RU2804143C1 - Composite material based on synthetic polymers and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: composite materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to methods for producing a composite material based on synthetic polymers for production of film sheets. The method includes mixing a synthetic thermoplastic polymer, a plasticized polysaccharide as an organic material, a maleated polymer as a binding agent, a resin of plant origin and/or a mixture of terpenes and terpenoids, and/or a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids as a dispersant, an amide lubricant or oleates , or one or more of the nonionic surfactants as a processing additive at a mass ratio in parts: organic material - 5-90, binding agent - 5-25, dispersant - 0.3-8, processing additive - 3-8, synthetic polymer - 5-90. Mixing is carried out in a paddle, planetary type mixer or in a turbo mixer, with further compounding of the previously obtained mixture of components in a mixer with paddle rollers, at a melt mixing temperature of 140-210°C, granulating the mixture and drying at 60-100°C for 1-10 hours. Before mixing the components, the process of dehydration of the plasticized polysaccharide is carried out, during which it is dried to a residual moisture content of 5-10% at a temperature of 60-100°C for duration of 3-10 hours in a vacuum oven or drying furnace.

EFFECT: provision of a method for producing a composite material for production of a film sheet with a thickness of 10-15 microns with biodegradable properties.

1 cl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a composite material based on synthetic polymers.

Traditional materials for producing disposable packaging products are polyesters - polyethylene and polypropylene - in the long-established market of which the introduction of any alternatives is perceived with great difficulty due to proven technologies and high characteristics of materials that meet the requirements of the players (manufacturers and consumers of finished products). However, the use of these polymers in large volumes has resulted in an environmental problem on a global scale - environmental pollution. The main disadvantage of products based on traditional polyolefins is the high duration of complete degradation (100-500 years) with a short period of use (on average 30 minutes).

As a solution to the problem of environmental pollution, the practice of collecting, sorting and recycling plastic waste is being considered and introduced by the interested society. The process of recycling used plastic is often limited by the influence of factors such as non-polymer contamination and progressive degradation of properties. Consequently, the quality of products obtained from secondary polymers is, as a rule, lower than from primary polymer raw materials, hence the limited scope of application in final products, and the recovered material is of low quality. Thus, recycling processes, due to the limited thermal stability of polymers, do not solve the problem of the natural environment.

Solutions existing in the world in the field of materials for disposable everyday products as alternatives to traditional plastics can be divided into several groups:

- Paper material;

- Woven material;

- Biodegradable materials, including polymers of biological origin, polymers based on fossil raw materials, synthetically produced polymers (polylactides, PLA - polylactic acid, PHA - polyhydroxyalkanoates, starch mixtures, PBS - polybutylene succinate, PBAT polybutyrate adipine terephthalate, etc.);

- Traditional polymers with the addition of biodegradable additives.

The advantage of paper products is their ease of disposal and short complete decomposition time. However, the production of paper products requires a huge amount of resources, several times greater than the amount of resources for producing plastic products, namely electricity, as well as water resources, which ultimately pollute the environment in the form of toxic wastewater. It is worth considering that, despite the renewability of raw materials, it is impossible to use virgin wood to provide a market without harming the environment, and waste paper requires large resource costs. In addition, paper products can only be used once. They have low strength and are not moisture resistant. When paper decomposes in a landfill, it emits methane gas, the greenhouse effect of which is tens of times higher than that of CO ₂ .

The main disadvantages of reusable fabric materials in the form of bags and shopping bags are offered on the market as an alternative to plastic bags: they are not hygienic for reuse; When making impulsive purchases that can be made every day, as a rule, the buyer does not have bags with him. Frequently purchasing a fabric bag makes it expensive and environmentally unsafe.

As an alternative solution to traditional plastic, biopolymers have become widespread around the world. According to the latest data from the European Bioplastics Institute and the nova-Institute (Hürth, Germany), which are leaders in biopolymer research, global biodegradable plastics production capacity was 1.11 million tons in 2018. In the consumption structure, the largest area of application of bioplastics is packaging - 65% of the total bioplastics market. The use of bioplastics across all market segments is increasing annually, driven by growing demand for sustainable products from consumers and brands, as awareness of the environmental impact and the need to reduce dependence on fossil resources grows. Also fueling market growth are ongoing advances and innovations in the bioplastics industry in new materials with improved properties and new functionality. The use of bioplastics is stimulated by the legal framework of states where they are trying to solve the problem of environmental pollution at the government level.

