RU2806480C1 - METHOD OF OPTIMIZING FUNCTIONAL STATE OF BODY OF ATHLETES USING NEUROBIOFEEDBACK ON β BRAIN RHYTHM - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, sports medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used to optimize the functional state of athletes using neurofeedback according to β brain rhythm. Neurofeedback β brain rhythm is carried out under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes. A session consists of a graphics session lasting 10 minutes and a gaming session lasting 16 minutes. The athlete is sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary muscle relaxation. Muscle tone is controlled by 2 myographic sensors and electrodes. EEG signals are recorded from EEG sensors. The athlete is offered to increase and hold β brain rhythm above a level that reaches at least 30% of fluctuations of β brain rhythm at the very beginning of the session. In a graphical session, real-time biofeedback about the success of completing a task is transmitted through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal depending on β brain rhythm. The training effect is achieved as a result of gradually increasing the complexity of the task by increasing the level that must be exceeded β brain rhythm. In a real-time gaming session, the athlete is assigned a task to select and maintain a voluntary strategy of lifting β brain rhythm above a level that reaches at least 30% of fluctuationsβ of the brain rhythm at the very beginning of the session. The training effect is achieved by accelerating the completion of game tasks.

EFFECT: method ensures optimization and increased efficiency of the processes of restoring the functional state of the body of athletes, rehabilitation after psycho-emotional overstrain through the use of neurobiofeedback according to β brain rhythm.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of medicine, in particular sports and rehabilitation medicine, and can be used to increase the efficiency of the processes of restoring the functional state of athletes after intense physical activity and for rehabilitation after psycho-emotional stress. The invention can be used in the practice of sports medicine and rehabilitation doctors, physiotherapists, specialists involved in therapeutic activities, prevention and/or recovery and rehabilitation issues in the field of sports and rehabilitation medicine.

Neurofeedback, based on the principles of biofeedback, allows non-invasive and alternative pharmacological methods to increase the success of training and competitive activities [1], and improve the psychophysiological state of athletes [2]. Neurofeedback according to the β-rhythm, aimed at increasing activity in the β-band, helps to enhance cerebral hemodynamics in the frontal areas of the brain [3], helping to improve the functional state of central hemodynamics [4] psychophysiological indicators [5, 6], improving the reaction abilities of athletes [ 7], which largely determine the functional state of athletes, the optimal characteristics of which regulate recovery processes and serve as a functional basis for increasing sports performance.

State of the art

Currently, both in sports practice and in clinical medicine, methods of treatment and correction of psycho-emotional states are widely used.

There is a known method for normalizing the psychophysiological state during periods of stress, psycho-emotional and intellectual stress, as well as in the treatment of functional disorders of the central nervous system, psychosomatic diseases and the consequences of organic brain lesions (RU 2428927 C2), including sequential recording of the patient’s brain signals, conversion of selected signal parameters brain into the corresponding sensory signals and influencing the patient with these sensory signals, characterized in that such rates of rise and fall of each sensory signal are set at which the evoked brain activity is not detected.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of data on its use in sports practice and its impact on the functional state of athletes.

There is also a known method for complex medical and psychological rehabilitation of patients in the late recovery period after acute cerebrovascular accident (RU 2724284 C1), including a complex of appropriate medicinal and physical effects in the form of massage and exercise therapy, as well as psychological rehabilitation through psychophysiological and psychotherapeutic effects carried out individually with taking into account the state of emotional well-being or ill-being of the patient, which is assessed using the methodology for assessing the emotional well-being of Odarushchenko O.I. "Emotional Well-Being Test 1.0." In this method, visual feedback is organized based on alpha, beta, theta and delta rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG). Light signals of four colors are used as a sensory feedback signal, which are turned on in accordance with the appearance in the current EEG of a oscillation belonging to one of the four rhythms. When an alpha rhythm oscillation appears, the green light turns on, when a beta rhythm oscillation appears - yellow, when a theta rhythm oscillation appears - orange, when a delta rhythm oscillation appears - red. EEG registration is carried out in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital regions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. The patient is asked to find a condition in which the color specified by the operator appears as often as possible. As a result of such treatment procedures, positive dynamics in the condition of patients is observed.

The disadvantage of this method is the lack of adjustment of the level of alpha, beta, theta and delta rhythm of the electroencephalogram, in which the color corresponding to the rhythm appears, and it is also impossible to assess the magnitude of the rhythm, which does not allow you to control the level of the rhythm and select strategies for changing it.

