RU2802313C1 - Ambient conditions steam condenser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat engineering.

SUBSTANCE: ambient conditions steam condenser, including a vertical cylindrical body, made with the possibility of removing non-condensable gases from above and equipped with side upper inlet steam and lower condensate outlet branch pipes, an internal hollow coaxial insert and a spiral, which is installed between the body and the insert, and a spray device installed on top of the body. The inner insert is made in the form of a hollow tube with vertical internal heat exchange ribs and the upper edge located above the body, which is equipped with external heat exchange ribs, and at the top it is equipped with an upwardly expanding socket equipped with an inlet pipe with an angle of 60°-110° at the top and base 1.3–1.8 times the body diameter. Below the inlet pipe, a grate is inserted into the socket, assembled from vertical plates and made of a high heat-rejection material with a hydrophilic surface. The spraying device is made in the form of a horizontal hollow distributor installed evenly above the grate, connected to the inlet pipe and equipped with nozzles at the bottom for direction of steam on the grate plates at an angle of 45°-60°. At least one lower turn of the spiral is hermetically connected to the body and the insert, and the lower edge of the spiral is equipped with a baffle that is not sealed at the top, forming a condensate collector at the bottom of the spiral, which is connected to the outlet pipe. At the bottom, the housing is provided with an adjusting plate made with the possibility of moving upwards longitudinally relative to the housing with closing of the housing and the insert at the bottom during the cold season to exclude air draft, or downward - with opening of the housing and the insert and regulation of the air flow rate through them. The area of the external ribs of the housing is made with the possibility of maintaining the temperature of the condensate flowing from the outlet pipe at least +7°C in the cold season, and the area of internal ribs and the height above the insert body shall maintain temperature not higher than +40°C during the warm season.

EFFECT: new design.

1 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for cooling and condensing steam, in which the steam is in direct contact with the cooling medium - naturally cold air.

A device for heat exchange of liquids and gases is known (patent RU No. 2517844, IPC F25D 1/00, A01J 9/04, publ. the heat exchange structure contains an underground tank, above the underground tank there is a water heat exchanger for use in the warm season, characterized in that it additionally contains a submersible pump located in the warm season at the bottom of the body of the central freezing unit, with a discharge hose connected to the inlet of the water heat exchanger, and a drain hose connected to the outlet of the water heat exchanger and the tank.

The disadvantages of this device are high metal consumption due to the presence of pumping equipment, an additional water heat exchanger and a large number of vertical tubes inserted into the body, which must contain all this in itself, the placement of at least one heat exchange structure below the ground, which leads to a lack of mobility and the need for use a separate device for each pair of the generating device, as well as the obligatory presence of an external power source for the operation of the submersible pump, which leads to the need to supply power wires to each installation.

The closest in technical essence is a vortex-type heat and mass transfer device (patent RU No. 2502929, IPC F28B 3/00, publ. 27.12.2013 Bull. No. 36), containing a cylindrical body, a cover with a spraying centrifugal nozzle, a bottom with a pipe for draining condensate, a regular perforated nozzle is installed coaxially inside the body, which is a hollow truncated cone with holes arranged around the circumference of the nozzle in at least four tiers, a belt of drainage holes is made between the tiers, on opposite sides of the body above and below the upper edge of the nozzle there are two nozzles for inlet steam, and in the lid there is a branch pipe for the removal of non-condensable gases, the holes of each tier of the nozzle are located in a corridor along a helix, and the diameter of the holes of the upper tier is 2÷4 mm, the lower one is 10÷14 mm, the center-to-center distance is 1.1÷4 diameter of the hole, while the diameter of the holes of each subsequent tier is greater than the diameter of the holes of the previous one, and the diameter of the drainage holes is 14 ÷ 20 mm with an intercenter distance of 1.5 ÷ 3 hole diameters, on the nozzle perpendicular to its outer and inner surfaces, perforated spiral tapes of variable width so that the free edge of the outer tape is in contact with the inner side of the body, the free edge of the inner tape forms a cylindrical space inside the nozzle, the steam inlet pipes have the shape of ellipses in cross section, the major axes of which are parallel to the axis of the device.