The main types of biodegradable plastics based on biological substances for packaging are biopolymers such as PLA (polylactic acid), PHA (polyhydroxyalkanoates). The disadvantages of using the above examples of biodegradable polymers in their pure form are the high cost and limited application due to their physical and mechanical characteristics.

The first biopolymer production company was created in 1983 by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) and the venture capital firm Marlborough Teeside Management (UK). Novamont is also one of the pioneers in the field of biopolymers. Since its founding in 1989, the company has conducted research in the field of bioplastics and during its existence has released several generations of plant-based plastic “Mater-Bi”. The ecovio® brand polymer from the BASF chemical corporation has become famous in the world market of biodegradable materials. BASF has been offering certified compostable and primarily bio-based polymer since 2006 of the year. It consists of BASF ecoflex® compostable polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) and other additives.

On the Russian market, imported oxo-decomposing additives are used to biodegrade products. Such masterbatches do not change the production process and do not have a significant impact on changes in the cost of the resulting products due to their low concentration (1-3%) in the total mass of raw materials. The world leader and pioneer in the development of additives for the production of biodegradable products based on conventional plastics is Symphony Environmental (UK) with the D2W (degradable to water) additive, which contains metal salts and is introduced into the polymer in a ratio of 1% additive to 99% of the base material. The additive causes the product to disintegrate into small flakes. Before microplastic begins to decompose, its fragments spread throughout the environment, harming its inhabitants and entering the food chain.

Technical solutions based on the use of special additives and fillers for traditional synthetic plastics do not replace or only partially replace hydrocarbon raw materials with renewable ones, however, such methods make it possible to maintain the current consumption model on which the world economy is based and to radically reduce the harm of using plastic products, in the first place queue of disposable bags, on the environment.

The closest analogues of the invention are polymer compounds based on synthetic polymers, starch and functional additives, obtained under extrusion processing conditions, intended for the manufacture of film products.

There are a number of related patents, valid and not valid, registered in Russia by domestic and foreign organizations and individuals.

Compositions consisting of several phases are known (patent RU 2476465, C08L 67/02, C08L 3/02, C08J 5/18, C08L 101/16, published 02.27.2013, patent RU 2479607, C08L 67/02, C08L 3/02, C08J 5/18, B82B 1/00, published 04/20/2013)  In particular, one of the phases is a hydrophobic polymer incompatible with starch. May be polymers with an elastic modulus of less than 200 MPa and an ultimate elongation of more than 500%, mixed aliphatic-aromatic diacid/diol polyesters. The aliphatic acids are selected from one of succinic, adipic, azelaic, sebacic, undecanedicarboxylic, dodecanedicarboxylic, brassilic acid or mixtures thereof. The hydrophobic matrix can be biodegradable polymers such as polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyesters and polyamides. The second phase is starch - destructured natural starches in the form of nanoparticles less than 0.3 microns in size. The third is an inelastic and brittle polymer (polylactic and polyglycolic acid). The composition is suitable for producing bags and packaging materials from elastic, durable thin films.

A biologically degradable thermoplastic composition made from LDPE is known, including waste LDPE (60-70%), starch (18-24%), glycerin (9-12%) and sorbitol (3-4%). Processing temperature 140-150 °C (patent RU 2645677, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/02, C08K 5/053, published 02/27/2018). The composition is biologically degradable after a service life of 18 months. Designed to produce films by extruding granulate on an extruder with a slotted head.

A biologically degradable thermoplastic composition containing porous corn starch is known (patent RU 2691988, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/04, C08K 5/053, C08K 7/22, C08L 101/16, published 06/19/2019). The composition of thermoplastic starch includes porous corn starch obtained by biocatalytic hydrolysis of native corn starch in the presence of amylolytic enzymes, with the following ratio of components, mass. %: porous corn starch 18.0-21, glycerin 9.0-10.5, sorbitol 3.0-3.5, low-density polyethylene the rest.