There is a known method for bioacoustic correction of the psychophysiological state of the body (RU 2192777 C2), which consists of recording EEG from two or more EEG lead points, establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the spatial location of EEG recording points and sound sources, transposing each EEG oscillation separately and sequentially into the audio frequency range, simultaneous exposure of the patient to the received sound signals. This method makes it possible to increase the accuracy of transmitting information about the current state of the central nervous system in the feedback loop by transposing the sequence of initial EEG oscillations into the region of audible frequencies and reflecting the spatial parameters of the EEG in the sensory signal.

The disadvantage of this method is that the rate of rise and fall of sound stimuli is not taken into account, that is, it is assumed that they appear instantly after the brain signal oscillates. There is no identification of individual frequencies of brain rhythms, as well as the possibility of differentiated control of brain rhythms. There is no data on the conditions of the sessions: visual stimulation (open or closed eyes), the initial position of the patients (lying, sitting, standing) in which the correction is carried out, the exact criteria for the time of the session. In addition, there is no data on its use in sports practice and its effect on the functional state of athletes.

The closest to the declared method of correcting violations of self-regulation and psycho-emotional state among specialists of extreme profiles in conditions of simulated stress load (RU 2681929 C1), which consists in correcting self-regulation and psycho-emotional state by correcting the vegetative balance using biofeedback (BFB), using it as a controlled indicator of autonomic balance and modeling of stress load in the process of correction in the form of painful electrical stimulation or exposure to sharp, negatively perceived sounds (sounds in the form of a woman or child screaming or crying, or the sounds of breaking glass, falling things). The method provides correction of the state of neuropsychic maladaptation in specialists of extreme profiles, including under conditions of increased stress load, taking into account the individual type of the autonomic nervous system, which includes correction of states of psycho-emotional maladjustment in employees with a pronounced predominance of the parasympathetic nervous system, as well as correction of their stress reactions.

The disadvantage of this method is that this method is not intended to optimize the functional state of the body, and the controlled parameter is the range of values of the vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF) from 1.5 to 2.5 c.u., and not the rhythm parameters brain, in particular the β-rhythm. In addition, there is no data on the use of the above presented method in sports practice and its effect on the functional state of athletes.

Thus, the above methods do not provide targeted modification of the physiological functioning of the central nervous system by controlling the brain β rhythm isolated from the general electroencephalogram (EEG) in healthy individuals involved in sports activities. Biofeedback (BFB) in the control of the rhythm of the brain is implemented in one representation: visual (graphic, game), auditory, which allows you to involve a smaller number of audiovisual signals about the current state of the controlled person in the process of processing the signals received during the BFB training session. physiological parameter, which limits the involvement of the volume of structural and functional formations of the brain in the processing of received signals, changing to a lesser extent the inter- and intra-functional interaction of neuronal connections. Caused electroencephalographic, auditory, visual or pain stimulation does not allow the natural physiological way to optimize cortical-subcortical interactions, adaptation processes and the functional state of the body as a whole. Difficulties arise in interpreting systemic changes occurring in the body and their impact on sports activity.

Objective of the invention

- creating a method for optimizing the functional state of athletes’ bodies using neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain.

What is new is that:

- the structure of each neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain consists of a graphic session lasting 10 minutes and a gaming session lasting 16 minutes;

- neurofeedback sessions based on the β rhythm of the brain occur under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, in the athlete’s position - sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, in conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension; EEG signals are recorded from EEG sensors, attached to the scalp at bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode is attached to the earlobe; the athlete is asked to increase and maintain the β rhythm of the brain above a level that reaches at least 30% of the fluctuations of the β rhythm of the brain at the very beginning of the session;

- in a graphic session in real time, biofeedback on the success of completing the task of voluntarily raising and maintaining the β rhythm of the brain above a given level is transmitted to the athlete through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal depending on the β rhythm of the brain ; the training effect is achieved as a result of gradually increasing the complexity of the task by increasing the level that must be exceeded by the β rhythm of the athlete’s brain;

- in a game session in real time, the athlete is given the task of selecting and maintaining a strategy for voluntarily raising the β rhythm of the brain above the level specified at the beginning of the session, provided that voluntary muscle relaxation is maintained; fulfillment of the task leads to acceleration of the development of the game plot, the training effect is achieved as a result speed up the completion of game tasks.

