RU2806130C1 - Levelling device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention consisting of a tripod, has a base with a rotating platform and three telescopic legs with precision levelling elements in the form of a screw pair, opening and folding simultaneously by means of mid-level braces, connected on hinges to the brackets of the telescopic legs and the cross of the central hinge with a tangential lock , moving back and forth along the central column of the tripod and reliably fixing the position of the three-section two-level telescopic legs at any angle of their opening, on the upper surface of the stationary part of the azimuth drive body, structurally positioned, installed and fixed with captive screws on the rotating platform of the tripod base, two mutually perpendicular and diametrically located levels with cylindrical ampoules to control the levelling of the device.

EFFECT: creation of a convenient and reliable levelling device for instruments weighing up to 150 kg, ensuring levelling accuracy.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of instrument making and is intended for installation and leveling of instruments.

Known patent No. 2184935 dated 02.27.2001 “Centering tripod”, containing a table with a centering sleeve, a rigid plumb line with a level, three supporting sliding legs and a brake unit. Each leg consists of a retractable part and a non-retractable part, hingedly connected to the table. The brake unit is made of electromagnetic powder and is installed on the retractable part of each leg. On the non-retractable part of the legs, with the possibility of interaction with the gear on the shaft of the brake powder electromagnetic unit, a gear rack is reinforced.

The leveling process occurs as follows: looking at the bubbles of a cross-shaped level of low accuracy on a rigid sliding plumb line and pressing the tripod down, tilt the table in the desired direction. In this case, the gear wheel on the axis of the brake powder electromagnetic unit is rolled along the gear rack, one leg is lengthened and the others are shortened, but thanks to the action of the return spring of the brake powder electromagnetic unit, the legs remain constantly pressed to the concrete base slab. When the position of the bubbles in the center of the level is fixed, voltage is applied to the brake powder electromagnetic assembly of the legs. Simultaneous locking of the moving parts on all three support legs occurs.

The disadvantage of this design is:

- limiting the mass of installed devices, determined by the mechanical characteristics of the return spring inside the housing of the brake powder electromagnetic unit;

- in the absence of power supply, it is not possible to record the result of leveling the tripod;

- the method of leveling the tripod does not structurally imply precise leveling;

- in the proposed design, it is recommended to check the accuracy of leveling and centering with an optical plumb line available on the tribrach of a geodetic instrument, for example a theodolite.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed design is the tripod design according to the author's certificate No. 224819 dated 02/17/1967. The invention relates to the field of geodetic instrument making. In the proposed tripod, the mounting screw is attached to a hollow telescopic rod with a level on the bracket, and its legs, with the possibility of roughly changing the length, are equipped with a device for micrometer changes in their length. The device consists of a metal insert with a screw, a single-stage bevel gear for rotating the screw, and a clamping screw.

The disadvantages of this design are:

- lack of positioning of the extendable part of the leg in relation to the metal insert. To ensure a change in the length of the leg in both one and the other direction, it is necessary to designate a sufficient distance for this between the metal insert and the extendable part of the leg;

- the need to use a screw rotation mechanism for a micrometer change in the length of the leg in the form of a single-stage bevel gear;

- a circular level is installed on the site of the centering telescopic rod, which, with arbitrary angular positioning in a plane parallel to the plane of the tripod head, will not significantly contribute to the process of accelerating the bringing of the geological tool into a horizontal position;

- in the proposed design, it is also recommended to additionally check the accuracy of leveling and centering with an optical plumb line available on the tribrach of the installed geodetic instrument, for example a theodolite.

The achieved technical result of the proposed invention is the creation of a convenient and reliable leveling device for instruments weighing up to 150 kg, ensuring leveling accuracy, and also having transverse and longitudinal rigidity to counteract bending and torque moments relative to the central axis of the device when exposed to standard wind loads that affect the accuracy of the readings devices, and to counteract overturning moments that occur during operation.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the structural and operational properties of the leveling device, which consists of a tripod and an azimuth drive, consisting of a fixed and movable part with elements for fastening devices, which can be replaced with a special platform.

The tripod has a base with a rotating platform and three three-section two-level telescopic legs with precision leveling elements in the form of a screw pair, opening and folding simultaneously by means of mid-level extensions, hingedly connected to the brackets of the three-section two-level telescopic legs and the crosspiece of the central hinge with a tangential lock, moving back and forth along the central column of the tripod and reliably fixing the position of the three-section two-level telescopic legs at any angle of their opening.