There is a known method for producing a seamless tubular casing for food packaging based on thermoplastic starch and/or thermoplastic starch derivative and an additional natural or synthetic polymer (patent PL 333530 A1, A22C 13/00, C08J 5/18, C08L 3/02, publ. 06.12 .1999, patent HU 0100774 A2, A22 C13/00, C08L 3/02, C08L 3/06, published June 28, 2001, patent PL 344485 A1, A22C 13/00, B29C 49/04, B65D 65 /46, C08J 5/16, C08J 5/18, C08L 3/00, C08L 3/02, C08L 3/06, C08L 75/06, published 11/05/2001).

Among the foreign patents related to the field under study, the bulk of the documents are from patent holders from China; there are also patents from Korea, Taiwan, and US applications.

A known composition is based on starch (patent KR 100458042, C08K 5/05, C08L 23/08, C08L 23/26, C08L3/02, publ. 03/19/2003), grafted with polyethylene glycidyl methacrylate, plasticizer (from glycerin, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol) la, low molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitol), initiator, (from benzoyl peroxide; dicumyl peroxide; isobutyryl peroxide; 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy) butane), autooxidizer (from oleamide, manganese oleate, manganese stearate, ferrous oleate, ferrous stearate and mixtures thereof) .

A known composition includes, in addition to polyethylene and starch, a biodegradable resin based on polytetramethylene succinate selected from aliphatic polyester, polytetramethylene adipate, polypropiolactone, polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and polyhydroxybutyl (patent KR 100484721 B1, C08L 23/06, C08L3/00, C08 L 67/00 , published April 20, 2005).

A known composition includes, in addition to polyethylene and starch, a coupling agent (maleic anhydride, methacrylic anhydride or maleimide), a radical initiator (benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, dicumyl peroxide, Lupersol IOI (Pennwalt) Co.) or Perkadox -14 (Akzo Co.), autooxidizer (manganese oleate, manganese stearate, iron(II) oleate, iron(II) stearate and mixtures thereof), plasticizer (oleamide, viton or erucamide), acrylonitrile or styrene or ethyl acrylate comonomer (patent KR 960012444 B1, C08L 1/00, C08L 101/00, C08L 101/16, C08L 23/04, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/00, C08L 3/02, published 09/20/1996).

A known composition includes granulated starch and polyethylene bound by compatibilizers (maleic anhydride, acrylic and/or methacrylic acids) - does not include a plasticizer (patent US 7608649 B2, C08L 101/00, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/00, C08L 3/02, C08L 89/00, C09J 199/00, D21H 19/54, published 10/27/2009).

There are known compositions, one of which includes corn starch, PVD, ethylene acrylic acid copolymer, sodium hydroxide; in the other - starch, a copolymer of ethylene acrylic acid, a salt of stearic acid and, as an additional polymer, polyethylene (patent US 5449708 A, C08L 3/02, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/00, C08L 89/00, published 09/12/1995 , patent US 5162392 A, B29C 45/00, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/02, published 11/10/1992).

A known composition includes a plasticized matrix of gelatinized starchy material and a copolymer of ethylene and acrylic acid, additionally including polyethylene, the neutralizing agent is ammonia (patent EP 0032802 B1, C08J 5/18, C08K 3/28, C08K 5/00, C08L 1/00, C08L 101/00, C08L 23/00, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 27/00, C08L 3/00, C08L 3/02, C08L 33/00, C08L 33/02, C08L 89/00, published July 29, 1981).

Multicomponent materials are known, intended, in particular, for mulching films, where several fillers are used; in addition to starch, brown algae, corn stover, charcoal powder can be added (patent CN 107820970 A, A01G 13/02, C08L 23/06, C08L 3 /02, C08L 51/02, published 03.23.2018, patent KR 101307194 B1, C08K 3/04, C08L 101/16, C08L 23/02, C08L 3/02, published 09.11.2013, patent KR 101542604 B1, C08J 5/18, C08L 101/16, C08L 23/06, C08L 97/02, published 08/06/2015)

An invention is known in which coconut fiber is included as a degradation agent as part of a biodegradable additive, and coconut oil is used as a binder (patent CN 101787156 B, C08J 3/22, C08K 3/26, C08K 3/34, C08K 5/098 , C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, published 12/25/2013).