Description of the invention is as follows

A method for optimizing the functional state of the body of athletes using neurobiofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain includes training and formation of the skill (ability) of voluntary regulation to raise and maintain an increased level of the β rhythm of the brain in conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes and voluntary muscle relaxation in the initial position sitting in front computer monitor screen, which displays the EEG signal of the β rhythm, recorded from sensors attached to the athlete’s scalp in lead Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”. The signal can be presented in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal (in the graphic session of the session) and a game task (in the game session of the session).

To achieve the most pronounced effect, the course must be at least 10 procedures.

The effectiveness of the course of procedures lies in:

- optimization of the functional state of the body of athletes - improving the functioning of the central nervous system, improving cortical-subcortical interactions, in the formation of new interneuronal connections;

- optimization of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system;

- optimization of the functioning of the cardiovascular system;

- improving the functioning of the cognitive system, improving psychophysiological indicators;

- optimization of adaptation mechanisms.

A method for optimizing the functional state of an athletes body using neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain is implemented on the BOSLAB EEG hardware and software complex [8] with biofeedback based on physiological parameters: EEG rhythms, electromyogram (EMG), peripheral temperature (t°) , the main objectives of which are diagnostics, objective functional assessment of recorded physiological parameters, training on EEG rhythms of the brain with the provision of biofeedback on the trained parameters. These technologies are implemented through special modules; our method uses a module for recording physiological signals, version BI-02, for EEG diagnostics and training in the skills of modifying the bioelectrical activity of certain brain structures, aimed at the formation of stable adequate behavioral stereotypes, normalization of the emotional state, which can be disturbed, destabilizing functional state under intense physical and psychological stress in sports activities. Technical characteristics of the BI-02 physiological signal recording module: 2 EEG channels, 1 EMG channel, 1 t° channel.

The structure of each session of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain consists of a graphic session and a game session.

A graphic session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain occurs under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, with the athlete sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, in conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone is controlled by 2 myographic sensors , electrodes are attached to the frontal muscle - in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals are recorded from EEG sensors attached to the scalp at bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode is attached to the earlobe; in the graphic session of the session, the athlete must voluntarily raise and maintain the β rhythm of the brain above the established threshold, maintaining voluntary muscle relaxation; the threshold (level) for each participant and in each training session is set individually so that it is reached by at least 30% of fluctuations in the β rhythm of the brain during each training session; biological feedback about the success of the task of voluntarily raising and maintaining the β rhythm of the brain above a given threshold is transmitted to the training participant through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal (for example, a click, the ringing of a bell, applause, the sound of fireworks - and other customizable signals) depending on the β rhythm of the brain; the training effect is achieved as a result of gradual complication of the task - raising the threshold (level) that the parameter controlled by the training participant - β brain rhythm - must cross; The duration of the graphics session is 10 minutes.

A game session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain occurs under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, in the athlete’s position - sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, in conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone is controlled by 2 myographic sensors, electrodes are attached to the frontal muscle - in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals are recorded from EEG sensors, attached to the scalp at bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode is attached to the earlobe; the choice of game plot is carried out by the athlete independently, based on personal preferences (for example, “Flowers”, “Automaster”); The athlete is given the task of selecting and maintaining a strategy for the voluntary rise of the β rhythm of the brain, subject to the preservation of voluntary muscle relaxation, the implementation of which leads to acceleration of the dynamics and development of the game plot of the selected game (for example, the growth and blooming of flowers in the game “Flowers”, collecting pictures from puzzles selected car in the game "Automaster"); the training effect is achieved as a result of accelerating the completion of game tasks; The gaming session lasts 16 minutes.

Achieving a technical result is also ensured by the fact that the course of procedures to optimize the functional state of the athletes’ body using neurofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain is at least 10 procedures.

The physiological effect is ensured by the fact that mastering the skills of modifying the bioelectrical activity of certain brain structures under conditions of voluntary relaxation helps to improve cerebral blood flow, improve cortical-subcortical interactions, form new interneuronal connections, optimize the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, optimize the functioning of the cardiovascular system, improve cognitive functions and psychophysiological indicators, as well as optimization of adaptation mechanisms. As a result of a course of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain, stable adequate behavioral stereotypes are formed, the emotional state is normalized, and the functional state of athletes is optimized.

