refraction of radiation coming to their surface from an external source.

In addition, the electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes according to the present invention should consist of bi-metal alloy oxides of elements selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, F, Zn, Al, Ga, Ti. These materials, which make up the group of so-called. transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) meet two key requirements for conductive electrodes within the framework of the present invention: transparency with respect to radiation in the visible range of the spectrum, due to the large band gap of approximately 3.5-4 eV, as well as their high electrical conductivity, comparable to metal, characterized by surface resistance from several units of ohms per square to approximately 20-30 ohms per square, due to the alloying component of the oxide alloy acting as a donor of free electrons. In addition to providing the required electrical conductivity qualities, the use of bi-metallic alloys of the listed elements also provides additional stabilization of the main metal component of the alloy by alloying, which helps to achieve increased resulting stability of the described conductivity qualities of the electrodes during operation of the electrochromic translucent device through its coloring/bleaching in the range of achievable contrast. Thus, electrically isolated from each other planar conductive electrodes included in the electrochromic translucent device according to the present invention should consist of oxides of bi-metal alloys of elements selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, F, Zn, Al, Ga, Ti , and adjoin in pairs on two opposite sides directly to part of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device.

Providing as part of the design of the described translucent device at least four planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other, adjacent in pairs on two opposite sides directly to part of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device in such a way that the geometric location of all points of overlap are electrically isolated from each other planar current-conducting electrodes on the surface of the light modulator divide the entire surface area of the electrochromic translucent device into at least two parts, as well as making them with the ability to connect an external power source to them in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual rating, is aimed at the fact that, in this way, due to the above-mentioned requirement for the electrical insulation of each individual planar current-conducting electrode from all others, the possibility of applying a control that causes an electrochemical reaction of intercalation of coloring/bleaching of a part of the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, voltage between each individual a pair of planar current-conducting electrodes located on two opposite sides of a part of the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, including the condition that adjacent areas of the surface of the light modulator, limited by the surfaces of pairs of electrically insulated planar current-conducting electrodes superimposed on them, can simultaneously with this, remain under zero potential difference between the electrodes. As a result, by applying at least two pairs of at least four, according to the requirement of the present invention, planar conductive electrodes in such a way that the geometric location of all points of application of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the light modulator divides the entire surface area electrochromic translucent device into at least two parts, provides the possibility of achieving the technical result claimed according to the present invention in relation to maintaining the above-mentioned maximum achievable value of light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm for at least 50% of the total area of the transparent surface of the light-transmitting structural element on which describes an electrochromic translucent device for active glare suppression and control of excess insolation.

In turn, the requirement to ensure the thickness of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other in the range from 40 to 780 nm is associated with the following set of reasons: if the thickness of the planar conductive electrode is less than 40 nm, the value of electrical conductivity provided by this planar electrode will be too small to implement effective current injection into the described light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device from an external power source necessary to maintain electrochemical metabolic processes in the light modulator for active operation of the electrochromic translucent device during active suppression of glare and coloring/bleaching of the device in the process of controlling excess insolation. Moreover, if the thickness of the planar current-conducting electrode exceeds 780 nm, planar electrodes made from materials listed and explained above, such large thicknesses, being conductors of the first kind, will be characterized by an extremely high spectral absorption characteristic at wavelengths from about 515 nm as a result of acts of resonant oscillatory processes on interorbital electronic transitions during the overcoming of electromagnetic radiation from external sources of glare and exterior insolation of the thickness of the material of the planar current-conducting electrode. As a result, the value of the integral light transmittance of the described electrochromic translucent device in a transparent state will be lower than the value of 40%, due to which the achievement of the contrast range exhibited by the device while simultaneously actively suppressing exterior glare along with control of excess insolation, characterized by at least 40%, according to the technical result, the implementation of which the present invention is aimed at, will be fundamentally impossible. Based on these factors, a requirement was developed for the range of permissible thicknesses of electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes, which should range from 40 to 780 nm.

As noted above, the described planar current-conducting electrodes, electrically isolated from each other, are made with the possibility of connecting an external power source to them in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual rating, since, thus, it is possible to apply a control , causing an electrochemical reaction of intercalation of coloring/discoloration of a part of the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, voltage between each individual pair of planar conductive electrodes located on two opposite sides of a part of the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, including the condition that adjacent areas of the surface of the modulator light, limited by the surfaces of pairs of electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes superimposed on them, can simultaneously remain under a zero potential difference between the electrodes. In this case, the electric current voltage of an individual nominal value supplied to each of the planar current-conducting electrodes electrically isolated from each other should not exceed the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the fall voltage at the boundary of the contact of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it.