There are known inventions for thin film material containing food starch, glycerin, diglycol, stearic acid, calcium stearate, monoglyceride, ethylene methyl acrylate, polyethylene; differ in the presence of sorbierite in one, butanediol in the other, a copolymer of ethylene and acrylate, a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate in the third (patent CN 101942116 B, C08K5/04, C08K 5/053, C08K 5/098, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, publ. 02/08/2012, patent CN 101935408 B, B29B 9/06, B29C 48/92, B65D 33/02, B65D 65/46, B65F 1/00, C08K 13/ 02, C08K 5/053, C08K 5/06, C08K 5/09, C08K 5/098, C08K 5/103, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, published 04/25/2012, patent CN 102134333 B, C08K 5/053, C08K 5/06, C08K 5/098, C08K 5/103, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, published 04/17/2013).

The invention of a plastic bag based on modified starch and polyethylene is known, inosine diphosphate hydroperoxide (IDP) is added (patent CN 102050260 B, B29C 49/78, B65D 30/02, C08L 23/06, C08L 5/14, published 06/12/2013 ).

An invention is known that discloses a composite material of polyethylene, corn starch, filler (preferably calcium sulfate), plasticizer (preferably sodium stearate). Granulation is carried out on a twin-screw extruder at a head temperature of preferably 100°C, with the screws rotating at a speed of 110 rpm (patent CN 102161797 B, C08K 3/30, C08K 5/098, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, publ. July 11, 2012).

There is a known method for producing a thin film (patent CN 103044715 B, C08K 5/09, C08K 5/12, C08K 5/39, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/02, C08L 67/04, publ. 10/14/2015). In this case, starch is more of a main component (40-60%) than a filler. Polyethylene composition – 8-15%. The rest is dioctyl phthalate, sodium thiocarbamate, stearic acid, acetone, polyhydroxybutyrate.

An invention is known in which a plasticizer is used as auxiliary substances - from tributyl citrate, mineral oil, urea and formamide; solid lubricant - magnesium stearate; thermal stabilizer - triphenylphosphite (patent CN 103483850 B, C08L 101/00, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 3/02, C08L 5/00, C08L 67/04, published 08/10/2016)

A biodegradable film is known, which additionally contains 0.5-3% microcrystalline cellulose, 1-2% zinc stearate (patent CN 104098791 B, C08K 3/30, C08K 5/053, C08K 5/07, C08K 5/098, C08L 1/02, C08L 23/06, C08L 23/30, C08L 3/02, published 04/13/2016). The material is obtained in three stages: a) Thermoplasticization of starch occurs with high-speed mixing and thermal exposure to a mixture of starch, water, glycerin and urea; after cooling, the mixture is crushed. b) Thermoplastic starch and other raw materials with polyethylene are uniformly mixed and extruded into granules using a twin screw extruder. c) Next, the mixture is blown into film.

An invention is known in which the decomposition accelerator of a plastic bag is 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (patent CN 104927318 A, B65D 65/46, C08K 13/02, C08K 3/26, C08L 1/28, C08L 23/ 06, C08L 25/10, C08L 29/04, C08L 3/02, C08L 3/04, C08L 5/08, C08L 67/04, publ. 09/23/2015).

The inventions of such documents as (patent CN 102226020 B, B29B 9/06, B29C 48/92, C02F 11/00, C02F 11/12, C08K 11/00, C08K 13/08, C08L 23) also overlap with the above in composition 06, C08L 23/12, published 11/21/2012, patent CN 107083028 A, C08K 13/02, C08K 3/34, C08K 5/098, C08L 29/04, C08L 3/02, C08L 67/00, C08L 67/04, C08L 71/02, published 08/22/2017, patent CN 107417982 A, B65D 65/46, C08K 5/20, C08L 1/28, C08 L23/06, C08L 23/08, C08L 29 /04, C08L 3/02, C08L 67/04, C08L 71/02, publ. 12/01/2017, patent CN 107602939 A, B29B 9/06, C08K 5/42, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/02 , C08L 67/04, C08L 97/02, published 01/19/2018, patent CN 109111635 A, C08J 5/18, C08K 3/22, C08K 5/11, C08K 7/06, C08L 23/06, C08L 3/02, C08L 5/00, C08L 97/02, published 01/01/2019).