On the upper surface of the stationary part of the azimuth drive housing, structurally positioned, installed and fixed with captive screws on the rotating platform of the tripod base, there are two mutually perpendicular and diametrically located levels with cylindrical ampoules to control the leveling of the device.

In fig. 1 shows a general view of the leveling device; in fig. 2 - leveling device in working position; in fig. 3 - leveling device in transport position; in fig. 4 - leveling device, type A (location of levels); in fig. 5 - leveling device with the maximum limiting level of placement of devices from the supporting surface; in view K - an image of the stiffener M (one of three) between the side surfaces of the tripod base brackets; in fig. 6 - leveling device with a minimum limit level for placement of devices from the supporting surface; in fig. 7, view B - tear-out showing the coupling of the turntable base of the tripod by means of the turntable axle with the hole in the tripod base, view B - positioning of the turntable base of the tripod relative to the base of the tripod by combining the indices on the side surface of the turntable base of the tripod and the surface H of the tripod base; in fig. 8 section Zh-Zh - image of the tangential clamp of the cylindrical body of the base.

The leveling device consists of a tripod 1 and an azimuth drive 2 (Fig. 1).

On the lower mounting surface D of the housing of the azimuth drive 2 (Fig. 7, view B) there is a trunnion of the azimuth drive 3 (Fig. 7, view B) and a hole 4 for the mounting pin 5 of the rotary platform of the base 6 of the tripod 9 for positioning the azimuth drive on the base surface D of the rotary platform 6 of the base of the tripod 9, on which the azimuth drive 2 is fixed with captive screws 7 of the turntable 6.

On the upper surface E (Fig. 4) of the housing of the azimuth drive 2, parallel to its lower mounting surface G, there are platforms with fastening elements for installing two levels 8 with cylindrical ampoules 37. The platforms are located diametrically for ease of visualization of the leveling process of the leveling device in the presence of a complete set of installed equipment.

Spatially and structurally, the coordinates of the location of the level fastening elements on the platforms have a common reference base with the coordinates of the location of the hole 4 on the lower mounting surface G of the housing of the azimuth drive 2 (Fig. 7, view B) in such a way as to ensure a symmetrical location of one of the levels 8 with a cylindrical ampoule 37 (Fig. 4) between the two brackets 10 of the tripod base (Fig. 5 view K) and the parallel arrangement of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical ampoule 37 level 8 of the side surface M of the stiffener between the side surfaces of the brackets 10 of the tripod base (Fig. 5 view K) with combined indices 18 and 19 on the side surface of the turntable 6 of the base of the tripod 9 and the surface H of the base of the tripod, respectively (Fig. 7 view B). The second level 8 with a cylindrical ampoule is installed on another platform and is oriented perpendicular to the first (Fig. 4).

Tripod 1 contains a base 9 with three brackets 10 (Fig. 7, view B) and holes in them for hinge connection with fork brackets 14 (Fig. 6) of three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2).

In the center of the base 9 (Fig. 7, view B) of the tripod there is a cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 2) with a coaxial hole, in which, with the possibility of free rotation, a pin 12 of the turntable 6 of the base 9 of the tripod (Fig. 7, view B) is installed. To lock the rotating platform 6 of the tripod base 9, a tangential lock 13 is provided on the cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 2) of the tripod base 9 (Fig. 2). By rotating clockwise, the handle 15 of the tangential lock 13 of the cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 8) of the base 9 (Fig. 7 view B), mating with the internal threaded surface with the threaded surface of the axis 16, moves along it and, resting its end against the side surface L of the lock body 13, draws in the axis 16 along a tangent trajectory to the cylindrical surface of the axle 12 of the turntable 6 of the base of the tripod 9 (Fig. 7, view B). In this case, axis 16 (Fig. 8), acting with force on the side surface And of the cylindrical groove on the side surface of the axle 12 of the turntable 6 (Fig. 7 view B), acting as a wedge, selects a gap between the surface of the outer diameter of the axle 12 of the turntable 6 and the surface of the inner diameter of the coaxial hole of the cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 2) of the base 9 of the tripod (Fig. 7 view B). Thus, there is a frictional closure of the above-mentioned surfaces and locking of the rotating platform 6 of the tripod base 9 (Fig. 7, view B).

The operating diagram of the tangential lock 13 of the cylindrical protrusion 11 of the base 9 (Fig. 8) is unified for all cases of use in a tripod.