The voltage applied to the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device through electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes from an external power source is designated as the control voltage for controlling the optical switching of the device U control _. It should be noted that the actual value of the control voltage supplied to the light modulator from the power source through planar current-conducting electrodes electrically isolated from each other at each moment of time during the process of optical switching of the electrochromic device from the initial optical state to the final optical state differs from the actual value the resulting effective potential difference U _eff. between the areas of reversible introduction of light modulator ions that act as counter electrodes in relation to each other due to the inevitable voltage drop across the total ohmic resistance of the assembly of a pair of electrically isolated planar current-conducting electrodes adjacent on two opposite sides to part of the surface of the light modulator and the light modulator device itself R _full . In this case, the value of the total ohmic resistance of the specified assembly R _{is total.} consists, in turn, collectively of the individual resistance values of each of its individual functional elements: the total surface ohmic resistance of the surface of the electrochromic device (hereinafter - R _surface ), the total ohmic resistance of the areas of reversible introduction of light modulator ions (hereinafter - R _o.v.i ) and parasitic electrical resistance of the ion-conducting medium of the modulator; and can be determined with sufficiently high accuracy and preset as the resistance measured between a pair of electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes adjacent on two opposite sides to part of the surface of the light modulator, which are directly adjacent on two opposite sides to part of the surface of the light modulator , and, accordingly, with areas of reversible introduction of ions, and, also as a consequence, are located on two opposite sides of the material, which is an ion-conducting medium, thus limiting it to each other. In this case, the key factor in the implementation of the claimed technical result is the provision of optical switching of the described electrochromic translucent device by applying control voltage U control to electrically isolated from each other planar conductive electrodes _. at each moment of time during the optical switching of the device from the initial optical state to the final optical state in such a way that the corresponding value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between the regions of reversible introduction of light modulator ions acting in relation to each other as counter electrodes, the maximum value was limited by the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, which corresponds, according to the above considerations, independent supply to each of the planar conductive electrodes of an electric current voltage of an individual nominal value, not exceeding, respectively, the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the modulator contact boundary light with a corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it. The latter is a direct factor in the long-term stability of the described electrochromic translucent device in terms of maintaining the level of its absolute contrast during numerous cycles of switching between extreme positions of optical contrast corresponding to the claimed technical result of the present invention. Thus, when creating an effective potential difference leading to switching of the optical state between the regions of the reversible introduction of ions of the light modulator, which act as counter electrodes, it is necessary to remain within the voltage value of the reversible limit of charge injection of the materials used in a particular light modulator that change the amount of light transmission in the visible electromagnetic range spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, which prevents the consistent accumulation of implantation defects in the counter-electrode regions of the light modulator, affecting the loss of their ability to further accumulate ions and, as a consequence, to an irreversible parasitic decrease in the optical contrast of the operated electrochromic translucent device as a whole; and also, as a consequence of this requirement, it will not additionally be allowed to apply an increased effective voltage relative to that required to maintain a leakage current between the reversible ion injection regions acting as counter electrodes, sufficient to charge the reversible ion injection regions with an excess charge during operation of the light modulator, which would lead to degradation of the electrochromic qualities of the materials used, which change the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current, areas of reversible introduction of ions in the thickness of the light modulator of the electrochromic device due to accompanying dissipative thermal effects. As a result, according to the above requirements, it is necessary that the planar current-conducting electrodes of the described electrochromic device, electrically isolated from each other, be made with the ability to connect an external power source to them in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual rating, not exceeding, at the same time, the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the interface of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it.

In this case, an electrochromic translucent device for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation is applied directly to windows and windshields in such a way that the light modulator included in its composition with all electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface are facing inside the interior . This solution makes it possible to further increase the stability of the described electrochromic translucent device from the point of view of the chemomechanical stability of the product as a whole, since the entire complete structure of the above-described and explained materials of its components is, in this case, protected from negative external influences and contact with the external environment by the thickness of the glass. The use of glass as an optically transparent substrate for placement on it by applying the described electrochromic device in such a way that the light modulator included in its composition with all electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface are facing the inside of the interior also additionally allows meet the performance requirements in relation to the final assemblies of electrochromic devices based on the described materials, which change the amount of light transmittance in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of an electric current voltage, a light modulator, such as their compressive strength, i.e., for example, when exposure is expected on the arrangement of excessive wind loads in a number of exterior architectural and transport applications as part of assemblies of translucent structures, as well as hardness as a scratch resistance characteristic, which is of great importance, for example, from the point of view of stability of assemblies of translucent structures using electrochromic devices based on the described modulator materials light in relation to the erosive effects of fine suspensions of solid particles such as sand in the air, also occurring in certain special cases of potential exterior architectural and transport applications. In the case of the described placement of an electrochromic device by applying it directly to windows and windshields with the circulation of the light modulator included in its composition with all electrically insulated planar current-conducting electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface into the interior, it is possible to achieve the final compressive strength values assembly from about 1000 MPa to about 8000 MPa, as well as surface hardness values of external, directly adjacent to the interior volume of electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes adjacent to parts of the surface of the light modulator, amounting to about 5-8 units on the Mohs scale, depending on the specific type used as an optically transparent glass substrate.

This solution also makes it possible to additionally ensure the hardness of the surface of the electrochromic light modulator device included in the design, which, with the specified option of location on the surface of interior or transport glazing, for example, fluorine-silicate or sodium-silicate glass, is about 5-8 units on the Mohs scale, depending on the specific type of glazing material used. At the same time, the totality of other characteristics of the described electrochromic device is preserved in terms of uniformity of distribution and position on the spectrophotometric characteristic of the device relative to the range of 400-720 nm of the visible part of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, modulation of the value of the integral light transmission provided by the device during operation, as well as the level of the contrast range of the described electrochromic device while maintaining the maximum achievable value of light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm for at least 50% of the total area of the transparent surface of such a light-transmitting structural element on which the device is located, which, as a consequence, makes it possible to fully satisfy the technical result of the present invention stated above and ensures the ability to achieve simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation during operation of the described electrochromic translucent device.

