RU2805733C1 - Device for eliminating defects in metal structure on the inner walls of pipelines by magnetic pulse treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: devices for magnetic pulse processing of metals, and is intended to eliminate hard-to-reach defects in the metal structure during the manufacture and operation of pipelines in the oil and gas industry. The device contains a housing made in the form of a thick-walled cylinder, in the walls of which the current winding is located. The current winding is removably placed in two diametrically opposed screw channels made on the outer surface of the housing walls. At the ends of the current winding there are pins installed in the through holes of the housing with the possibility of connecting to a magnetic-pulse installation. There are cavities on both sides of the body, in each of which a support in the form of a sphere is installed with the possibility of rotation. Between the supports in the body there are rectangular cavities with through holes opposite each other, in which wheels are installed, which have external protection made of composite materials. Inside the case there is a mount for the radio control system, secured to the inner surface of the case with clamps. The specified mount contains a radio control system consisting of a battery, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the Arduino board and the driver inputs. The input of the Arduino board is connected to the output of the Bluetooth board, and its outputs are connected to the input of the Bluetooth board and the driver inputs, the outputs are connected to the stepper motors inputs. To each stepper motor a rotatable shaft of the radio control system is attached, on which a gear of the shaft of the radio control system is fixed with the ability to interact with the gear of the wheel shaft, installed perpendicular to it at the end of the wheel shaft.

EFFECT: eliminating defects on the inner surface of pipelines, increasing their service life.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to magnetic pulse processing of metals, is intended to eliminate hard-to-reach defects in the metal structure during the manufacture and operation of pipelines and can be used in the oil and gas industry.

An inductor for processing cylindrical workpieces is known (RU patent No. 2257274, published on July 27, 2005), consisting of a set of series-electrically connected metal disks with insulating junctions,

having a radial cut from the internal hole to the periphery. The radial cut is made in the form of a sector with an angle of 120°, each metal disk has an insulating layer only on one side and along the end surfaces and is in contact with the non-insulated side of the adjacent metal disk on the surface of the sector with an angle of 120° to form a spiral from a double layer of metal disks with preliminary axial compression.

The disadvantage of the device is low durability and performance of the inductor, since part of the electrical energy passing through the disk is converted into an electromagnetic field around it. The interaction of electromagnetic fields of neighboring disks causes large loads in the form of pressure acting on the disks, which leads to rapid failure of the inductor due to low reliability disk connections.

An inductor for magnetic-pulse distribution of tubular blanks is known (patent RU No. 2542190, published on February 20, 2015), containing a multi-turn spiral, between the turns of which paired insulating spacers are installed, a textolite base mounted in the internal cavity of the spiral in contact with insulating spacers, central current lead, end current lead, fixed to the end of the spiral, while along the periphery of the textolite base there is a screw groove for cooling, the end current lead is made in the form of a steel pipe with a flange for fastening to the end of the spiral, installed on the central current lead isolated from it by means of a fluoroplastic pipe to form coaxial type current supply.

The disadvantage of this device is that when processing pipelines of large diameter, the length of the spiral increases significantly, since the spiral is placed along the entire periphery of the inductor, which leads to an increase in the inductance of the inductor spiral, respectively, to a decrease in the natural frequency of the discharge circuit, which can cause limitations on the dimensions of the pipeline being processed.

A device for magnetic-pulse processing of cylindrical parts is known (USSR author's certificate No. 1125847, published on August 09, 1995), containing a coaxially installed source of magnetic-pulse energy with a conductive spiral and a satellite made of electrically conductive material in the form of a cylinder with a longitudinal section along the generatrix, the edges of the satellite, formed by a longitudinal section, are located overlapping one another, and the device is equipped with an elastic sleeve for transmitting pressure from the satellite and rigidly interconnected annular flanges located at the ends of the satellite and the elastic sleeve.

The disadvantage of this device is low productivity, due to the fact that pressure is transmitted to the workpiece being processed by an elastic sleeve installed between the satellite and the workpiece, which leads, during cyclic loading, to a decrease in the deformation elasticity of the sleeve, respectively, to a decrease in the efficiency of the device with the necessary subsequent replacement of the sleeve.

A device for magnetic pulse processing of metals is known (USSR author's certificate No. 1761343, published on September 15, 1992), containing a single-layer spiral and a replaceable intermediate element, inductively coupled to the spiral and the workpiece and made, for example, in the form of a ring having a through slot along the generatrix. In this case, the intermediate element has two equal-thickness walls equidistant from each other, having the same width and electrically connected in the slot area, and the ends of the intermediate element in the slot area have rectangular protrusions and grooves, made in such a way that the protrusions of one end correspond to the grooves of the other.

The disadvantage of this device is that the effect of the inductor on the workpiece is carried out through the intermediate element, since when the discharge current passes through the spiral of the inductor, an induction current is induced on the surface of the intermediate element, which flows along the surface of the intermediate element to the surface adjacent to the workpiece, inducing an induction current in it current. Thus, part of the electrical energy passing through the intermediate element is converted into heat, which leads to a decrease in efficiency, according to the efficiency of the inductor.

