RU2806656C1 - Reversible impact device for drilling holes in ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction equipment.

SUBSTANCE: used for drilling a well in the ground during trenchless laying of underground communications. A reversible impact device for drilling holes in the ground contains a housing, a hammer, a spring-loaded air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, and a spring-loaded liner. Said pipe is made with a ring fixing groove connected by a drainage channel to the atmosphere, and is equipped with a distribution element for supplying compressed air to the working chamber of the spring-loaded liner, the body of which is rigidly connected to the body of the said reversing device. In this case, the spring-loaded liner retainer is installed with the ability to interact with the annular fixing groove of the spring-loaded air distribution pipe.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and reliability of the heat exchanger.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to construction equipment and is used, for example, for drilling a hole in the ground for trenchless laying of underground communications.

A percussion device is known for drilling wells in the ground along a.s. USSR No. 1183623, class. E02F 5/18, publ. 07.10.85, Bull. No. 37, containing a housing, an air distribution pipe with central and radial channels installed in the housing with the possibility of axial movement, a hammer and liners placed in the radial channels of the pipe and connected to an elastic element. The elastic element is made in the form of a coiled spring installed perpendicular to the central channel of the pipe.

The common features of the analogue and the proposed technical solution are: housing, striker, air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, spring-loaded liner.

The disadvantage of the known device is that the spring of the liners is not stretchable, since its ends are attached to the lower ends of the liners and it is placed across the air distribution channel of the pipe, so the spring is not sufficiently reliable in operation.

Another disadvantage is that the spring between the liners is located in the longitudinal channel of the air distribution pipe and thus partially blocks the latter, complicating the supply of compressed air to the device, reducing the efficiency of the latter.

The closest in technical essence and set of essential features is a reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground according to a.s. USSR No. 1313972, class. E02F 5/18, publ. in Bull. No. 20 05/30/1987, containing a housing, a drummer, an air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, in which a spring-loaded liner is installed, made in the form of a glass, the bottom of which faces the longitudinal channel, and a spring with a ball at its opposite end the bottom of the glass, placed in the cavity of the glass.

The common features of the prototype and the proposed technical solution are: body, striker, spring-loaded air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, spring-loaded liner.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of the reverse due to its dependence on the elasticity of the spring acting on the ball. Even a slight change in the elasticity of the spring, due to dynamic loads, can lead to a sudden switching of the device to reverse mode and vice versa, i.e. leads to unstable operation.

Another disadvantage of the known device is that the cup-shaped liner is placed in the wall of the air distribution pipe, which limits the area of its interaction with the housing stop and thus significantly reduces the reliability of adhesion to the latter and leads to rapid wear of the interacting reverse elements: the liner and the stop. The possibility of the liner jamming or difficulty exiting and returning from the radial window due to friction during reversal also reduces the efficiency of the device.

Another significant drawback of the prototype is the installation of the liner in a radial window in the wall, directly connecting the pressure line of the air distribution pipe and the atmosphere. This certainly leads to leakage of compressed air from the air distribution pipe into the exhaust channel for exhaust compressed air, which in turn reduces the power of the device and, as a result, the efficiency of operation.

In addition, the design of the known device is complex in design and assembly, which reduces the reliability of the device and significantly increases its cost. A complex and unstable design element is also the interacting reverse chain “spring – ball – glass”, which quickly breaks and is not repairable.

The problem is to increase the efficiency of a reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground by eliminating leaks between the pressure and exhaust lines of the device through a spring-loaded liner by eliminating the radial window in the wall of the air distribution pipe to accommodate the reverse mechanism, as well as to increase the reliability of the device for due to the abandonment of fragile, quickly worn out springs and a reverse ball.

The problem is solved by the fact that in a reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground, containing a housing, a hammer, a spring-loaded air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, a spring-loaded liner, according to the technical solution, the said pipe is made with an annular fixing groove connected by a drainage channel with the atmosphere, is equipped with a distribution element for supplying compressed air to the working chamber of the spring-loaded liner, the body of which is rigidly connected to the body of the specified reversible device, while the spring-loaded liner retainer is installed with the ability to interact with the annular fixing groove of the spring-loaded air distribution pipe.

A spring-loaded air distribution pipe with an annular fixing groove, without a radial window in which the spring-loaded liner moves, as in the prototype, completely prevents the possibility of leakage of compressed air from the said pipe into the exhaust line, which ensures a full supply of compressed air to the device, increasing its operating efficiency.