Indications for using the method:

- physical activity that is large in volume and intensity;

- states of overstrain and overtraining of the body and their prevention;

- the need to increase the functional capabilities of the athletes’ body;

- imbalance in the functional state of athletes, deviations in the psycho-emotional state of athletes, decrease in cognitive and psychophysiological indicators.

Contraindications to using this method:

- painful conditions accompanied by acute pain syndrome, feverish conditions;

- phase of excessive state of overstrain and overtraining of the body;

- refusal of athletes (lack of personal motivation to take a course of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain).

The inventive method was tested to optimize the functional state of the body of athletes using neurofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain in 1020 athletes specializing in cyclic, acyclic and game sports. Conducting one session of neurofeedback on the β rhythm of the brain during the preparatory period of the training process had a pronounced effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system, caused urgent reflex reactions of the cardiovascular system, using mainly depressor mechanisms, which was reflected in changes in the interactions of parts of the autonomic nervous system, level of regulation of functions, economization of types of blood circulation and functioning of the body of athletes.

A study of the bioelectrical activity of the brain after a course of neurofeedback using the β rhythm of the brain (10 procedures) made it possible to identify the optimization of the rhythmological activity of the brain, which occurred due to increased cerebral hemodynamics, improvement of cortical-subcortical interactions, the formation of new interneuronal connections, optimization of the functioning of the autonomic nervous system , optimization of the functioning of the cardiovascular system, improvement of cognitive functions and psychophysiological indicators, optimization of adaptation mechanisms.

As a result of completing a course of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain, optimal physiological parameters of the central and autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and cognitive systems, psychophysiological indicators, and the state of the athletes’ body as a whole were formed, while conscious control of the β rhythm of the brain contributed to the formation of correct stable adequate behavioral stereotypes, optimization of the emotional and functional state of the athletes’ body, not only at the preparatory stage of sports training, but also in everyday life. The data obtained from the results of spectral analysis of the wave structure of the heart rhythm indicate that functional intersystem changes have occurred in the cerebral structures at various levels of regulation. In the functioning and control of heart rhythm, modifications occurred in the total power spectrum (TP, ms ² ) (P≤0.05); structural distribution of power of waves of different frequencies: very low frequency waves - VLF, %, (P≤0.05), low frequency waves - LF, % (P≤0.05), high frequency waves - HF,% (P≤0 ,05), optimization of the vagosympathetic balance coefficient - LF/HF, conventional units. (P≤0.05) in athletes after completing a course of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain.

Data obtained on central hemodynamic parameters indicate improved functioning of the cardiovascular system: heart rate (HR, beats/min) (P≤0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP, mm Hg) (P≤ 0.05), diastolic blood pressure (DBP, mm Hg) (P≤0.05), mean arterial pressure (BP avg., mm Hg) (P≤0.05), pulse blood pressure (PP, mm Hg) (P≤0.05), stroke volume (SV) of the heart (P≤0.05), minute volume of blood circulation (MCV) (P≤0.05), cardiac values index (SI), characterizing the type of blood circulation (P≤0.05), total peripheral vascular resistance (TPVR) (P≤0.05), specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPVR) (P≤0.05).

Data obtained during complex psychophysiological testing indicate an improvement in the psychophysiological state and improvement in the cognitive functions of athletes after completing a course of neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain, which was reflected in a decrease in anxiety - situational (reactive) (RT) (P≤0.05) and personal (LT) (P≤0.05); clarification of the chronobiological unit of time (P≤0.05); improvement of types of memory: operational (P≤0.05), numbers (P≤0.05), figures (P≤0.05); improvement of operational thinking (P≤0.05); attention (P≤0.05) and mental performance (P≤0.05).

Data obtained when calculating the index of functional changes (FII, according to R.M. Baevsky) (P≤0.05) and the coefficient of adaptation effectiveness (CEA, according to N.V. Bondar: CEA = number of rigid (strong) correlations / total number of reliable relationships , calculated by the Spearman rank correlation method) indicate optimal adaptive changes, processes of formation of new inter- and intrasystem connections, transition to a new, more optimal level of functioning of the athletes’ body.

Consequently, by comparing the indicators of the central and autonomic nervous system, cardiovascular and cognitive systems, psychophysiological indicators before and after the application of the claimed method, one can conclude that there is a significant statistically significant improvement in indicators, and, consequently, the positive effect of its use on the functional state of the body of athletes .