On the other hand, the intermediate element is made of sheet materials with low mechanical resistance, which leads to its deformation during cyclic loading, since during magnetic pulse processing significant stresses arise in the working area of the inductor, acting on both the workpiece and the inductor elements .

An inductor with an unloaded winding for processing metals under magnetic field pressure is known (USSR author's certificate No. 1754283, published on August 15, 1992), adopted as a prototype, including a current winding and a magnetic field concentrator with a radial cut along the generatrix. The inductor is equipped with a protrusion connected to the concentrator and located outside the inductor, the magnetic flux concentrator is made in the form of a current-conducting thick-walled cylinder composite along the cylindrical surface with a screw groove along the mating surface for the current winding, with one end of the current winding connected to the concentrator, and the second forms with protrusion of the coaxial conductor.

The disadvantage of the inductor is that the inductor includes a composite current-carrying cylinder, consisting of an inner part and a cover with a radial gap along the generatrix of the cylinder; the inner part and covers are electrically connected to each other along the entire perimeter, which leads to a complex distribution of the induced current and rectification of the current in gap zone. This causes the magnetic field to dissipate, resulting in uneven magnetic field pressure in the slot area.

The technical result is to provide the ability to repair hard-to-reach places on the internal walls of pipelines.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the current winding is located with the possibility of removal in two diametrically opposed screw channels made on the outer surface of the housing walls, while at the ends of the current winding there are pins installed in the through holes of the housing with the possibility of connecting to a magnetic pulse installation on the sides the housing has cavities on both sides, in each of which a support in the form of a sphere is installed with the possibility of rotation; between the supports in the housing there are rectangular cavities with through holes opposite each other, in which wheels are installed, which have external protection made of composite materials; mount for a radio control system, fixed to the inner surface of the case with clamps; in this mount there is fixed a radio control system consisting of a battery, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the Arduino board and driver inputs, the input of the Arduino board is connected to the output of the Bluetooth board, and its outputs are connected to the input of the board Bluetooth and driver inputs, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of stepper motors, to each of which a shaft of the radio control system is attached with the possibility of rotation, on which a gear of the shaft of the radio control system is installed, fixed with the ability to interact with the gear of the wheel shaft, mounted perpendicular to it at the end of the wheel shaft .

The device is illustrated by the following figure:

fig. 1 – general view of the device;

fig. 2 – general view of the device in 3D;

fig. 3 – top view;

Fig.4 – cross-sectional view;

fig. 5 – side view;

fig. 6 – front view;

fig. 7 – diagram of the radio control system. Ult^

1 – pipeline;

2 – body;

3 – holes for leads;

4 – conclusions;

5 – screw channel;

6 – turn insulation;

7 – mount for the radio control system;

8 – fasteners;

9 – radio control system;

10 – shaft of the radio control system;

11 – wheel;

12 – holes for wheels;

13 – support;

14 – cavity;

15 – gear shaft of the radio control system;

16 – wheel shaft gear;

17 – clamp for supports$

18 – wheel shaft;

19 – wheel protection;

20 – current winding;

21 – cavity;

22 – retainer.

23 – battery;

24 – Arduino board;

25 – Bluetooth board;

26 – driver;

27 – stepper motor;

28 – control panel.

A device for eliminating defects in the metal structure on the internal walls of a pipeline by magnetic pulse processing contains a housing 2 (Fig. 1-6) made in the form of a thick-walled cylinder, made of insulating materials, for example titanium alloys with high active resistance. The housing 2 has through holes for leads 3. On the outer surface of the housing 2 there are two diametrically opposed screw channels 5, in each of them a current winding 20 is removably installed, made in the form of a spiral, for example, from beryllium bronze, which has good electrical conductivity. Turn insulation 6 is fixed to the outside of the current windings 20. At the ends of each current winding 20, pins 4 are removably fixed with the ability to connect to a magnetic pulse installation (not shown in the figure). On the sides of the body 2 on both sides there are cavities 14, in each of them a support 13 is installed, using a latch 17, made in the form of a sphere with the possibility of rotation and made of materials with high mechanical properties, for example titanium, the center of the support 13 is located in such a way that the height of the protruding part of the support 13, outside the housing 2, did not exceed 5 mm. In the housing 2 between the supports 13 there are cavities 21 of rectangular shape. Inside the cavity 21 there are through holes 12 of rectangular shape, opposite each other, in which wheels 11 are installed. On the outside of the wheels 11 there is a wheel protection 19 made of composite materials that have high heat resistance, strength and elasticity, for example from a carbon-carbon composite material . Inside the housing 2 there is a mount for the radio control system 7, which is secured to the inner surface of the housing 2 with clamps 22. Inside the mount for the radio control system 7, the radio control system 9 is fixed and secured with fasteners 8. The radio control system 9 (Fig. 7) consists of a battery 23 outputs which are connected to the inputs of the Arduino board 24 and drivers 26. The input of the Arduino board 24 is connected to the output of the Bluetooth board 25, and its outputs are connected to the input of the Bluetooth board 25 and the driver inputs 26. The outputs of the drivers 26 are connected to the inputs of stepper motors 27, to each of which the shaft of the radio control system 10 is rotatable. At the end of each shaft of the radio control system 10 there is a gear of the shaft of the radio control system 15, which is fixed with the ability to interact with the gear of the wheel shaft 16, which is installed perpendicular to it at the end of the wheel shaft 18. The device for magnetic pulse processing of the internal walls of pipelines contains a control panel 28.