The connection of the annular fixing groove with a drainage channel to the atmosphere ensures free movement of the spring-loaded liner.

The location of the spring-loaded liner in the working chamber, connected by the body to the body of the device, prevents its movement relative to the body of the device during reversal, thus avoiding its constant movement along the axis of the body when reversing, as in the prototype, ensuring the reliability and efficiency of the device.

The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by an example of a specific design of a reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground and drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a general view of the device, a longitudinal section; Fig. 2 – fragment A of Fig. 1 on a scale of 4:1.

A reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground (hereinafter referred to as the device) consists of a housing 1 (Fig. 1), a hammer 2, a spring-loaded air distribution pipe 3 (hereinafter referred to as pipe 3) with an annular fixing groove 4 (Fig. 2), connected by a drainage channel 5 with atmosphere. The pipe 3 is located in the original, left position according to the drawing due to the axial spring 6. In the wall of the pipe 3 with the axial channel 7 there is a radial window 8 connected to the distribution element 9 for supplying compressed air to the working chamber 10, rigidly connected to the pipe 3. Working chamber 10 of the spring-loaded insert 11 (hereinafter referred to as the insert) has a housing 12, which is rigidly connected to the housing 1 of the device. The retainer 13 of the liner 11 is installed with the ability to interact with the annular fixing groove 4 of the pipe 3 in the forward position of the latter. In this case, the liner 11 is spring-loaded with release ring springs 14, which remove the retainer 13 from the fixing annular groove 4 in the absence of pressure in the working chamber 10 of the liner 11. To ensure free movement of the retainer 13 of the liner 11 into the fixing groove 4 when pressure is applied to the working chamber 10, a drainage channel is provided 5. The distribution element 9 is equipped with a limiter 15 for the movement of pipe 3. The exhaust compressed air is released into the atmosphere through channels 16. In the housing 1, to carry out the reverse movement of the device, a collar 17 is made. Compressed air through the distribution element 9 enters the working chamber 10 through the window 18.

The device works as follows. To carry out a direct stroke into the body 1 of the device through the pipe 3, located in the initial, left position in the drawing due to the axial spring 6, compressed air is supplied through the air supply hose from a source of compressed air (not shown in the drawing). The retainer 13 of the liner 11 enters the fixing groove 4 of the pipe 3, connected by the drainage channel 5 to the atmosphere, releasing the release ring springs 14, since the liner 11 through the channel 18 receives compressed air pressure from the radial window 8 of the pipe 3 through the distribution element 9 of the pipe 3. Drummer 2 strikes the front end of housing 1. The device moves forward, leaving a well behind. To reverse it, stop the supply of compressed air. Since the pressure in the working chamber 10 of the liner 11 drops, the release ring springs 14 press out the liner 11 and thus remove the retainer 13 from the fixing groove 4 of the pipe 3. The latter is moved by tension of the hose to the rear, right position according to the drawing, compressing the axial spring 6, blocking the channel 8 and fixing the limiter 15 of the movement of the pipe 3 on the body 12 of the working chamber 10, rigidly connected to the body 1 of the device. The hammer 2, thanks to air distribution, strikes the collar 17 of the housing 1, while the device moves to the wellhead. In this case, the radial window 8, moving to the right according to the drawing, is blocked by the housing 12 of the working chamber 10. The supply of compressed air to the chamber 10 is impossible. The release ring springs 14 press the liner 11 to the lowest position according to the drawing. Due to the pressure of compressed air on the front end of pipe 3, the axial spring 6 cannot expand, pipe 3 remains in the rear, right position according to the drawing. The device moves backwards steadily. To transfer the latter to direct stroke, it is necessary to turn off the pressure line, while the axial spring 6 will return the pipe 3 to its original, left-hand position according to the drawing. The cycle repeats.

Claims (1)

A reversible impact device for drilling wells in the ground, containing a housing, a hammer, a spring-loaded air distribution pipe with a longitudinal channel and a radial window in the wall, a spring-loaded liner, characterized in that the said pipe is made with an annular fixing groove connected by a drainage channel to the atmosphere, equipped with a distribution an element for supplying compressed air to the working chamber of the spring-loaded liner, the body of which is rigidly connected to the body of the specified reversing device, while the spring-loaded liner retainer is installed with the ability to interact with the annular fixing groove of the spring-loaded air distribution pipe.