Examples of implementation of the invention are as follows

Example 1

Athlete G., 21 years old, engaged in cross-country skiing, specializes in middle and long-distance running, candidate for master of sports. Observed during the preparatory period of the training cycle during a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the body.

When studying the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in ensuring the regulation of heart rhythm activity using spectral analysis, the following indicators were determined: total spectral power (TP) -1051 ms ² , very low frequency waves (VLF) - 64%, low frequency waves (LF) 23.6%, high frequency waves (HF) -11.7%, vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF) - 2.02 c.u.

A study of the functioning of the cardiovascular system according to central hemodynamics revealed the following values: heart rate (HR) - 60 beats/min, systolic blood pressure (SBP) - 120 mm. Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -60 mm. Hg, mean arterial pressure (BP avg.) - 80 mm. Hg, pulse blood pressure (PP) - 60 mm. Hg, cardiac stroke volume (SV) - 134.7 ml, minute circulatory volume (MCV) -8080.0 ml/min., cardiac index (CI) - 4.52 l/min/m ² , total peripheral vascular resistance (VPSS) - 781.0 dynes/s/cm ^-5 , specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPVR) - 44.1 c.u.

Psychological testing showed the following results: reactive anxiety (RT) - 33 points, personal anxiety (PT) - 56 points, memory for numbers - 3 points, memory for figures - 6 points, working memory - 35 points, operational thinking 36 points, individual minute 65 seconds; characteristics of attention: performance efficiency (ER) - 39 sec., processing time (BP) - 0.9 points, mental stability of attention (PU) 1.3 points, speed of attention when performing the test 194 sec., switchability of attention - 15 sec.

Index of functional changes (IFI, according to P.M. Baevsky) - 1.59 USD

Athlete G. underwent a course of 10 procedures in order to optimize the functional state of the body using neurobiofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain using the BOSLAB hardware and software complex (version BI-02). The structure of each neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain consisted of a graphic session (10 minutes) and a game session (16 minutes), with a total duration of 26 minutes. A graphic session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain was carried out under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, in the position of an athlete - sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone was controlled by 2 myographic sensors, electrodes were attached to the frontal muscle - in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals were recorded from EEG sensors attached to the scalp at the bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode was attached to the earlobe; in the graphic session of the session, the athlete voluntarily raised and maintained the β rhythm of the brain above the established threshold, maintaining voluntary muscle relaxation; the threshold (level) in each training session is set individually so that it is reached by at least 30% of fluctuations in the β rhythm of the brain during each training session; biological feedback about the success of completing the task of voluntarily raising and maintaining the β rhythm of the brain above a given threshold was transmitted to the training participant through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal (click); the training effect was achieved as a result of the gradual complication of the task of raising the threshold (level), which must cross the parameter controlled by the training participant - the β rhythm of the brain.

A game session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain was carried out under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, with the athlete sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone is controlled by 2 myographic sensors , the electrodes were attached to the frontal muscle in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals were recorded from EEG sensors attached to the scalp at the bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode was attached to the earlobe; the choice of the game plot was carried out by the athlete independently, based on personal preferences (“Flowers”); the athlete was given the task of selecting and maintaining a strategy for the voluntary rise of the β rhythm of the brain, subject to the preservation of voluntary muscle relaxation, the implementation of which leads to acceleration of the dynamics and development of the game plot of the selected game (the growth and blooming of flowers in the game “Flowers”); the training effect was achieved as a result of accelerating the completion of game tasks.

Indicators of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in ensuring the regulation of activity by heart rhythm in spectral analysis changed as follows: total spectrum power (TP) -1453 ms ² , very low frequency waves (VLF) - 59.5%, low frequency waves (LF) - 26.3%, high frequency waves - (HF) -14.2%, vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF) - 1.85 c.u. These changes indicate optimization in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, regulation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in ensuring the activity of the heart rhythm.

Indicators of central hemodynamics changed as follows: heart rate (HR) - 50 beats/min, systolic blood pressure (SBP) - 114 mm. Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) - 54 mm. Hg, mean arterial pressure (BP avg.) - 74 mm. Hg, pulse blood pressure (PP) - 60 mm. Hg, stroke volume of the heart (SV 109.98 ml, minute volume of blood circulation (MCV) - 5499.0 ml/min., cardiac index (CI) - 3.07 l/min/m ^2. , total peripheral resistance blood vessels (OPSS) - 1075.48 dyn/s/cm ^-5 , specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPVR) 60.08 cu These changes indicate optimization of the functioning and increase in the reserve capabilities of the athlete's cardiovascular system.