In the rotating platform 6 of the base 9 of the tripod (Fig. 7, view B), coaxially with the cylindrical surface of the axle 12 of the rotating platform 6, on the base surface D there is a mounting hole 17 and an installation pin 5 for installing and positioning the azimuthal drive 2 (Fig. 1). The rotating platform 6 of the base 9 of the tripod (Fig. 7, view B) in the traveling state of the leveling device and in the process of leveling the device is locked by the tangential lock 13 of the cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 8) of the base relative to the base of the tripod 9 (Fig. 7, view B) and is positioned by combining the indices 18 and 19 (Fig. 7, view B) on the side surface of the turntable 6 of the base 9 and the surface H of the base 9 of the tripod, respectively.

Three-section, two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2) are hingedly connected to the brackets 10 of the base of the tripod 9 by means of fork brackets 14 (Fig. 7, view B). The first section of the three-section, two-level telescopic leg 38 is a frame structure and consists of two tubular posts 20 connected on both sides by brackets 14 and 21 (Fig. 6). The bracket 21 has a tangential lock 22 for locking the cylindrical body 23 of the second section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38. The second section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg consists of a bracket 24 (Fig. 6) with a cylindrical body 23 of a precision leveling mechanism in the form of a screw pair located inside the cylindrical the housing 23 of the second section, and the rotation handle of the screw 28 of the precision leveling mechanism (Fig. 6), which reciprocates the third section 25 of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38 with a cup 26 and a support tip 27 (Fig. 6). It should be noted that the second and third sections of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38 (Fig. 2) move in a plane parallel and at some distance from the plane of the tubular posts 20 (Fig. 6) of the first section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38. This is achieved by the design of the brackets 21 and 24 (Fig. 6) of the first and second sections, respectively, of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38 (Fig. 2). This design of three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 is designed to provide free access to the rotation handle of the screw 28 of the precision leveling mechanism (Fig. 6) of the second section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38 when adjusting the leveling of the device, as well as to increase the rigidity and strength of the structure of the legs, and strength the design of the device as a whole, providing resistance to bending and torque moments relative to the central axis of the tripod when exposed to standard wind loads and overturning moments that arise during operation.

By drawing an imaginary plane through the axes of two tubular posts 20 of the first section, connecting with the same planes the axis of the cylindrical body 23 of the second section and the axes of the tubular posts 20 of the first section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg 38, we obtain a volumetric geometric figure of the first class of polyhedra with bases in the form of triangles projected onto the ends of the brackets 21 and 24 of the first and second sections of the three-section two-level telescopic leg, respectively (Fig. 6). The result is a triangular prism with variable height. The maximum height of the prism, and, consequently, the greatest rigidity and strength of the tripod 1 is ensured with a minimum height of the leveling device (Fig. 6), which makes it possible to increase the mass characteristics of the installed devices by thirty percent of the declared ones.

To prevent the three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2) of the tripod 1 (Fig. 1) from moving apart on a flat and smooth surface, to ensure their simultaneous opening and folding to save time in deploying and collapsing the device, to provide additional rigidity to the structure, mid-level stretchers 30 are provided (Fig. . 2), pivotally connecting the brackets 21 of the first section of the three-section, two-level telescopic legs 38 with the cross of the central hinge 31 (Fig. 6), moving back and forth along the central column 33 of the tripod (Fig. 2) and reliably locking the three-section, two-level telescopic legs 38 ( Fig. 2) by rotating the handle 39 (Fig. 6) of the tangential lock 32 of the cross 31 (Fig. 2) of the central hinge at any angle of their opening.

During transportation, the leveling device is folded and looks as shown in Fig. 3.

With combined indices 18 and 19 on the side surface of the turntable 6 of the base 9 of the tripod 1 and on the surface H of the base 9 of the tripod 1, respectively (Fig. 7 view B), the axle 12 of the turntable 6 of the base 9 of the tripod 1 (Fig. 7 view B) is locked tangential lock 13 of the cylindrical body 11 (Fig. 2) of the base 9 of the tripod 1 (Fig. 7 view B). The turntable 6 (Fig. 2) remains locked until the device is leveled.

The second section of three-section two-level telescopic legs of the tripod 1, consisting of a bracket 24 (Fig. 6) with a cylindrical body 23 of a precision leveling mechanism in the form of a screw pair, located inside the cylindrical body 23 of the second section and a handle for rotating the screw of a precision leveling mechanism 28 (Fig. 6) , is moved until the stop of the restrictive ring 34 of the cylindrical body 23 of the second section into the end of the bracket 21 of the first section (Fig. 6).