Below is an example of a specific implementation of the proposed invention. As part of this, an electrochromic translucent device was manufactured for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation, applied to the surface of window glass in a double-glazed unit. In FIG. 1-A shows a schematic diagram of the end section of a double-glazed window assembly; The double-glazed unit consisted of two sheets of plane-parallel window sodium silicate float glass M1, 4 mm thick and measuring 1.5 m by 0.7 m, brand Pilkington TEC 15 (1), separated by a gas gap (4) 16 mm thick, filled with an argon mixture Ar and atmospheric air in a ratio of 80% and 20%, respectively. At the same time, according to the schematic diagram presented in Fig. 1-A, the electrochromic translucent device described in this example of a specific implementation was located on the first - from the exterior - sheet of glass of the double-glazed window assembly on its side facing the gas gap of the double-glazed window, due to which, as a consequence, the condition for reversing the entire structure of the electrochromic translucent device, including the light modulator included in its composition with all planar conductive electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface, electrically isolated from each other, inside the interior.

As also noted in the circuit diagram in FIG. 1-A, the design of the specific implementation of the electrochromic translucent device described in this example for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation includes, made in the form of separate layers adjacent to each other: a light modulator (3), changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, as well as, to supply this external voltage of electric current that controls the optical switching of the light modulator, eight electrically insulated planar current-conducting electrodes directly adjacent to the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device - in pairs, four with each sides of the light modulator layer (one such typical pair is shown in the schematic diagram of a cut of a double-glazed unit in Fig. 1-A - (2) - located in such a way that the geometric location of all points of application of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the light modulator divides the entire surface area of the electrochromic translucent device, as well as, accordingly, the entire area of the glass sheet of the above linear dimensions on which the device is placed, into four equal parts (as shown by the dotted line in the schematic diagram of the plane of the described electrochromic translucent device in FIG. 1-B).

The light modulator of the described electrochromic translucent device was made from nickel-doped substoichiometric tungsten oxynitride W(Ni)O _x N _y by condensation of a composite bimetallic tungsten-nickel target sputtered in a magnetron discharge plasma in a mixed reaction atmosphere of argon Ar, which acted as a sputtering component of the plasma-forming gas mixture , as well as oxygen O ₂ and nitrogen N ₂ , which acted as, respectively, the reaction components of the gas mixture. In this case, the composition of the bi-metallic tungsten-nickel target was selected in such a way that the degree of doping of the condensed material of the light modulator was 22 at.%, and the partial concentration of the three specified components of the reaction plasma-forming gas mixture, in turn, was maintained in such a way that the resulting the stoichiometry of the specified light modulator material of the described electrochromic translucent device - nickel-doped substoichiometric tungsten oxynitride W(Ni)O _x N _y - at the x level from about 0.86 to about 0.92 units, and y from about 1.64 to about 1.89 units as part of a series of experiments with several obtained samples, which was monitored throughout the condensation process of the specified material by means of in-situ spectrophotometry of the witness sample in real time in the wavelength range from 295 nm to 1340 nm.

In this case, the thickness of the light modulator in the framework of this example of a specific implementation was controlled by an ultrasonic satellite sensor through control of the duration of exposure of the condensed material of the modulator to the magnetron discharge plasma and ranged from 740 nm to 838 nm, also within the framework of a series of experiments with several obtained samples, satisfying such In the manner stated and explained above, the condition is that the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage should be no more than 28 cm.

At the same time, eight planar current-conducting electrodes directly adjacent to the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, electrically isolated from each other, described in this example of a specific implementation consisted of tin oxide doped with fluorine (fluorine tin oxide - FTO) and were obtained by the method of chemical temperature-catalyzed condensation of planar electrode layers (CVD) onto the underlying surface during the process of spray-pyrolytic synthesis of material from a mixture of precursors, which were ammonium fluoride NH ₄ F and dibutyl tin diacetate DBTDA, at a pyrolysis temperature of 150° for all electrodes C, followed by post-annealing at a temperature maintained for all electrodes in the range of 270-350°C, so that their resulting thickness ranged from 120 to 180 nm, respectively.

Connecting an external power source to electrically isolated from each other planar conductive electrodes in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual nominal value, not exceeding the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the contact boundary of the light modulator with the corresponding planar current-conducting electrode adjacent to it, was carried out along different-pole for each pair of planar current-conducting electrodes located directly opposite each other on different sides of the light modulator - load channels through current-carrying busbars applied directly to the outer surfaces of each electrode relative to the thickness of the material forming the light modulator medium, the nickel-doped substoichiometric tungsten oxynitride W(Ni)O _{x Ny} . Each of the two different-polar current-carrying busbars used in such a complementary pair of electrodes was a copper tape 200 microns thick and 25 mm wide, made in an “L” shape along the entire perimeter of the glass substrate (I.), relating to part of the surface area of the described electrochromic translucent devices for actively suppressing glare and controlling excess insolation occupied by a corresponding planar conductive electrode, as shown in FIG. 1-B. The tape was applied to the corresponding conductive surface of the electrode in such a way that the distance from each of the edges of its surface was 1 cm. In this case, the current-carrying busbar, applied to the conductive surface of the corresponding electrodes from the side of the glass substrate, was located on the glass substrate prior to the deposition of the electrically insulated material. from each other planar conductive electrodes according to the method described above. As a measure of additional fixation, the different-pole current-carrying busbars placed on the conductive surfaces of complementary electrodes were fixed in a given position using adhesive Kapton (poly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) tape DuPont Kapton Tare.