The device works as follows. The device is completely installed inside the pipeline 1, so that the current winding 20 faces the defective area of the pipeline, previously determined during the diagnostic process. After installing the device, terminals 4 of the current winding 20 are connected to the magnetic-pulse installation using a current-carrying cable, each current winding is connected by a separate cable to the magnetic-pulse installation, which makes it possible to process the pipeline walls with one or two windings simultaneously, depending on the location of the defective zones The device is moved inside the pipeline to the defective area using a radio control system 9. The radio control system operates as follows. The control panel 28 sends an electronic signal, which the Bluetooth board 25 receives and transmits to the Arduino board 24, which in turn processes it and translates it into a movement command, for example forward, backward, stop, depending on the type of incoming signal. Then it transmits a command to the driver 26, which, in accordance with the command of the Arduino board 24, changes the direction of the current coming from the battery 23 and feeding the stepper motor 27. As a result, the stepper motor 27 rotates, attached to it, the shaft of the radio control system 10, time and directions rotation is determined by the received command from the Arduino board 24. The Arduino board 24 and the driver 26 receive electrical power directly from the battery, while the stepper motor 27 receives power through the driver 26, and the Bluetooth board 25 from the Arduino board 24. Horizontal rotation of the shaft of the radio control system 10 turns into a vertical one with the help of the gear of the radio control system shaft 15 and the gear of the wheel shaft 16 and is transmitted to the wheel shaft 18, which in turn rotates the wheels 11, as a result the device moves inside the pipeline to a distance specified by the radio control system 9.

The magnetic pulse installation contains pulse capacitors, which are charged to a certain energy using a charger. The stored energy in the capacitors is instantly discharged using vacuum or gas dischargers and, through a cable, transmits a high-energy discharge current of a damped sinusoidal nature to terminals 4. The current winding 20 converts the high-energy discharge current into a magnetic pulse field acting in the working area. The magnetic-pulse field induces induction currents in the pipeline being processed, which in turn, in their working area, form a magnetic-pulse field. The interaction of the magnetic-pulse fields of the current winding 20 of the device and induction currents causes electrodynamic forces, leading to plastic deformation of continuity defects and a reduction in their size. On the other hand, induction currents are concentrated near continuity defects, leading to heating of these zones, which is accompanied by thermal expansion and, as a consequence, thermal compressive stresses arise in the contour of the defects, leading to their closure.

The device has a number of advantages over previous models. The housing is made in the form of a thick-walled cylinder made of insulating materials, which will increase the working area of the device and increase its operational durability by preventing strong heating due to the large area of the housing. The device contains two turn windings located diametrically opposite with the possibility of separate connection to a magnetic pulse installation, which leads to a decrease in the length of the turn winding, respectively, to a decrease in the inductance of the device and an increase in its performance. High electrical conductivity and good mechanical properties of the current winding material expand the functionality of the device and increase the efficiency. The ability to move inside pipelines, which will allow you to process hard-to-reach places on the internal walls of pipelines.

Claims (1)

A device for eliminating defects in the metal structure on the internal walls of a pipeline by magnetic pulse processing, containing a housing made in the form of a thick-walled cylinder, in the walls of which a current winding is located, characterized in that the current winding is located with the possibility of removal in two diametrically located walls of the housing on the outer surface opposite screw channels, while at the ends of the current winding there are fixed leads installed in the through holes of the housing with the possibility of connecting to a magnetic-pulse installation, on the sides of the housing on both sides there are cavities, in each of which a support in the form of a sphere is installed with the possibility of rotation, between supports in the body are made of rectangular cavities with through holes opposite each other, in which wheels are installed, which have external protection made of composite materials; inside the body there is a mount for the radio control system, fixed to the inner surface of the body with clamps; in the said mount there is fixed a radio control system consisting of battery, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the Arduino board and the driver inputs, the input of the Arduino board is connected to the output of the Bluetooth board, and its outputs are connected to the input of the Bluetooth board and the driver inputs, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of stepper motors, each of which is attached with the possibility of rotation the shaft of the radio control system, on which the gear of the shaft of the radio control system is installed, fixed with the ability to interact with the gear of the wheel shaft, installed perpendicular to it at the end of the wheel shaft.