The disadvantages of this device are the complexity of manufacturing and repair due to the presence of pumping equipment, coolant and a closed housing and a large number of parts (conical nozzle, external and internal spirals), which must be accurately fitted and have perforations of strictly defined sizes and arrangement in tiers. , the use of nozzles for introducing steam into the housing, having a cross-sectional shape of ellipses, the major axes of which are parallel to the axis of the device, and a centrifugal nozzle for spraying coolant, as well as the obligatory presence of an external power source for pumping coolant through the centrifugal nozzle, .

The technical solution is to create a steam condenser in ambient conditions, which allows for cooling and condensing steam with simple structural and technological elements (open at the top and bottom of the body, one spiral and an internal nozzle-insert without perforations, simple nozzles located without regard to orientation in space) without external supply of the cooling medium, without the use of pumping equipment, additional liquids, but only due to the natural circulation of the ambient air (natural convection).

The technical result is achieved by a steam condenser in ambient conditions, including a vertical cylindrical body, made with the possibility of removing non-condensable gases from above and equipped with lateral upper inlet steam and lower condensate outlet nozzles, an internal hollow coaxial insert and a spiral, which is installed between the body and the insert, and spraying device mounted on top of the case.

What is new is that the inner insert is made in the form of a hollow tube with heat-exchange vertical inner fins and an upper edge located above the body, which is equipped with heat-exchange outer fins, and from above it is equipped with a socket expanding upwards, equipped with an inlet pipe, with an angle at the top of 60º–110º and a base 1.3–1.8 times the diameter of the body, below the inlet pipe, a grate is inserted into the socket, assembled from vertical plates and made of a material with a hydrophilic surface that removes heat well, the spraying device is made in the form of a horizontal hollow distributor installed evenly above the grate, communicated with the inlet pipe and equipped with nozzles from below to direct steam at an angle of 45º–60º from the horizontal to the grate plates, at least one lower coil of the spiral is hermetically connected to the body and insert, and the lower edge of the spiral is equipped with a baffle that is not sealed from above, forming a condensate collector at the bottom of the spiral , which is connected with the outlet pipe, while the bottom of the body is equipped with an adjusting plate made with the possibility of moving longitudinally relative to the body up with closing the bottom of the body and insert in the cold season to exclude air draft, or down - with the opening of the body and insert and regulation of the air flow rate through them, and the area of the outer ribs of the body is designed to maintain the temperature of the condensate flowing from the discharge pipe not lower than +7ºC in the cold season, and the area of the inner ribs and the height above the insert body - not higher than +40ºC in the warm season.

In FIG. 1 shows a steam condenser in isometry.

In FIG. 2 is a side view of the steam condenser

In FIG. 3 is a front view of the steam condenser

In FIG. 4 shows section A-A of FIG. 3 steam condensers

In FIG. 5 is a side view of the steam condenser

In FIG. 6 shows a section B-B of Fig. 5 steam condensers

The steam condenser in ambient conditions includes a vertical cylindrical body 1 (Fig. 1–4, 6), made with the possibility of removing non-condensable gases from above due to the open top and equipped with lateral upper supply 2 (Fig. 1–5) steam and a lower draining 3 (Fig. 1-4) condensate pipes, an internal hollow coaxial insert 4 (Fig. 1-5) in the form of a hollow tube and a spiral 5 (Fig. 4 and 6), which is installed between the housing 1 (Fig. 4) and insert 4, and a spray device 6 (Fig. 1, 4-6) mounted on top of the housing 1. The inner insert 4 is equipped with heat exchange vertical internal ribs 7 (Fig. 1 and 4) and the top edge 8 located above the housing 1 to increase thrust (velocity of the upward air flow in box 4). Housing 1 is equipped with heat-exchange outer ribs 9 (Fig. 1-3 and 6), and from above it is equipped with an upward expanding socket 10 (Fig. 1-6), equipped with an inlet pipe 2, with an angle at the top (Fig. 4) a = 60º– 110º and base D (Fig. 2) 1.3–1.8 times the diameter d of body 1 (D=(1.3÷1.8)⋅d).