The following measurement indicators were used as feedback: control voltage U _control. between current-carrying busbars; current through electrochromic device I; as well as the temperature of the electrochromic device T. Voltage measurements were carried out directly at the points of connection of the supply wires from the current-carrying busbars to the load outputs using a hardware voltmeter as a means of measuring voltage; with its help, an amperometric measurement of the current was also carried out, carried out by measuring the voltage across a known shunt resistance connected in parallel to the electrochromic device. The temperature of the electrochromic device was measured using a thermocouple sensor, also connected via a shunt to a hardware voltmeter, and the thermocouple leads were fixed at a distance of 12 mm towards the center of the surface of the electrochromic device from one of the shorter sides of one of the current-carrying buses, using the same Kapton adhesive tape, which was also used to fix the corresponding current-carrying busbar.

Control of the supply to each of the electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes of an electric current voltage of an individual nominal value so that it does not exceed the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, with taking into account the voltage drop at the boundary of the contact of the light modulator with the corresponding planar current-conducting electrode adjacent to it was carried out through a feedback circuit with the processor, and to transfer the transmission to the latter for processing the measured values of the control voltage U control _. directly from an external power source, the current through the electrochromic translucent device I, the temperature of the electrochromic translucent device T and the duration of the optical switching of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device t, a chain of operational amplifiers was used, which acted as a cyclic basis as part of the power supply circuit of the device. The processor polled external sensors through its feedback circuit with a cyclic basis and was carried out periodically: for values of control voltage U control _. , as well as the temperature of the translucent device T - every 0.4 s; and for the current through the electrochromic translucent device I, as well as the duration t of the optical switching of the light modulator - every 200 ms. The accuracy of voltage stabilization on the current source power controller was no less than 0.01 V in the range from 0.15 V to 0.20 V and 0.005 V in the range from 0.20 V to 4.05 V.

At the same time, the processor calculated the value of the electrical control voltage U _control. , applied between different-pole current-carrying busbars, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between complementary pairs of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other, acting as counter electrodes in relation to each other, taking into account the limitation on the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, on the one hand, and the value of the maximum voltage drop along the limited geometric location of all points of contact of the light modulator with the corresponding adjacent planar conductive electrode U _min. on the other hand, as well as intermediate auxiliary calculations of the corresponding values of the total ohmic resistance (for, directly, assessing the corresponding voltage drop) of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.cy , its amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit of redox potential U _max. and the strength of the leakage current, characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U control _. to an electrochromic translucent device with total ohmic resistance R _total. , based on the measured values of the control voltage U control _. , current strength I, temperature of the electrochromic device T and optical switching duration of the light modulator t. If the processor of the device determines that the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic translucent device has reached a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _control. to an electrochromic device with a given total ohmic resistance R _total. , the processor initiates shutdown of the control voltage application U _control. to different-pole current-carrying busbars through resistive voltage relief from the load. In addition, the initiation of resistive voltage drop from the load was carried out by the processor according to its operating program if the measured temperature of the electrochromic device T reached a value outside the range of -80 to +165°C.

Configuration of the processor to match a specific instance of the load (connected controlled electrochromic device) was carried out by entering preset parameters of the implemented control method: a linear function of the dependence of the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic device T, the value of the maximum potential drop along the limited geometric location of all points of contact of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it U _min. , total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic device R _total. , specified by approximation by exponential regression of the coefficients of the exponential charge-time functional dependence of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.c.u. on the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic device from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic device T, as well as the function of calculating the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U control _. to an electrochromic device with total ohmic resistance R _total. .

The preset parameters used in this example specific implementation are shown in the table below:

In this case, the form of the linear dependence function U _max. (T) was determined through preliminary cyclic voltammetry experiments on electrochromic devices obtained in a series of experiments within a specific implementation example. These preliminary experimental voltammetric measurements were carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic device, measured using a thermocouple located in the medium of the light modulator material, the registration of temperature detection for which was subsequently used directly during the operation of the device described in the example, and amounted to +23.03 ° C and + 61.34°C; moreover, the larger of these temperatures was maintained by IR heating of the electrochromic device, and the smaller one was the temperature of the electrochromic device when it was in normal laboratory conditions without additional external thermal influence. Subsequently, the desired functional dependence was obtained by direct linearization over a set of two points (U _max.; T).

The total ohmic resistance of an electrochromic translucent device, depending on the duration of the process of switching the part of the light modulator surface adjacent to a complementary pair of planar conductive electrodes, to which voltage is applied from an external control power source, from the initial optical state to the final one, as well as on the temperature of the electrochromic device, was also previously determined during experiments on cyclic voltammetry of an electrochromic translucent device, within the framework of which the type of functional dependence U _{max characteristic of the specific device used in this example was also previously identified.} (T). It is obvious that the experimental curve of the dependence of the output of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.c.u. to saturation depending on the optical switching duration R _{of the e.s.c.} (t) can be obtained by shifting the graph of the dependence of the total ohmic resistance of an electrochromic device on the duration of application of a constant external voltage to it from a power source during cyclic voltammetry experiments by shifting the latter by an offset value equal to the value of the previously determined constant term as described above in R _complete .