An invention is known that describes the use of one or more of benzophenone, an aromatic ketone, an aromatic amine, acetophenone, ferric acetylacetonate, 2-hydroxy-4-methylacetophenone oxime, ferric stearate as a photodegrading agent (patent CN 105778452 A, B29C 48/92, C08K 13/02, C08K 3/26, C08L 23/06, C08L 29/04, C08L 3/10, C08 L5/08, C08L 67/02, C08L 67/04, C08L 71/02, published 07/20/2016 G.).

An invention is known in which the following series of thermal photooxidizing agents of destruction are titanium dioxide, n-octylferrocene, ferric chloride, polyisobutylene, nickel acetylacetone nitrosyl chloride, stearic acid, stearyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol, one or more dodecylbenzene; thermal oxidative destructor containing iron, manganese, cobalt, copper, lanthanum, praseodymium oxide of a metal element or organic compound (patent CN 106987045 A, C08K13/02; C08L1/02; C08L23/06; C08L3/02, published 07/28/2017 ).

An invention is known, which discloses the Composition of decomposing pro-oxidant masterbatches based on cobalt, zinc, zirconium (patent RU 2540273, C08L 101/16, C08L 23/04, C08L 23/10, C08K 5/098, published 02/10/2015 ).

An invention is known that describes a polymer material based on starch, a plasticizer, and one or more polyolefins selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene (US patent 10919203 B2, B29C 48/00, B29C 48/08, B29C 55/ 00, B29C 55/02, B65D 65/46, B65D 85/00, C08J 5/18, C08L 3/02, published 02/16/2021). The plasticizer is glycerin. The compatibility agent is present in amounts up to 8% by weight of the product.

20% - 40% wt. polymer starch

60% - 80% wt. polyolefin.

A known method for producing a plasticized thermoplastic composition based on starch and the resulting composition (patent JP 5544302 B2, C08G 18/64, C08G 59/40, C08J 3/20, C08K 5/05, C08K 5/1515, C08K 5/29, C08L 23 /06, C08L 23/12, C08L 25/08, C08L 3/02, C08L 75/04, publ. 07/09/2014, also published as patent RU 2524382, C08L 3/02, C08L 75/04, publ. 07/27/2014), chosen as a prototype. The method uses at least one granular starch (component 1) and at least one organic plasticizer of this starch (component 2) from glycerin, polyglycerol, isosorbide, sorbitan, sorbitol, mannitol, hydrogenated glucose syrup, sodium lactate and mixtures of these products . The functional material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene (PE) and selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene copolymer (SEBS), amorphous polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), and thermoplastic polyurethane.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the relatively low elongation at break (more than 40%), fragility, and insufficient elasticity in the manufacture of films.

The objective of the present invention is to create a composite material with biodegradable properties for the production of film webs with a thickness of 10-15 microns.

The technical solution of the present invention is a granular material consisting of a synthetic polymer and an organic filler of natural origin. The matrix of the biodegradable composition is based on synthetic polymers. The filler is based on a natural polymer, which is a modified thermoplastic organic material.

The synthetic polymer composite material includes an organic material, a synthetic polymer and a coupling agent. Additionally it contains a dispersant and a processing additive in the following ratio of components per 1 kg of composite material, parts by weight:

organic material – 5-90

binding agent – 5-25

dispersant – 0.3-8

processing additive – 3-8

synthetic polymer – 5-90.

The organic material used is one or more polysaccharides selected from the group starch of plant origin and/or flour of plant origin, and/or flour of plant origin, aqueous-alcoholic plasticizer A to ensure swelling of the organic phase and plasticizer B to ensure structural and accelerated plasticization, and also a functional agent, with the following ratio of components per 1 kg of material, mass.h:

polysaccharide – 39–90

plasticizer A – 5–60

plasticizer B – 5–60

functional agent – 0.001–10.