The psychological testing indicators changed as follows: reactive anxiety (RT) - 33 points, personal anxiety (PT) - 45 points, memory for numbers - 5 points, memory for figures - 8 points, working memory - 40 points, operational thinking - 46 points , individual minute - 60 s.; characteristics of attention: performance efficiency (ER) - 36 sec., work-in-time (BP) - 0.8 points, mental stability of attention (PU) - 0.87 points, speed of attention when performing the test - 181 sec., switchability of attention - 10 With. These changes indicate an improvement in cognitive functions and psychophysiological indicators of athletes.

Index of functional changes (IFI, according to P.M. Baevsky) - 1.89 USD. These changes indicate an increase in the athlete’s adaptive potential.

Example 2

Athlete K., 20 years old, engaged in weightlifting, specializing in the 89 kg weight category (biathlon), candidate for master of sports. Observed during the preparatory period of the training cycle during a comprehensive examination of the functional state of the body.

When studying the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in ensuring the regulation of heart rhythm activity using spectral analysis, the following indicators were determined: total spectrum power (TP) - 9132 ms ² , very low frequency waves (VLF) - 12%, low frequency waves (LF) - 16%, high frequency waves (HF) -72%, vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF) - 0.23 c.u.

A study of the functioning of the cardiovascular system according to central hemodynamics revealed the following values: heart rate (HR) - 62 beats/min, systolic blood pressure (SBP) - 130 mm. Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) - 62 mm. Hg, mean arterial pressure (BP avg.) - 84 mm. Hg, pulse blood pressure (PP) - 68 mm. Hg, cardiac stroke volume (SV) 120.3 ml, minute circulatory volume (MCV) - 7458.6 ml/min., cardiac index (CI) - 3.84 l/min/m ² , total peripheral resistance vessels (OPSS) - 900.4 dynes/s/cm ^-5 , specific peripheral vascular resistance (UPSR) - 22.0 c.u.

Psychological testing showed the following results: reactive anxiety (RT) - 52 points, personal anxiety (PT) - 47 points, memory for numbers - 4 points, memory for figures - 8 points, working memory - 38 points, operational thinking - 44 points, individual minute - 69 s.; characteristics of attention: performance efficiency (ER) - 38 s., work-in-time (BP) - 1.1 points, mental stability of attention (PU) - 0.9 points, speed of attention when performing the test 163 s., switchability of attention - 14 s. .

Index of functional changes (IFI, according to P.M. Baevsky) - 1.9 c.u.

A course of 10 procedures for athlete K. was carried out with the aim of optimizing the functional state of the body using neurofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain using the BOSLAB hardware and software complex (version BI-02). The structure of each neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain consisted of a graphic session (10 minutes) and a game session (16 minutes), with a total duration of 26 minutes.

A graphic session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain was carried out under conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, with the athlete sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone was controlled by 2 myographic sensors , the electrodes were attached to the frontal muscle in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals were recorded from EEG sensors attached to the scalp at the bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode was attached to the earlobe; in the graphic session of the session, the athlete voluntarily raised and maintained the β rhythm of the brain above the established threshold, maintaining voluntary muscle relaxation; the threshold (level) in each training session was set individually so that it was reached by at least 30% of fluctuations in the β rhythm of the brain during each training session; biological feedback about the success of completing the task of voluntarily raising and maintaining the β rhythm of the brain above a given threshold was transmitted to the training participant through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal (click); the training effect was achieved as a result of the gradual complication of the task of raising the threshold (level), which must cross the parameter controlled by the training participant - the β rhythm of the brain.

A game session of a neurofeedback session based on the β rhythm of the brain was carried out under conditions of active wakefulness with eyes open, in the position of an athlete - sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary relaxation and without performing any movements or muscle tension (muscle tone was controlled by 2 myographic sensors, electrodes were attached to the frontal muscle - in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other); EEG signals were recorded from EEG sensors attached to the scalp at the bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode was attached to the earlobe; the choice of the game plot was carried out by the athlete independently, based on personal preferences (“Flowers”); the athlete was given the task of selecting and maintaining a strategy for the voluntary rise of the β rhythm of the brain, subject to the preservation of voluntary muscle relaxation, the implementation of which leads to acceleration of the dynamics and development of the game plot of the selected game (the growth and blooming of flowers in the game “Flowers”); The training effect is achieved as a result of accelerating the completion of game tasks.