Evaluation of the performance characteristics of an electrochromic translucent device implemented according to this example of practical implementation to ensure simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation was carried out by bringing one of the four areas of its light modulator, limited on both sides by one of the complementary pairs of electrically isolated planar electrodes from each other into the painted state by supplying the electrodes with an electric current voltage from an external control power source that is the highest achievable at any given time during the process of painting the nominal value in accordance with the above principle of controlling the power supply controller by a processor designed for this purpose. After that, transmission spectrophotometry of areas of the surface of the electrochromic device was carried out - in the area of coloring of the light modulator (area A according to Fig. 2) and in the region geometrically opposite to it that maintains a bleached state (area B according to Fig. 2) - in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 350 to 1050 nm. The source of the spectrophotometer, while, as conventionally shown in Fig. 2 was located directly behind the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the colored part of the light modulator, and on the opposite side, relative to the entire described package assembly, from the detector, which, as is also conventionally shown in Fig. 2, moved in the described cycle of spectrophotometric measurements relative to the entire surface of the electrochromic device from the center of the region of its surface, which included the colored part of the light modulator, to the center of the region of its surface, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a bleached state, opposite, geometrically, colored. The transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device to which the colored part of the light modulator belongs is shown in FIG. 3, and the transmission spectrum of the surface region of the electrochromic device, to which the part of the light modulator that remained in the bleached state belonged, geometrically opposite to the colored one, is presented in FIG. 4.

Estimation of the integral parameters of the transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the colored part of the light modulator shown in Fig. 3, in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 400 to 720 nm demonstrates a deviation of the transmission amplitude from 7.67 abs.% T to 14.38 abs.% T; Thus, the level of uniformity of modulation across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the specified wavelength range of the integral light transmission value is 6.71%. In turn, the assessment of the integral parameters of the transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state, geometrically opposite to the colored one, shown in Fig. 4, in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 400 to 720 nm, demonstrates a deviation of the transmission amplitude from 78.66 abs.% T to 83.99 abs.% T; Thus, the level of uniformity of modulation across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the specified wavelength range of the integral light transmission value is 5.33%. As a result, the electrochromic translucent device described according to the given example of a specific implementation satisfies the claimed technical result of the present invention in terms of the uniformity of distribution across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the modulation value of the integral light transmission in the wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm with a level of uniformity of not less than 28% modulo value.

In this case, the integral total light transmittance Tvis of the surface area of the electrochromic device, to which the painted part of the light modulator belonged, was 11.33%, and the integral total light transmittance of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state, opposite, geometrically, colored, amounted to , respectively, 80.70%, taking into account the above-mentioned relative location of the spectrophotometer source - acting, in this case, due to its location, as a point source of possible exterior glare in relation to the surface area of the electrochromic device to which the colored part of the light modulator belonged , as well as the source of insolation in relation to the area of the surface of the electrochromic device to which the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state belonged, geometrically opposite to the colored one - and its detector. In turn, the registered value of light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm Tpnt(530) in the area of the surface of the electrochromic device, which included the colored part of the light modulator, was 10.01%, and the registered value of light transmission at a wavelength of 530 nm Tpnt(530) in the area of the surface of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state and was geometrically opposite to the colored one, amounted to 80.70%, respectively, which, as can be seen from the corresponding spectrum in FIG. 4 is the maximum in the entire spectral range of visible radiation for the specific implementation of an electrochromic translucent device described in this example.

Thus, it is shown that the electrochromic translucent device described in this example specific implementation also provides simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation in the contrast range above 40% - namely 69.37% - while maintaining the maximum achievable light transmittance at wavelength 530 nm for more than 50% - namely 75% - of the total area of the transparent surface of the light-transmitting structural element: within the framework of this example of a specific implementation of an insulating glass assembly.

As another example of a specific implementation of the present invention, an electrochromic translucent device was manufactured for active glare suppression and control of excess insolation, applied to a part of the surface of the windshield of a car (1 in Fig. 5-A), made of sodium silicate float glass of M1 thickness 6 mm and measuring 1530 mm by 907 mm, painted with a diagonal of 1530 mm, Pilkington OptiFloat Clear. At the same time, according to the schematic diagram presented in Fig. 5-B, the electrochromic translucent device described in this example of a specific implementation was located at half the full height of the surface of the specified windshield of a car on its inner side, due to which, as a consequence, the condition was ensured for the circulation of the entire structure of the electrochromic translucent device, including that included in its composition is a light modulator with all planar current-conducting electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface, electrically isolated from each other, inside the interior.

As also noted in the circuit diagram in FIG. 5-A, the design of the specific implementation of the electrochromic translucent device described in this example for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation includes, made in the form of separate layers adjacent to each other: a light modulator (3), changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage, as well as, to supply this external voltage of electric current that controls the optical switching of the light modulator, six electrically insulated planar current-conducting electrodes directly adjacent to the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device - in pairs (the pair is shown in the cut devices on the circuit diagram in Fig. 5-A (2), three on each side of the light modulator layer - located in such a way that the geometric location of all points of application of electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes on the surface of the light modulator divides the entire surface area electrochromic translucent device into three parts, the total area of one of which is equal to the sum of the total areas of the remaining two, which in turn are equal to each other (the insulation zones of the electrodes on the glass surface area are indicated in Fig. 5-B with a dotted line).