Polyethylene is used as a synthetic polymer. One or more maleated polymers are used as a binding agent. A resin of plant origin and/or a mixture of terpenes and terpenoids, and/or a mixture of unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids is used as a dispersant. As a processing additive, an amide lubricant or oleates or compounds are used, including a titanium element or one or more nonionic surfactants.

The method for producing a composite material includes the process of dehydration of the plasticized component. The organic material is dried to a residual moisture content of 5-10% at a temperature of 60–100 °C for 3–10 hours in a vacuum oven or drying oven. To compound the components into a concentrate, the components are mixed in a paddle, planetary or turbo mixer, with further compounding of the previously obtained mixture of components in a mixer with paddle rollers, at a melt mixing temperature of 140–210 ° C, granulation of the mixture and drying at 60–100 ° C With a duration of 1–10 hours. at the following ratio, mass.h:

organic material – 5-90

binding agent – 5-25

dispersant – 0.3-8

processing additive – 3-8

synthetic polymer – 5-60.

The resulting concentrate is mixed with a synthetic matrix in a paddle, planetary or turbo mixer, the resulting mixture is compounded by extrusion at an extrusion temperature in the working zones of the extruder of 120-210 ° C, a screw rotation speed of 100-650 rpm with an extruder cylinder length of 35 – 60 L/D at the following ratio, mass.h:

concentrate – 10-90

synthetic polymer – 10-90.

The present invention is achieved by implementing and using the following technical solutions.

The synthetic matrix represents one or more polymers from many grades of polyolefins, high or low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and other thermoplastic materials used to produce polymer products. Preferred brands are low-density polyethylene (HDPE) (high density), intended for the production of thin-film products, as well as low molecular weight polyethylene or linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), including maleinated. The choice of polyethylene and its content in the compound in different volumes allows you to adjust the viscosity, density, and molecular weight of the compound.

The organic filler is a modified thermoplastic organic material - plasticized polysaccharide in the form of granules, intended for processing on existing polymer equipment in composition with polyolefins, polylactones and other polymer materials. Provides a reduction in the cost of the composition, since it is based on inexpensive raw materials, which are, in particular, waste from the processing of cereal crops (flour).

The technical characteristics of the material are achieved by introducing compatibilizers, stabilizers, and processing additives into the polymer composition.

The compatibilizer in one embodiment of the invention is one or more maleated olefin polymers, for example, maleated polyethylene, maleated polypropylene, and/or maleated ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (maleated EVA), and/or maleated rubber, preferably maleated styrene-ethylene-butylene -styrene rubber (SEBS) or maleinated cis-butadiene low molecular weight rubber.

The compatibilizer in one embodiment of the invention is one or more of low carboxylate polyolefin elastomers and high carboxylate low molecular weight compounds, such as maleated methyl oleic acid, maleimides and bismaleimides.

The compatibilizer in one of the embodiments of the invention is one or more mixtures of maleated polymers with dispersants, which are natural resins and their derivatives (rosin, rosin ethers, turpentine), as well as with surfactants such as syntanols C16-C20

The dispersant of organic filler particles in a synthetic matrix increases the compatibility of the components and is, for example, a resin of plant origin, preferably rosin; and/or a mixture of terpenes and terpenoids, preferably turpentine; and/or mixtures of unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids, preferably distilled tall oil.

The processing additive according to one embodiment of the invention is

amide lubricant, for example glycerol monostearate, bisstearamide, erucamide, oleamide;

or oleates, for example sorbitan oleate or phosphate oleate;

or compounds including a titanium element, for example, titanium oxide compounds, titanate compounds, phosphoro-titanate compounds, most preferably a commercial additive of the MA12 brand;

or one or more nonionic surfactants, for example, a mixture of primary oxyethylated higher alcohols of fractions C16 - C18, a mixture of primary oxyethylated higher fatty alcohols of fractions C12 - C14, a mixture of polyethylene glycol ethers of primary higher fatty alcohols of fractions C16 - C18.

An example of the invention.

The process of producing a composite material based on synthetic polymers and modified thermoplastic organic material according to one embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:

Stage 1. The organic filler is dried at a temperature of 60 – 100 °C. Drying time is 3 – 10 hours. The equipment used for drying can be a vacuum oven or drying cabinet.