As the practice of testing at the facilities of the joint-stock company "TANECO" of the group of companies of the public joint-stock company "Tatneft" them. V.D., Shashina (hereinafter referred to as TANECO JSC) base diameter D=(1.3÷1.8) ⋅d allows to capture up to 90% of condensate deposited from the air (especially at temperatures close to 0ºС and below) above building 1, and the angle a = 60º–110º (Fig. 4) at the top of the socket 10 allows the condensed liquid to drain into the body without delay during the condensation of steam at a temperature of 105–170 ºС. All capacitor elements are recommended to be made for efficient heat removal from materials with a thermal conductivity at 100ºС of at least 65 W/(m⋅ ºK) (λ≥65 W/(m⋅ ºK)), such as iron, steel, metal alloys, except for high-alloyed and etc.

Below the inlet pipe 2, a grate 11 is inserted into the socket 10 (Fig. 1, 4 and 5), covering the body 1 from above, assembled from vertical plates and made of a material that removes heat well (thermal conductivity λ≥150 W/(m⋅ ºK) at 100ºС - aluminum, copper, etc.) with a hydrophilic (water-wetted) surface.

The spraying device 6 (FIGS. 1 and 4) is made in the form of a horizontal hollow distributor (a ring of hollow beams not shown in Fig., a collector with hollow beams, or the like) installed evenly above the grate 11, communicated with the inlet pipe 2 and equipped with nozzles 12 from below (Figs. 4 and 6) for directing steam at an angle of 45º–60º from the horizontal to the grate plates 11. As the practice of testing at the facilities of TANECO JSC showed when steam collides at an angle of 45º–60º from the horizontal with the grid plates 11 The most efficient (approximately 10–12% more liquid condenses than at other angles) is the precipitation of water droplets and the reflection of these drops from grate plates 11 into housing 1 (9–12% more liquid condenses than at other angles).

To exclude the drain of condensate from the housing (Fig. 4) 1, at least one lower coil of the spiral 5 is hermetically connected to the housing 1 and insert 4, and the lower edge of the spiral 5 is equipped with a baffle 13 that is not sealed from above (Fig. 4 and 6), forming at the bottom of the spiral a condensate collector, which is connected by a hole 14 (Fig. 6) with an outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 4).

From the bottom, the case 1 (Fig. 2) is equipped with an adjusting plate 15 made with the possibility of longitudinal movement due to the guides 16 relative to the case 1 upwards with the closing of the case 1 and the insert 4 from the bottom in the cold season to exclude air draft, or down - with the opening of the case 1 and the insert 4 and regulation (for example, using nuts 17, spring nozzles, pins, etc. - not shown) of the air flow rate through the body 1 and insert 4 due to natural convection. The total area of the outer ribs 9 of the housing 1 is selected empirically so that the temperature of the condensate flowing from the outlet pipe 3 to prevent its freezing (overlapping by the formed ice) is maintained at least + 7ºС in the cold season, and the total area of the inner ribs 7 (Fig. 1, 4 and 5) and the height above the body 1 (Fig. 2-4) of the insert 4 - not higher than +40ºС in the warm season, due to natural convection (draft) inside the insert 4 (according to the requirements of clause 7.6.8 of the "Rules for Safe Operation and labor protection for oil refining industries" PBE NP-2001 and clause 329 of the "Federal norms and rules in the field of industrial safety" General rules of explosion safety for explosive chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries ").

Steam condenser in ambient conditions works as follows.

The steam condenser assembly (Fig. 1) is delivered on a mechanical platform or manually to the place of work. The adjusting plate 15 (Fig. 2) on the guides 16 using, for example, nuts 17 is pre-installed in the middle position, the inlet pipe 2 is hermetically connected to the steam outlet (not shown), and the outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 2 and 4) - with catchment system (storm sewer, low pressure water conduit, etc. - not shown). Steam from the inlet pipe 2 enters the spray device 6 (Fig. 4), from the nozzles 12 of which it is directed at an angle to the relatively cold plates of the grid 11. On the grid 11, the steam condenses into water, wetting its hydrophilic surface, on which it is held in the form of a thin layer , excess water from the grate 11 flows into the body 1. The grid 11, due to its thermal conductivity, intensively removes heat to the body 1 and insert 4, also cooling the water layer on its surface. Heat from the housing 1 and insert 4 is intensively removed to the atmosphere, thanks to the outer 9 and inner 7 ribs, respectively. With further steam entering grate 11, colliding with a layer of water having a large heat capacity, steam cools sharply and condenses on the surface of grate 11, and its droplets stick together (coagulation occurs), increasing in size and flowing down at a temperature of 90–95ºС inside body 1. At the same time, the air from above the socket 10 (Fig. 1) is saturated with steam (forming saturated steam) and, with an increase in the amount of steam, begins to condense and deposit on the surface of the socket 10, from where it also flows into the inside of the body 1. This is especially intense at near zero ambient temperature and below. And at negative temperatures, small ice crystals are deposited on the bell 10, which additionally cool the bell and the grate 11, providing intense condensed steam.