The light modulator of the described electrochromic translucent device was made from a solution of 0.015 M lithium perchlorate mixed with 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate, 0.008 M 5,10-dihydro-5,10-dimethylphenazine, 0.010 M 1,1'-dibenzyl-4,4'- dipyridinium diperchlorate and 0.0030 M 1,1''-(1,3-propanediyl)bis[1'-methyl-4,4'bipyridinium] tetraperchlorate and stabilized in the base-forming polymer matrix of a methacrylic unsaturated oligomeric-monomer composition, which was used 45 vol.% "Acrolat-18", dissolved with 50 vol.% propylene carbonate - an inert aprotic solvent. At the same time, the following were used as stabilizing impurity components in the preparation of the above-mentioned base-forming polymer matrix for the light modulator material of the described electrochromic translucent device:

- photoinitiator 0.005M 2,2-dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one,

- adhesive - 2 vol.% 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane,

- optical brightener: 0.001M terphenyl,

- plasticizer - 3 vol.% diethyl phthalate;

In this case, the light modulator was formed on a glass substrate by extrusion of components pre-mixed in the indicated proportions under pressure, followed by stabilization of the polymer matrix, which, in turn, was ensured by exposure to ultraviolet radiation, with an irradiation intensity of 10 W/m ² in the range of 320-400 nm in for 90 minutes, and then in a heat chamber at 70°C.

In this case, the thickness of the light modulator in the framework of this example of a specific implementation was controlled during the extrusion of its material through control of the extrusion speed by the applied pressure and ranged from 80 μm to 420 μm in a series of experiments with several samples obtained, thus satisfying the condition stated and explained above that the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage should be no more than 28 cm.

At the same time, six planar current-conducting electrodes directly adjacent to the surface of the light modulator of an electrochromic translucent device, electrically isolated from each other, described in this example of a specific implementation consisted of indium-tin oxide In-Sn-O and were obtained by physical condensation from the vapor phase by sputtering into magnetron discharge plasma of pre-oxidized ceramic alloy targets of indium tin oxide (ITO - indium tin oxide) in an argon-oxygen mixture of working gases in an argon/oxygen ratio of 95%/5%. In this case, the pressure of mixtures of working gases during the deposition of both layers was maintained in the range from 1.1⋅10 ^-3 to 1.4⋅10 ^-3 mmHg. The burning power of the plasma discharge was 0.5 kW, with a voltage in the discharge gap of 270 V and a current on the target surface of 2 A. The resulting thickness of all electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes for all products of electromagnetic translucent devices obtained in as part of a series of experiments within the framework of this example of a specific implementation of the described invention, it was controlled by atomic force profilometry of a partially masked satellite substrate and ranged from 98 nm to 122 nm.

Connecting an external power source to electrically isolated from each other planar conductive electrodes in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual nominal value, not exceeding the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the contact boundary of the light modulator with the corresponding planar current-conducting electrode adjacent to it, was carried out similarly to that described above for the case of the first given example of a specific implementation of the present invention, namely: according to different polarities - for each pair of planar current-carrying electrodes , located directly opposite each other on different sides of the light modulator - load channels through current-carrying busbars, superimposed directly on the outer surfaces of each electrode relative to the thickness of the light modulator medium forming the medium. Each of the two different-pole current-carrying buses used in such a complementary pair of electrodes was a copper tape 200 μm thick and 12 mm wide, made in the form of a vertical line superimposed on the edge of the surface area of the light modulator, relating to part of the entire surface area of the described electrochromic translucent device for active suppressing glare and controlling excess insolation occupied by the corresponding planar conductive electrode, as shown in FIG. 5-B (I.). The tape was applied to the corresponding conductive surface of the electrode in such a way that the distance from each edge of its surface, coinciding with the corresponding edge of the glass substrate on which the electrochromic device was placed, was 1 cm. In this case, the current-carrying busbar was applied to the conductive surface of the corresponding electrodes from the glass side substrate, was placed on a glass substrate by pre-deposition of the material of electrically insulated planar conductive electrodes from each other according to the method described above. As a measure of additional fixation, the different-pole current-carrying busbars placed on the conductive surfaces of complementary electrodes were fixed in a given position using adhesive Kapton (poly-oxydiphenylene-pyromellitimide) tape DuPont Kapton Tare.

The following measurement indicators were used as feedback: control voltage U _control. between current-carrying busbars; current through electrochromic device I; as well as the temperature of the electrochromic device T. Voltage measurements were carried out directly at the points of connection of the supply wires from the current-carrying busbars to the load outputs using a hardware voltmeter as a means of measuring voltage; with its help, an amperometric measurement of the current was also carried out, carried out by measuring the voltage across a known shunt resistance connected in parallel to the electrochromic device. The temperature of the electrochromic device was measured using a thermocouple sensor, also connected via a shunt to a hardware voltmeter, and the thermocouple leads were fixed at a distance of 400 mm towards the center of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic device from one of the current-carrying buses, using the same Kapton adhesive tape, which was also used to fix the corresponding current-carrying busbar.