Stage 2. Compounding components into a concentrate.

Stage 1. Weighing the following components in ratios: organic filler - 5-90 parts by mass; compatibilizer – 5-15 parts by mass; dispersant – 1-8 parts by mass; processing additive – 3-8 parts by mass; synthetic matrix – 10-100 parts by mass.

Stage 2. Preliminary mixing of the components is carried out mechanically in a mixer such as a paddle, planetary or turbo mixer.

Step 3: Compounding the pre-mixed components in a paddle mixer, such as a Z-rotor mixer, Banbury mixer, intermix mixer, or twin-screw extruder. The melt mixing temperature is 140–210°C. In the case of mixing in an extrusion machine, the screw rotation speed is 100–450 rpm with an extruder barrel length of 35–60 L/D. The resulting mixture is granulated and dried at a temperature of 60–100 °C. Drying time is 1–10 hours. The equipment used for drying can be a vacuum oven or drying oven. Granulation is carried out using a machine that granulates a strand of composite material, unless otherwise provided by the mixing equipment.

Stage 3. Compounding components into a composite material based on synthetic polymers and modified thermoplastic organic material:

Stage 1. Weighing the following components in ratios: concentrate – 10-90 parts by mass; synthetic matrix – 10-90 parts by mass.

Stage 2. Preliminary mixing of the components is carried out mechanically in a mixer such as a paddle, planetary or turbo mixer.

Stage 3. Compounding the resulting mixture by extrusion. The mixture is extruded into a strand and then into granules. Mixing is done using a twin-screw extruder. Granulation is carried out using a machine that granulates a strand of composite material. The extrusion temperature in the working zones of the extruder is 120-210 °C. The screw rotation speed is 100-650 rpm with an extruder barrel length of 35 – 60 L/D.

Stage 2 can be omitted and thus compounding can be carried out without obtaining a concentrate, with obtaining the compound by extrusion, depending on the length of the screw and the settings of the extrusion machine.

The ratios of components and processing conditions can be changed and optimized for specific processing methods and for the production of specific products. The process of obtaining the composition includes, but is not limited to, processing the mixture into a compound using a twin-screw extruder. The composition can be produced on a single screw extruder, inclusive.

The present invention is an environmentally friendly biodegradable material. Biodegradation of the composite material is not accompanied by the destruction of the product into plastic microfragments. The mechanism of biodegradation of composite material in the natural environment consists of partial photothermal destruction and decomposition as a result of the vital activity of microorganisms that are actively developing and feeding on low molecular weight fragments of synthetic polymers due to the presence of a modified organic component. As a result of the decomposition of the material, substances in the form of small non-degradable particles are not formed.

The composite material makes it possible to produce film webs and products using the extrusion blow molding method - household bags, shopping bags, garbage bags, packaging bags, films, products with a thickness of no more than 10-15 microns.

The composite material meets the requirements for processing polymer materials using existing standard equipment. There is no need to create new equipment for the production of composite material and its processing into finished products. The method for producing a composite material using traditional equipment is simple and has no restrictions on scaling the process productivity.

Claims (2)

A method for producing a composite material based on synthetic polymers intended for the production of a film web, including mixing a synthetic thermoplastic polymer, a plasticized polysaccharide as an organic material, a maleinated polymer as a binding agent, a resin of plant origin and/or a mixture of terpenes and terpenoids, and/or a mixture unsaturated fatty acids and resin acids as a dispersant, amide lubricant or oleates, or one or more of the nonionic surfactants as a processing additive in a paddle, planetary or turbo mixer, with further compounding of the pre-prepared mixture of components in a paddle mixer, with melt mixing temperature 140-210°C, granulating the mixture and drying at 60-100°C for 1-10 hours, and before mixing these components, the dehydration process of the plasticized polysaccharide is carried out, in which it is dried to a residual moisture content of 5-10% at a temperature 60-100°C for 3-10 hours in a vacuum oven or drying oven at the following ratio, parts by weight: organic material 5-90 coupling agent 5-25 dispersant 0.3-8 processing additive 3-8 synthetic polymer 5-90