The third section 25 of the three-section two-level telescopic legs of the tripod 1 to ensure guaranteed travel when extending and retracting into the cylindrical body 23 of the second section when leveling the device in the transport position is positioned with a ring mark 35 on the outer diameter of the pipe of the third section flush with the end of the restrictive ring 34 of the cylindrical body 23 of the second sections (Fig. 6).

In the folded state, the three-section two-level telescopic legs of the tripod are fixed by rotating the handle 39 (Fig. 6) of the tangential lock 32 of the cross 31 of the central hinge on the central column 33, by braces 30 (Fig. 2) and by rotating the handle 29 of the tangential lock 22 of the bracket 21 (Fig. 6) the first section of three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2).

Before moving the tripod of the device into the working position, it is necessary to rotate the handle 39 (Fig. 6) to release the clamp of the tangential lock 32 of the cross 31 of the central hinge on the central column 33 (Fig. 2). When moving the crosspiece 31 of the central hinge (Fig. 2) until it stops against the limiter 36 of the central column 33 (Fig. 5), the three-section two-level telescopic legs are simultaneously fully opened and the crosspiece 31 of the central hinge is locked by rotating the handle 39 (Fig. 6) of the tangential lock 32 on the central column 33 (Fig. 2).

The process of preliminary leveling of the device is carried out by alternately reciprocating movement of the second section of three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2).

By rotating the handle 29 of the tangential lock 22 of the bracket 21 of the first section (Fig. 6), the second section of the three-section two-level telescopic legs is locked or released. When moving, the second section of the three-section two-level telescopic legs is mated by the internal guide surfaces of the bracket 24 of the second section with the outer guide surfaces of the tubular struts 20 of the first section, and the outer surface of the cylindrical body 23 of the second section with the internal guide surface of the bracket 21 of the first section of the three-section two-level telescopic legs (Fig. 6 ), which allows you to visually bring the central column 33 of the tripod 1 into a vertical position (Fig. 2).

At the same time, in the process of preliminary leveling of the device, its acceptable working height is established.

Spatially and structurally, the coordinates of the location of the fastening elements of the levels 8 with the cylindrical ampoule 37 placed on the upper surface E of the azimuth drive housing (Fig. 4) have a common reference base with the coordinates of the location of the hole 4 on the lower mounting surface G of the azimuth drive housing 2 (Fig. 7 view B ) under the mounting pin 5 of the turntable 6 of the tripod base 9, which guarantees the symmetrical arrangement of one of the levels 8 with a cylindrical ampoule 37 (Fig. 4)) between the two brackets 10 of the tripod base (Fig. 5 view K) and the parallel arrangement of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical ampoule level 37 of the side surface M of the stiffener between the side surfaces of the brackets 10 of the tripod base (Fig. 5, view K) with combined indices 18 and 19 on the side surface of the turntable 6 of the tripod base 9 and the surface H of the tripod base, respectively (Fig. 7, view B).

For precise leveling of the device, a precision leveling mechanism is used in the form of a screw pair inside the cylindrical housing 23 (Fig. 6) of the second section of two three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2) with the housing symmetrically located between them on the platform of the upper surface E (Fig. 4) azimuth drive level 8. Rotation of the handle 28 of the screw of the precision mechanism of the second section communicates the reciprocating movement of the third section 25 (Fig. 6) of three-section two-level telescopic legs. With simultaneous or alternate rotation of the handles 28 (Fig. 6) of the screw of the precision mechanism for leveling both three-section two-level telescopic legs 38 (Fig. 2), the third section 25 is pulled out from the cylindrical body 23 of the second section in one of the three-section two-level telescopic legs and retracted into cylindrical body 23 of the second section (Fig. 6) of the second three-section two-level telescopic leg, which leads to a change in the angle of inclination to one side or another of the surface H of the base 9 of the tripod (Fig. 7 view B), and a change in the angle of inclination of the axis of the cylindrical ampoule 37 of level 8 (Fig. 4) on the upper surface E of the azimuth drive housing. After installing the bubble of the cylindrical ampoule 37 of level 8 (Fig. 4) in this way in the zero position, the same actions are performed by the precision leveling mechanism of the third three-section two-level telescopic leg to level the second level in the direction perpendicular to the previous one.