Control of the supply to each of the electrically isolated planar conductive electrodes of an electric current voltage of an individual nominal value so that it does not exceed the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, with taking into account the voltage drop at the boundary of the contact of the light modulator with the corresponding planar current-conducting electrode adjacent to it was carried out through a feedback circuit with the processor, and to transfer the transmission to the latter for processing the measured values of the control voltage U control _. directly from an external power source, the current through the electrochromic translucent device I, the temperature of the electrochromic translucent device T and the duration of the optical switching of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device t, a chain of operational amplifiers was used, which acted as a cyclic basis as part of the power supply circuit of the device. The processor polled external sensors through its feedback circuit with a cyclic basis and was carried out periodically: for values of control voltage U control _. , as well as the temperature of the translucent device T - every 0.4 s; and for the current through the electrochromic translucent device I, as well as the duration t of the optical switching of the light modulator - every 200 ms. The accuracy of voltage stabilization on the current source power controller was no less than 0.01 V in the range from 0.15 V to 0.20 V and 0.005 V in the range from 0.20 V to 4.05 V.

At the same time, the processor calculated the value of the electrical control voltage U _control. , applied between different-pole current-carrying busbars, necessary to ensure the maximum value of the effective potential difference U _eff. between complementary pairs of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other, acting as counter electrodes in relation to each other, taking into account the limitation on the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, on the one hand, and the value of the maximum voltage drop along the limited geometric location of all points of contact of the light modulator with the corresponding adjacent planar conductive electrode U _min. . on the other hand, as well as intermediate auxiliary calculations of the corresponding values of the total ohmic resistance (for, directly, assessing the corresponding value of the voltage drop) of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.s.u. , its amplitude asymptote R _max. , safe limit of redox potential U _max. and the strength of the leakage current, characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U control _. to an electrochromic translucent device with total ohmic resistance R _total. , based on the measured values of the control voltage U control _. , current strength I, temperature of the electrochromic device T and optical switching duration of the light modulator t. If the processor of the device determines that the measured current I flowing through the electrochromic translucent device has reached a value that is less than or equal to the value of the leakage current characteristic of the measured value of the applied control voltage U _control. to an electrochromic device with a given total ohmic resistance R _total. , the processor initiates shutdown of the control voltage application U _control. to different-pole current-carrying busbars through resistive voltage relief from the load. In addition, the initiation of resistive voltage drop from the load was carried out by the processor according to its operating program if the measured temperature of the electrochromic device T reached a value outside the range of -80 to +165°C.

Configuration of the processor to match a specific instance of the load (connected controlled electrochromic device) was carried out by entering preset parameters of the implemented control method: a linear function depending on the value of the safe limit of the redox potential U _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic device T, the value of the maximum potential drop along the limited geometric location of all points of contact of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it U _min. , total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic device R _total. , specified by approximation by exponential regression of the coefficients of the exponential charge-time functional dependence of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.c.u. on the duration of the optical switching of the electrochromic device from the initial optical state to the final optical state, the linear function of the dependence of the amplitude asymptote R _max. on the temperature of the electrochromic device T, as well as the function of calculating the value of the leakage current characteristic of the current value of the applied control voltage U control _. to an electrochromic device with total ohmic resistance R _total. .

The preset parameters used in this example specific implementation are shown in the table below:

In this case, the form of the linear dependence function U _max. (T) was determined through preliminary cyclic voltammetry experiments on electrochromic devices obtained in a series of experiments within a specific implementation example. These preliminary experimental voltammetric measurements were carried out at two temperatures of the electrochromic device, measured using a thermocouple located in the medium of the light modulator material, the registration of temperature detection by which was subsequently used directly during the operation of the device described in the example, and amounted to + 21.24 ° C and + 62.09°C; moreover, the larger of these temperatures was maintained by IR heating of the electrochromic device, and the smaller one was the temperature of the electrochromic device when it was in normal laboratory conditions without additional external thermal influence. Subsequently, the desired functional dependence was obtained by direct linearization over a set of two points (U _max.; T).

The total ohmic resistance of an electrochromic translucent device, depending on the duration of the process of switching the part of the light modulator surface adjacent to a complementary pair of planar conductive electrodes, to which voltage is applied from an external control power source, from the initial optical state to the final one, as well as on the temperature of the electrochromic device, was also previously determined during experiments on cyclic voltammetry of an electrochromic translucent device, within the framework of which the type of functional dependence U _{max characteristic of the specific device used in this example was also previously identified.} (T). It is obvious that the experimental curve of the dependence of the output of the total ohmic resistance of the electrochromic translucent device R _e.c.u. to saturation depending on the optical switching duration R _{of the e.s.c.} (t) can be obtained by shifting the graph of the dependence of the total ohmic resistance of an electrochromic device on the duration of application of a constant external voltage to it from a power source during cyclic voltammetry experiments by shifting the latter by an offset value equal to the value of the previously determined constant term as described above in R _complete .