The hot water flowing from the socket 10 (Fig. 4) and the grate 11 inside the body 1 onto the spiral 5 heats up inside the body 1 and the insert 4 and the air, which increases in volume, becomes less dense due to which it rises to the top inside the body 1 and the insert 4, being replaced from below by cold supply air, which additionally cools the water flowing along the spiral 5 and the insert 4 due to the intensive cooling of the internal ribs 7 by the air flow (Figs. 1 and 5). Due to the flow of water along the spiral 5 (Fig. 4), the time of its contact with the cooling ribs 9 (Fig. 3) and 7 (Fig. 1), respectively, the body 1 (Fig. 4) and the insert 4 increases, allowing more intensive cooling up to temperature not higher than +40ºС. At the bottom of the spiral 5, the flowing accumulates in the condensate collector, formed due to the partition 13 (Fig. 4 and 6), from which through the hole 14 (Fig. 6) the outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 4) condensate (water) is discharged from the housing 1 into the catchment system . Since the partition 13 (Fig. 4 and 6) is not airtight from above, it does not prevent the flow of air from the bottom of the housing 1 inside.

The water temperature in the outlet pipe 3 (Fig. 4) is controlled by a temperature sensor (not shown). When the temperature approaches the lower limit (+7ºС), the adjusting plate 15 is lifted or pressed from below to the body 1 and insert 4, reducing the air flow or completely blocking them and, as a result, reducing the intensity of air cooling inside the body 1 and insert 4, thereby increasing water temperature in the outlet pipe 3. When the temperature approaches the upper limit (+40ºС), the adjusting plate 15 is moved away from the housing 1 and insert 4, increasing the air flow and, as a result, increasing the intensity of air cooling inside the housing 1 and insert 4, thereby reducing water temperature in outlet pipe 3

All operations are carried out without the use of external power, only due to natural air convection.

The proposed steam condenser under ambient conditions makes it possible to cool and condense steam with simple structural and technological elements (open at the top and bottom of the body, one spiral and an internal insert without perforations, simple nozzles located without regard to orientation in space) without an external supply of a cooling medium, without the use of pumping equipment, additional fluids, but only due to the natural circulation of ambient air (natural convection).

Claims (1)

Vapor condenser at ambient conditions, including a vertical cylindrical body, made with the possibility of removing non-condensable gases from above and equipped with side upper inlet steam and lower condensate outlet branch pipes, an internal hollow coaxial insert and a spiral, which is installed between the body and the insert, and a spray device installed on top of the body, characterized in that the inner insert is made in the form of a hollow tube with heat-exchange vertical inner ribs and an upper edge located above the body, which is equipped with heat-exchange outer fins, and from above it is equipped with a socket expanding upwards, equipped with an inlet pipe, with an angle at the top of 60°– 110° and the base is 1.3–1.8 times larger than the diameter of the housing, below the inlet pipe, a grid is inserted into the socket, assembled from vertical plates and made of a material that removes heat well with a hydrophilic surface, the spraying device is made in the form of a horizontal hollow distributor installed evenly above the grate, communicated with the inlet pipe and equipped with nozzles from below to direct steam at an angle of 45°-60° from the horizontal to the grate plates, at least one lower coil of the spiral is hermetically connected to the body and insert, and the lower edge of the spiral is equipped with a baffle that is not sealed from above , forming a condensate collector at the bottom of the spiral, which is in communication with the outlet pipe, while the bottom of the body is equipped with an adjusting plate made with the possibility of moving longitudinally relative to the body up with closing the bottom of the body and inserting it in the cold season to exclude air draft, or down - with the opening of the body and inserts and regulation of the air flow rate through them, moreover, the area of the outer ribs of the body is designed to maintain the temperature of the condensate flowing from the outlet pipe at least +7 ° C in the cold season, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe internal ribs and the height above the insert body - not higher than +40 ° C during the warm season.

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