The device allows you to ensure leveling accuracy as in the configuration shown in Fig. 1, and when installing a complete set of equipment, and adjust the position of the devices in height, and also ensure reliable, stable operation of the devices in the height range from 625 mm to 925 mm without tipping over or detaching from the supporting surface (Fig. 5, Fig. 6 ) from the supporting to the base surface D of the rotating platform 6 of the base 9 of the tripod 1 (Fig. 7, view B), with a minimum dead weight, thanks to the design, provides transverse and longitudinal rigidity to counteract bending and torque moments relative to the central axis of the device when exposed to standard wind loads , affecting the accuracy of instrument readings.

All of the above makes it possible to ensure ease of use, both in a prepared and unprepared position, and reduces the time of transferring the tripod from the transport position to the working position and back.

Claims (1)

A leveling device containing a tripod consisting of a base with a rotating platform, three three-section two-level telescopic legs, hingedly connected by fork brackets with three base brackets, mid-level braces, a central hinge cross with a tangential lock and a central column, and an azimuthal drive consisting of a fixed and a movable parts with elements for fastening devices, which can be replaced with a special platform, placed on the rotating platform of the tripod base, characterized in that on the lower mounting surface of the fixed part of the azimuth drive housing there is an azimuth drive trunnion and a hole for the mounting pin of the turntable base of the tripod for positioning the azimuth drive on the base surface of the rotating platform of the tripod base, on which the azimuth drive is fixed with captive screws of the turntable, and on the upper surface of the fixed part of the azimuth drive body, parallel to its lower mounting surface, there are platforms with fastening elements for installing two mutually perpendicular and diametrically located levels with cylindrical ampoules, and the coordinates of the hole on the lower mounting surface of the fixed part of the azimuth drive housing under the mounting pin of the rotating platform of the tripod base have a common reference base with the coordinates of the fastening elements of levels with cylindrical ampoules placed on the platforms, and are selected in such a way as to ensure the symmetrical location of one of the levels with a cylindrical ampoule between two brackets of the tripod base and a parallel arrangement of the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical ampoule of the side surface of the stiffener between the side surfaces of these tripod base brackets with combined indices on the side surface of the turntable of the tripod base and the upper surface of the tripod base, while in the center of the tripod base there is a cylindrical a housing with a coaxial hole in which the axle of the turntable is installed, which, when leveling the device, is locked by a tangential lock of the cylindrical body of the tripod base and remains in this state until the end of leveling of the device, which is ensured by a three-section two-level telescopic design of the tripod legs, hingedly connected by fork brackets to the tripod base brackets , and braces pivotally connected to the brackets of the first section of three-section two-level telescopic legs and the cross of the central hinge, in which the bracket with the cylindrical body of the second section of the legs and a precision leveling mechanism with the third section inside is able to move back and forth along the external guide surfaces of the tubular racks of the first section and along the internal guide surface of the bracket of the first section in a plane parallel and at some distance from the plane of location of the two tubular racks of the first section, which, with the planes connecting the axis of the cylindrical body of the second section and the axis of the tubular racks of the first section of the three-section two-level telescopic leg, forms a rigid volumetric geometric figure the first class of polyhedra with bases in the form of triangles, projected onto the ends of the brackets of the first and second sections, and is a triangular prism with variable height when choosing the working height of the device in the process of its preliminary leveling by means of reciprocating movement of the second section of legs with periodic locking, or releasing the second section of three-section two-level telescopic legs by rotating the handle of the tangential clamp of the first section bracket, as a result of which the central column of the tripod is visually installed in a vertical position, after which, with strict constructive positioning of the azimuth drive housing, turntable and tripod to each other, the axis of the cylindrical ampoule of the level , located on the upper plane of the drive body, is visualized symmetrically between the two brackets of the tripod base parallel to the surface of the stiffener between the side surfaces of the tripod base brackets with combined indices on the side surface of the turntable of the tripod base and the upper surface of the tripod base, which allows for simultaneous or alternately opposite to each other rotation of the screw handles of the precision mechanism of the second section of both three-section two-level telescopic legs, the third section extends from the cylindrical body of the second section in one of the three-section two-level telescopic legs and retracts into the cylindrical body of the second section of the second three-section two-level telescopic leg, which helps to change the angle of inclination to one or the other side of the surface of the base of the tripod and changing the angle of inclination of the axis of the cylindrical ampoule of the level on the upper surface of the azimuthal drive housing, and allows, having thus installed the bubble of the cylindrical ampoule of the level to the zero position, to perform the same actions by the precision leveling mechanism of the third three-section two-level telescopic leg and level the second level in direction perpendicular to the previous one.

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