Evaluation of the performance characteristics of an electrochromic translucent device implemented according to this example of practical implementation to ensure simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excessive insolation was carried out by bringing one of the three areas of its light modulator, limited on both sides by one of the complementary pairs of electrically isolated planar electrodes from each other into a painted state by supplying the electrodes with an electric current voltage from an external control power source that is the highest achievable at any given time during the process of painting the nominal value in accordance with the above principle of controlling the power supply controller by a processor designed for this purpose. After which, transmission spectrophotometry of areas of the surface of the electrochromic device was carried out - in the area of coloring of the light modulator (area A according to Fig. 6) and in the region geometrically opposite to it that maintains a bleached state (area B according to Fig. 6) - in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 350 to 1050 nm. The source of the spectrophotometer, while, as conventionally shown in Fig. 6 was located directly behind the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the painted part of the light modulator, and on the opposite side, relative to the entire described windshield with the electrochromic translucent device located on it, from the detector, which, as is also conventionally shown in Fig. 6, moved in the described cycle of spectrophotometric measurements relative to the entire surface of the electrochromic device from the edge of the region of its surface, which included the colored part of the light modulator, to the opposite edge of the region of its surface, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a bleached state, opposite, geometrically, colored. The transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device to which the colored part of the light modulator belongs is shown in FIG. 7, and the transmission spectrum of the surface region of the electrochromic device, to which the part of the light modulator that remained in the bleached state belonged, geometrically opposite to the colored one, is presented in FIG. 8.

Estimation of the integral parameters of the transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the colored part of the light modulator shown in Fig. 7, in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 400 to 720 nm demonstrates a deviation of the transmission amplitude from 7.62 abs.% T to 12.65 abs.% T; Thus, the level of uniformity of modulation across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the specified wavelength range of the integral light transmission value is 5.03%. In turn, the assessment of the integral parameters of the transmission spectrum of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state, geometrically opposite to the colored one, shown in Fig. 8, in the wavelength range of electromagnetic radiation from 400 to 720 nm, demonstrates a deviation of the transmission amplitude from 66.51 abs.% T to 78.73 abs.% T; Thus, the level of modulation uniformity across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the specified wavelength range of the integral light transmittance is 12.22%. As a result, the electrochromic translucent device described according to the given example of a specific implementation satisfies the claimed technical result of the present invention in terms of the uniformity of distribution across the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation of the modulation value of the integral light transmission in the wavelength range from 400 to 720 nm with a level of uniformity of not less than 28% modulo value.

In this case, the integral total light transmittance Tvis of the surface area of the electrochromic device, to which the painted part of the light modulator belonged, was 10.83%, and the integral total light transmittance of the surface area of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state, opposite, geometrically, colored, was , respectively, 77.40%, taking into account the above-mentioned relative location of the spectrophotometer source - acting, in this case, due to its location, as a point source of possible exterior glare in relation to the surface area of the electrochromic device to which the colored part of the light modulator belonged , as well as the source of insolation in relation to the area of the surface of the electrochromic device to which the part of the light modulator that remained in a discolored state belonged, geometrically opposite to the colored one and its detector. In turn, the recorded light transmission value at a wavelength of 530 nm Tpnt(530) in the region of the surface of the electrochromic device, which included the colored part of the light modulator, was 10.21%, and the recorded light transmission value at a wavelength of 530 nm Tpnt(530) in the region of the surface of the electrochromic device, which included the part of the light modulator that remained discolored and was geometrically opposite to the colored one, amounted to 78.51%, respectively, which, as can be seen from the corresponding spectrum in FIG. 8 is the maximum in the entire spectral range of visible radiation for the specific implementation of an electrochromic translucent device described in this example.

Thus, it is shown that the electrochromic translucent device described in this example specific implementation also provides simultaneous active suppression of exterior glare along with control of excess insolation in the contrast range above 40% - namely 66.57% - while maintaining the maximum achievable light transmittance at wavelength 530 nm for more than 50% - namely 93% - of the total area of the transparent surface of the light-transmitting structural element: within the scope of this example specific implementation of an automobile windshield.

Claims (1)

An electrochromic translucent device for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation, containing a light modulator including a material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of an electric current voltage, characterized in that the material that changes the amount of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum is included in the composition of the light modulator is selected from the group of oxides and hydroxides of transition metals of groups VI-VIII of the periodic table, as well as oxides and hydroxides of their alloys, oxides, nitrides and hydrides of elements of even rows 4-6 periods of groups IV and V of the periodic table, as well as perchlorate salts , tetrafluoroborates, hexafluorophosphate and triphenyl cyanoborates of alkali and alkaline earth metals of groups III-VIII of the periodic table, while the length of the optical path of radiation with a wavelength of 530 nm in the medium of a light modulator material that changes the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum under the influence of electric current voltage is no more than 28 cm, and the electrochromic translucent device also contains at least four electrically isolated from each other planar current-conducting electrodes consisting of oxides of bi-metallic alloys of elements selected from the group consisting of In, Sn, F, Zn, Al, Ga, Ti, and Planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other are adjacent in pairs on two opposite sides directly to part of the surface of the light modulator of the electrochromic translucent device in such a way that the geometric location of all points of overlap of planar conductive electrodes electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the light modulator divides the entire surface area of the electrochromic translucent device. devices into at least two parts, and the planar current-conducting electrodes, electrically isolated from each other, have a thickness of 40 to 780 nm and are made with the ability to connect an external power source to them in such a way that each of them can be independently supplied with an electric current voltage of an individual rating , not exceeding the value of the safe limit of the redox potential of the process of changing the value of light transmission in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum by the material contained in the light modulator, taking into account the voltage drop at the interface of the light modulator with the corresponding planar conductive electrode adjacent to it; in this case, an electrochromic translucent device for active suppression of glare and control of excess insolation is applied directly to windows and windshields in such a way that the light modulator included in it with all planar current-conducting electrodes adjacent to parts of its surface, electrically isolated from each other, faces the inside of the interior.