Indicators of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system in ensuring the regulation of heart rate activity in spectral analysis changed as follows: total spectrum power (TP) - 12280 ms ² , very low frequency waves (VLF) - 2%, low frequency waves (LF) - 68% , high frequency waves - (HF) - 33%, vagosympathetic balance coefficient (LF/HF) - 2.0 c.u. These changes indicate optimization in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system, regulation of the processes of excitation and inhibition in ensuring the activity of the heart rhythm.

Indicators of central hemodynamics changed as follows: heart rate (HR) - 68 beats/min, systolic blood pressure (SBP) - 115 mm. Hg, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) -72 mm. Hg, mean arterial pressure (BP avg.) - 68 mm. Hg, pulse blood pressure (PP) 43 mm. Hg, stroke volume of the heart (SV) - 67.3 ml, minute volume of blood circulation (MCV) - 4576.4 ml/min., cardiac index (CI) - 2.35 l/min/m ^2. , general peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) - 1496.4 dyn/s/cm ^-5 , specific peripheral vascular resistance (SPVR) - 36.6 c.u. These changes indicate optimization of the functioning and increase in the reserve capabilities of the athlete’s cardiovascular system.

Psychological testing indicators changed as follows: reactive anxiety (RT) - 31 points, personal anxiety (PT) - 44 points, memory for numbers - 5 points, memory for figures - 9 points, working memory - 39 points, operational thinking - 45 points , individual minute 58 s.; characteristics of attention: performance efficiency (ER) 30 sec., processing time (BP) 0.9 points, mental stability of attention (PU) - 0.73 points, speed of attention when performing the test - 148 sec., switchability of attention - 12 sec. These changes indicate an improvement in cognitive functions and psychophysiological indicators of athletes.

Index of functional changes (IFI, according to P.M. Baevsky) - 2.1 c.u. These changes indicate an increase in the athlete’s adaptive potential.

The technical result consists in optimizing the functional state of the athletes' body using neurobiofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain, in providing the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the processes of restoring the functional state of athletes after intense physical activity and for rehabilitation after psycho-emotional stress.

Thus, the proposed method for optimizing the functional state of athletes’ bodies using neurofeedback based on the β rhythm of the brain has new properties that provide a positive effect.

Literature (8)

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Claims (1)

A method for optimizing the functional state of athletes using neurofeedback according to the β rhythm of the brain, including conducting a neurofeedback session according to the β rhythm of the brain in conditions of active wakefulness with open eyes, consisting of a graphic session lasting 10 minutes and a gaming session lasting 16 minutes, characterized in that it is used athlete's position - sitting in front of a computer monitor screen, under conditions of voluntary muscle relaxation, while muscle tone is controlled by 2 myographic sensors, the electrodes of which are attached to the frontal muscle in the middle of the forehead at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other, EEG signals are recorded from the EEG -sensors attached to the scalp during bipolar lead at points Fz-Cz according to the international system of placing electrodes on the surface of the head “10-20”, the indifferent electrode is attached to the earlobe; the athlete is asked to increase and maintain the β rhythm of the brain above a level that reaches at least 30% of the fluctuations of the β rhythm of the brain at the very beginning of the session; in a graphic session in real time, biofeedback about the success of completing the task of voluntarily raising and maintaining the β rhythm of the brain above a given level is transmitted to the athlete through the computer monitor screen in the form of a visual signal in the form of a graphic line and an auditory signal depending on the β rhythm of the brain; the training effect is achieved as a result of gradually increasing the complexity of the task by increasing the level that must be exceeded by the β rhythm of the athlete’s brain; in a gaming session in real time, the athlete is given the task of selecting and maintaining a strategy for voluntarily raising the β rhythm of the brain above a level that reaches at least 30% of the fluctuations of the β rhythm of the brain at the very beginning of the session, provided that voluntary muscle relaxation is maintained, the completion of the task leads to accelerate the development of the game plot, the training effect is achieved as a result of accelerating the completion of game tasks.